RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02

CALL NUMBER: T0547:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life in Alert Bay, 1909-29, and Telegraph Cove, 1929-74 PERIOD COVERED: 1909-1974 RECORDED: Telegraph Cove (B.C.), 1974-08-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Fred Wastell describes: early life in Alert Bay; description of Alert Bay, ca. 1910; prominent families in Alert Bay, 1910-20; sawmill and Indian village at Alert Bay; potlatches at Alert Bay; visitors' accommodation at Alert Bay, 1920s; cannery and fish hatchery in Alert Bay and Nimpkish area. Description of Alert Bay, 1910-20: settlers around Nimpkish Valley, 1912; Tracey & Garland Logging Co; Hand logging Operations, 1920s; sawmill operation and Beaver Cove, 1918. TRACK 2: Fred Wastell discusses: labour problems at Alert Bay; problems with sawmill organization at Alert Bay, ca. 1920; Wood and English mill at Englewood, 1924-25; description of Mr. Wood and Mr. English; Telegraph Cove sawmill operation, 1929-74; saltery operation and problems at Telegraph Cove, 1929-37 Japanese business practices, 1930s; cannery influence on government policy, 1920-40; labour supply at Telegraph Cove mill, 1920-74.

CALL NUMBER: T0547:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life in Telegraph Cove, 1929-74 PERIOD COVERED: 1899-1974 RECORDED: Telegraph Cove (B.C.), 1974-08-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Life in Telegraph Cove. Personnel and Jobs. Building of the road to Telegraph Cove. Advantages of a large mill operation over a small mill. Sointula Finnish commune settlement. Social conditions in Telegraph Cove. The naming of Telegraph Cove. [TRACK 2: blank; end of interview.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-03-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Clark recounts his father's [Robert Clark] arrival in BC in the 1860s with the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Victoria. Mr. Clark was left an orphan at the age of three; as a child, he lived at Port Kells; as a boy, he later traveled and worked in Spences Bridge, New Westminster, and Seattle, and hunted and trapped in Lillooet and Stave Lake. Around 1895, he moved into the Surrey are;a; hunted, trapped, traveled; worked on the New Westminster bridge; and built boats. He talks about his early life at Port Kells; Barnston Island; early settlers; Shannon; Kells; Lewis Dodson; Joe Bossi; early adventures; Yale; the Reverend Tait; Fort Langley. TRACK 2: Mr. Clark continues with recollections about travel in the area; Yale Road; Scott Road; Semiahmoo trail; early Sumas; Chilliwack; river boats; Mission; the first cannery; sawmills; Brownsville; hotels; Johnny Wise; Fort Langley; cranberries; Port Mann; other memories.

CALL NUMBER: T4130:0001 RECORDED: Bella Coola (B.C.), 1983-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The "grease trail"; other means of transport; Indian fishing. TRACK 2: History of the Draney family; cannery operations; the Draneys in Bella Coola.;

CALL NUMBER: T4130:0002 RECORDED: Bella Coola (B.C.), 1983-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Early life in Bella Coola; history of logging on the central coast of B.C. TRACK 2: Logging on the central coast; early Bella Coola.;

CALL NUMBER: T4130:0003 RECORDED: Bella Coola (B.C.), 1983-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Indians in Bella Coola; building the road; environmental impact of logging. TRACK 2: Fisheries problems; work ethic; miscellaneous.;

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): George Draney recalls his father Tom and early life in Bella Coola Valley, 1892-1930 PERIOD COVERED: 1892-1930 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1960-08-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: George Draney recalls his father Thomas Shaw Draney and early life in the Bