RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-?] SUMMARY: Herbert Bilton discusses his arrival in the Finlay-Parsnip country; washing gold; trapping; freighting for the HBC; trading posts; fur trade; travelling by boat on the Crooked River and Pack River. Story about hunting caribou at 30 below; he froze his toes and had amputate them himself. More on fur trade and trading posts. [Note: This summary is based on a fragmentary and incomplete outline in the file.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hilda North remembers her father, Peter Herman, and Port Essington before 1907 PERIOD COVERED: 1870-1907 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Hilda Theresa North talks about her father, Peter Herman who came from Germany, his adventures, his work in the Chemainus mill and for Robert Cunningham at the sawmill at Port Essington (1885). Her mother and father trapped at Lakelse Lake, then competed with Cunningham for the Indian fur trade. She speaks about her father's business relations with the Cunningham family, a fight between George Cunningham and Peter Herman, his businesses (sawmill, logging and canning) and his cannery operations. Hilda North recalls childhood memories of Port Essington and schooling. She relates more of her father's background, his advice to the G.T.P. officials on the Kaien Island site, his position as a MLA [?], and his involvement in the Gun-an-noot incident. Hilda North recalls more about her early life in Port Essington and her father's death.

RECORDED: Mount Robson Ranch (B.C.), 1983-11 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Hargreaves family came to Jasper in 1913. Homestead and guest ranch at Mount Robson. 1923 built and operation CNR cabins at Berg Lake. Ray Hargreaves built the chalet later. All five brothers guided and outfitted. Some guides and packers: Art and Ken Allen, Harvey Crate, Dean Swift, Ted Shive, Stan Carr, Chuck Chesser, Don and Dave McMurtry. Trap lines. Ray Hargreaves and Chuck Chesser partnership, 1931. Other workers; Bud Traver, Les Templeman, Bill Blackman, George Korsvik. George Hargreaves death in 1936. Work record stone sheep (Chadwick Ram). Graves in the wilderness. Big name hunters mentioned. Isaac Plante, Deome Findlay. Joachim family. Eddie Moberly. TRACK 2: Eddie Moberly (continued). Murray Cochrane's involvement from 1934. Describing Roy Hargreaves. Boating down Upper Smoky River. Hargreaves' daughter's involvement. Old geographic names in region. Horse fords on Smokey River. Geological Surveys.

PERIOD COVERED: ;1927;-;[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-03-12 SUMMARY: [No content summary available for this interview.];

RECORDED: Takla Lake (B.C.), 1981-09 SUMMARY: Mr. Field was born in Scotland in 1902, and came to Canada in 1920. He spent two years on the prairies and then came to BC. After a few months working along the Fraser River, he came to the Cariboo on a freight train. He worked as a gandy dancer on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway before becoming a trapper in the Chilcotin.

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. John Niven came from Scotland to Canada in 1923, and out to BC in 1924, on his way to Vancouver to leave Canada. He tells the story of his trip across Canada and how he stopped at [Red Pass?] Junction because he liked the look of the land, then moved to Dunster; it was easy to make a living doing numerous jobs living off the land. He describes what Dunster was like; travel by water; homesteaders; his life in Scotland; winters in Dunster; how he became a trapper; experiences trapping; living a solitary life; adventures with grizzly bears; living in cabins; the beauty of the mountains. Mr. Niven becomes emotional talking about the landscape and the feelings he had out there. Experiences with wolves and life out in the bush in the winter. TRACK 2: Mr. Niven continues with more trapping in winter stories; wolverines; wounds and infection; clothing; more on living in the winter.

RECORDED: Meadow Creek (B.C.), 1980-06 SUMMARY: [No content summary available for this interview.];

RECORDED: Rocky Mountain House (Alta.), 1983-12 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Trapped with Ray Mustard in 1939. Guided for Waddy Watson, Ed Sherbick, Ray Mustard. Most area outfitters focused on area south of Brazeau River. Outfitting surveys complemented hunting. Previously cooked and packed. Cold Lake military range, 1952. Survey work. Surveyors names. Northern Rockies outfitters; Jim Beattie, Leo Rutledge, Mel Kyllo. Ran big operation, three outfits, 100 horses, Ed Mackenzie and Ed Hitchings helped. Hunting parties, length, sheep main objective, Cariboo closed off. Outfitter requirements detailed (regulations). Some cooks and guides noted. Ray Simpson's green grizzly. Description of Brazeau/Job country, campsites, saddle horse. Good mountain sheep areas identified. TRACK 2: Elk. Pinto and Job (Wilson) Lake fish. Packed throughout the Rockies. 113 day geological party in Monkman area. Natural gas seeps. Sulphur springs. Trapping. Death on MacDonald Creek. A ton ten Mexican hunter. Backcountry curios; totem pole, elk antler pile, telephone line horns. Sold outfit in 1957. Son drowned on the Smoky River in 1952.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Horsefly, B.C., in the early 20th century RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967 SUMMARY: Lance Thygessen talks about his arrival in B.C. with his father in 1913, meeting Louis Riel on the prairies, ranch life at Horsefly, trapping near Quesnel Lake. Description of Horsefly, ca. 1914. The biggest changes since 1913.

CALL NUMBER: T1038:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Lawrence Dickinson recalls his journey from Wisconsin and arrival at Francois Lake in 1910, when he was about 15 years old. He describes his journey along the Cariboo Road; stopping in Quesnel Forks to help mine for the winter; the route he had to take to Francois Lake; filing preemptions upon arriving in Francois Lake; joining a survey crew for Swannell company; life as a surveyor ;in the Fort Fraser, Prince George and general Upper Nechako area in 1910. He describes Fort St. James and the HBC post located there in the summer of 1911; the old trails in the area, leisure activities at Fort St. James, and how much everyone enjoyed the area; A.G. Hamilton's trading post in Fort St. James; work he did over the next several winters; how the war disrupted life; his father's trading post at Fort Fraser in 1915; how he and his brother bought out the trading post and went into business for themselves; the kind of people in Fort St. James before the war, including railroad construction men and other old timers; Mr. Murray who was a factor for the HBC and other characters; what makes the area so attractive; the difficulty nowadays at making a living as a trapper; shifts in mining techniques, changes in the Necoslie Valley after WWI; and how Fort St. James continues to be a jumping off point for miners and people of various vocations. TRACK 2: Mr. Dickinson continues how t;he HBC got supplies to their forts; how the war affected business in the area and how the mercury mine boosted the economy; how preemptors could not get good land because companies took all the prime ;real estate.;

CALL NUMBER: T1038:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1971 [summer] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Dickinson comments on the attitudes of people and various characters in Vanderhoof from his past; anecdotes about gold miners and how the landscape has changed; buildings at Fort St. Jam;es that are no longer standing; how the younger generation is not as reliable as the older generations; the fur trade around Fort St. James and how the local buyers had the monopoly; and a few old timers. TRACK 2: Mr. Dickinson describes traffic going through Fort St. James; changes in the area resulting in growing industry and construction; the rivalry among stores between the HBC and Dickinson and others; placer mining areas; freight service into the Nechako Valley by the HBC, Dickenson's surveying career from 1910 to 1913, including descriptions of places he surveyed; and miscellaneous comments about today's pioneers and industries.;

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Ranching near Tatla Lake since the 1920s RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967 SUMMARY: An oral history interview with Leonard Butler, who migrated from Spokane to Tatla Lake in the 1920s. Surveying with Frank Swannell. Ranching on the Homathko River. Clearing land and trapping.;

SUMMARY: In "Homesteading at Ootsa Lake", #21 in the series, Arthur Shelford recalls his experiences homesteading and trapping in the Ootsa Lake country with his brother Jack.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-02-03 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Leo J. Bettison recalls some of his experiences in the central interior of BC, 1912 to 1914; and in the south Okanagan, 1918 to 1922. He describes his arrival in Victoria in 1912; work on Saltspring Island; work surveying and trapping in the Fort George area; joining up for World War I; travels; people in the Fort George area, including Billy Seymour and "Six-Mile Mary"; a potlatch on Saltspring Island; more details about the Fort George area; incidents in the bush; his return to Canada after the war, and his work in Saanich. TRACK 2: Mr. Bettison describes the making of straw;berry jam; going to the Okanagan and his early work there; farming near Oliver; a story about a deer shot near Fairview; Fairview and the people there; orchards in Oliver; irrigation; an anecdote about soldier-settlement schemes; buying hay from "Old MacIntyre"; Bill Skunover; stories about Indians in the Oliver area.

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Margaret I. McKirdy discusses her experience cultivating the land she and her husband owned and the surrounding land around Valemount, Canoe River Mountain, the Canoe Valley, her first impressions, trappers, how business began to grow, Lewis Knutson, other ranches in the area, i.e. Donald Gordon's ranch, and Swift Creek. TRACK 2: Mrs. McKirdy continues by discussing a trip to a hot springs; crossing the creeks; she tells the story of how her husband came to BC from Ontario to be a trapper; the Mountain Fever; McLeod; Pincher Creek; Good Luck Mine near Golden; trapping along the Canoe River; the Upper Fraser River. She discusses her first trip to the area, what she expected and what the reality was.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Cattle ranching in B.C. : Martha Furrer PERIOD COVERED: 1929-1975 RECORDED: 100 Mile House (B.C.), 1979-08-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Martha Furrer discusses: her family background and arrival in the Cariboo in 1925; ranching at Horse Lake, 1929; neighbours; her life on the ranch; her husband's previous agricultural experience; marketing and production of beef cattle -- labour, beef prices, feeding, haying, rustling, disease, calving; forest fires. TRACK 2: Martha Furrer talks about: trapping and predatory animals; ranch life; social aspects; weather and irrigation; education; entertainment. Conclusion and additional comments. (End of interview)

RECORDED: Madeira Park (B.C.), 1982-03-20 SUMMARY: Mr. Likes' parents came to the Peace River in 1913 by covered wagon. Melvin trapped, farmed and worked for public works; he retired to the Sunshine Coast.;

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-11-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Reid [first name unknown] recalls people and events around Adams Lake from the 1900s to the 1950s, including: the first white inhabitant, a prospector named Andy McConnell; the story about the rescue of a trapper with scurvy, Jack Wallace of Sunset Creek; and trapper Bill Anderson, who died of a stroke. He describes the Adams River Lumber Company, a horse logging operation that once employed 400 men. He recalls a colony of Seventh Day Adventists that lasted four years on upper Adams Lake. He tells about the failed attempt to settle Doukhobors on upper Adams in early 1950s. He tell;s about a man who robbed a U.S. Army payroll and used the money to start the Cariboo Lodge on the lake, but was eventually caught. The Lodge was taken over by a German named Jacob. Reid operated the steamboat "A.R. Hellen" for the Adams River Lumber Company, and was involved in the rescue of a mentally-ill Swede and others who became sick. He describes the system of dams built by Adams Lake Lumber; Company to transport logs down to mill in Chase. The interviewee concludes with an account of how he came to Lower Adams Lake, beginning with birth in N.B., work in Saskatchewan and then Vancouver, b;efore going to Adams Lake where he married and settled. [TRACK 2: blank.]

"The terrifically Terrible Ursus Horibilis (carnivore) or grizzly bear": an account of an investigation Muirhead, as a Provincial Police constable, carried out into the killing of a trapper, Tom Meaney, by a grizzly bear north east of Prince George in the 1920s. Muirhead describes the country, forms of travel, Meaney's companions, and the trappers' daily routine. An addendum lists and describes birds in the area. The account contains photographs.

Presented by Mrs. A.A. Mallery (niece), Duncan, 1987.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-11-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Neil Cameron discusses trappers and prospectors in the Fort Steele area; came from Scotland with his family at the age of fifteen; worked for lumber companies and then surveyed; residents; of Fort Steele were; "a very fine class of people"; Wild Horse River was still producing at the turn of the century; Joe Walsh was the Fort Steele constable; Cameron became the game warden for Cranbrook district in 1928; traits of the old trappers. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0164:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Placer Mining and miners of the Cariboo, 1858 - 1920. RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-04-17 SUMMARY: Captain Norman "Cap" Evans-Atkinson talks about placer mining and miners in the Likely area of the Cariboo, 1858 to 1920. TRACK 1: The miners coming to the Cariboo, circa 1858; sailors who became miners; types of gold; detailed discussion of placer mining along creeks, techniques, equipment, terminology; mining settlements; hard rock mining. TRACK 2: Story of John Likely, J.B. Hobson, and the Bullion Mine; Likely and his books; Cedar Creek; phases of mining; claim jumpers; Cedar City; details of the Cariboo fire of 1869; the Quesnel Lake dam.; CALL NUMBER: T0164:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-04-17; 1964-05-05 SUMMARY: Captain Norman "Cap" Evans-Atkinson talks about Cariboo gold and gold miners, 1858 to 1930. TRACK 1: Miners in the backwoods; enmity between two miners; draft evaders; old-timers; Captain Mitchell's trail to the Barkerville gold fields; people at "Snarlburg" (French Snowshoe Creek); Murderer's Gulch; more on Captain Mitchell's trail; Angus McLean, who lived along the Quesnel River. TRACK 2: Story of how miners were guided by Indians, by the name of Tomah and Long Baptiste, to gold on the Horsefly River, beginning the Cariboo gold rush; potatoes brought in by Russian fur traders; hostility of Indians toward miners; massacre averted by Chief William; Indians co-operated with other prospecting parties; Long Baptiste guide/bodyguard for Judge Begbie; Long Baptiste probably had the earliest Cariboo gold. CALL NUMBER: T0164:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-05-05 SUMMARY: Captain Norman "Cap" Evans-Atkinson talks about miners and other people of the Cariboo, 1860 to 1930. TRACK 1: Different types of gold found in the Cariboo; the Indians and the animals they hunted; caribou in the Cariboo; stories about a trapper named Franz who lived alone in the woods; Long Baptiste and Judge Begbie; more on Franz the trapper; eating porcupines; other stories about men living alone in the woods. TRACK 2: Captain Evans-Atkinson's background; came to the Cariboo circa 1912; Cariboo people; World War I service; impressed by Canadians; return to Cariboo; mining experiences; John Likely; gold strike above Quesnel Forks in 1921; staying at miners' cabins; the naming of Likely, more on John Likely, story of Bob Winkler, an old trapper; pokes, money belts; gold caches. CALL NUMBER: T0164:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-05-05 SUMMARY: TRACK 1; Captain Norman "Cap" Evans-Atkinson discusses some aspects of the trapper's life in the Cariboo, 1912 to 1930. Finding gold caches; stories about old-time trappers living alone in the woods; their habits; coping with flies, mosquitoes, ticks; stories about Jack Glass, another old-timer; encounters with bears. [TRACK 2: blank.]

The series consists of records created between 1909 and 1972 by the Northern Division or Northern Region of the Fish and Wildlife Branch and the "D" Division of its predecessor bodies, that relate to the registration and administration of traplines and the trapping industry. For most of the years covered in these records, this division/region consisted of all of British Columbia north of a line from Quesnel to Bella Coola, including these two places as well as Prince Rupert, Kitimat, Queen Charlotte Islands, the Stikine region, Cassiar, McDames Creek, Fort Nelson, Fort St. John and the Peace River region, the upper Fraser River valley of the McBride-Tete Jaune Cache area, the Nechako valley, the Skeena region, and the Prince George area.

The series include early files transferred from the B.C. Police, files regarding First Nations traplines, and individual trapline files, 1922-1969; records on registered guides, including guide report forms and nominal files, 1948-1972; crime investigation reports and conviction record books of violation of fish and game laws, 1930-1967; game management records including subject files on wildlife organization, management activities, and data on various species.

This series contains a large number of maps and sketches from 1909 to 1972, especially relating to the trapline and guide files. Many of these were removed from their files in 1982 and catalogued as two separate sub-series by the Map Division of the BC Archives. An index map of guiding territories was also removed.

See index map of guiding territories catalogued as CM/G6
See sub-series CM/E117 for trapline maps, 1909-1968
See sub-series CM/C2054 (previously CM/S2) for trapline sketches, 1922-1972.

SUMMARY: Cliff Harrison talks about his days as a trapper in the Lakes District, south and west of Burns Lake.

CALL NUMBER: T2467:0001 track 1
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Journey to Ootsa
SUMMARY: In this first of two programs, Arthur Shelford recalls how he came to Canada from England in 1908, some of his early working experiences in Alberta and British Columbia, and how he and his brother Jack located their homestead in the Ootsa Lake District.

CALL NUMBER: T2467:0001 track 2
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Journeys of a homesteader
SUMMARY: In this second of two programs, Arthur Shelford recalls homesteading with his brother Jack in the Ootsa Lake district around 1910. He discusses their experiences clearing the land, building a sod-roof cabin, trapping, and living in a tent in winter, as well as a journey to Bella Coola to buy cattle for their farm. The local character Mike Touhy ("The Bard of the Lakes Country") is also remembered, and Touhy's poem "The Hazelton Trail" is recited by the narrator. The voices heard are Arthur Shelford, Cliff Harrison, and Frank Chettleburgh.

SUMMARY: "CBC Radio International" refers to a service through which CBC programs were transmitted for broadcast in other countries. "Pioneer People of the North" is a collection of oral history recollections ;about settling and homesteading in the country between Prince George and Prince Rupert in the early part of the 20th century. The voices heard include: Mrs. H.F. Glassey, Arthur Shelford, Constance C;ox, Cliff Harrison, Bill Bickle, and Hugh McLean. The program was one of the first products of Imbert Orchard's Living Memory Project at CBC Vancouver, and a forerunner of Orchard's series "People in ;Landscape.";

CALL NUMBER: T3864:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Office manager, Fish and Wildlife Branch PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1979 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1981-07-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Staff of Game Department Division D, 1930s-40s. Discusses: "special patrols"; "bush wire"; Indian-white trapline feuds; effects of Alaska Hwy on northern B.C.; development of trapline administration 1920s-1970s; trapline boundary disputes; Indian protests and role of D.I.A. in settling disputes. TRACK 2: Mr. Guay discusses: Alcan and the Nechako Bird Sanctuary, 1951; wildlife biologists in the north 1950s; predator control programs, 1940s-50s, including use of poisons; effects of settlement, B.C. Rail, and logging on trapping; post-war programs for veterans, 1945. CALL NUMBER: T3864:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Office manager, Fish and Wildlife Branch PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1979 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1981-07-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Guay discusses: poison distribution program, 1943; guide regulation policies, 1945; Indian guides and regulations; relations between Game Department and Federal Fisheries, Federal Migratory Bird Act, B.C. Provincial Police and the Joint Patrols; travel up Crooked River to Finlay-Parsnip before Hart Highway, 1940s; transportation for out of the north; relations with RCMP; Rod and Gun Club hatchery programs; Game Commissioner visits to Prince George, 1940s-50s for Divisional meetings and meetings with trappers. Discusses B.C. Trappers Ass'n: early formation, development of fur prices 1946, beaver seals, beaver quotas and beaver trapping generally. TRACK 2: Discusses: beaver tags and beaver poaching, 1930s-50s; Indian trappers; relations with D.I.A.; relations with band councils since 1975; Indian fur harvesting and trapping attitudes; company, communal, and individual traplines; effect of fur price decline on Indians; special permits to whites to trap Indian traplines; inheritance of Indian lines; white attitudes to Indians; conservation groups, 1940s-70s; effects of 1956 creation of Department of Recreation and Conservation, which the Game Department was put into. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T2789:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Teaching and social life in Cariboo communities RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Ruby Barrett's parents; father was a minister and came to preach in Vancouver in 1929; her father's work as a missionary up the coast; Normal School in Vancouver when Ruby was 18; her first ;teaching post at North Lytton School; her second teaching position at Alexis Creek; trip from Williams lake to Alexis Creek; her third teaching position at Horsefly in 1938; her recollections of Horsefly in 1938; her marriage to trapper Tan Barrett. TRACK 2: Ruby's marriage to Stan Barrett, continued; their first home; social life in Horsefly; Christmas concerts at the school. CALL NUMBER: T2789:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A teacher in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-12-21 SUMMARY: Experiences as a teacher at Alexis Creek and Horsefly, BC. CALL NUMBER: T2789:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Teaching in Horsefly, B.C., 1938-1941 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-01-05 SUMMARY: Teaching in Horsefly from 1938 to 1941; the teaching profession in general. CALL NUMBER: T2789:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A trapper's wife, 1942 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: Ruby Barrett; her life as the wife of a trapper in the Cariboo in 1942. CALL NUMBER: T2789:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A trapper's wife, 1942 & 1945 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: Ruby Barrett; her life as the wife of a trapper in the Cariboo region from 1942 to 1945.

RECORDED: Comox (B.C.), 1965-08-03 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Rupert Williams describes how he came to Canada from Britain in 1905; homesteading in Alberta; working on a ranch; and a job in the civil service. He tells stories of how he went with h;is old boss prospecting to Mica Mountain; traveling to the mountain; unwillingly smuggling liquor through Peace River crossing; the frozen Peace River; prospecting for gold and trapping. TRACK 2: Mr;. Williams goes on to talk about Finlay Forks; a Hudson's Bay Company factor named William Fox; homesteading; a man named Bob Ferguson with whom Mr. Williams went to Mica Mountain with; another HBC factor named Bed Benson; Colonel Hardesty; Grande Prairie; the fake prospector who told the story about Mica Mountain; the land office.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Steve Sawczuk RECORDED: [location unknown], 1979-01 SUMMARY: Steve Sawczuk was born in Argenta in 1917. He is the son of Ukrainian immigrants. He has remained in the area all of his life, trapping, logging and working at a wide variety of jobs in order to make a living. He discusses early Argenta, the first school and teacher, and homesteading. He describes growing up, making a living, local community history, and particular characters in the community. Anecdotes about early Lardeau Valley people.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Thomas Squinas talks about his father, Chief Domas Squinas; the arrival of Alexander MacKenzie as told by his father; the Ulgatcho people; more on Chief Squinas' life; trails in the Anahim Lake region, his father's packing days; the arrival of white men; the Waddington massacre; trapping and the first settlers; Jane Bryant. TRACK 2: Mr. Squinas continues with more on Jane Bryant; frontier first aid; Tom and Annie Engebretson; pre-contact stories; getting supplies from Tom Lee's store at Alexis Creek; and Antoine Capoose.

The item is a copy of a thesis by Douglas R. Hudson titled "Traplines and timber: social and economic change among the Carrier Indians of Northern British Columbia." xiv, 287 p: figs. tables. Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Alberta, 1983. Bibliography: pages 255-271.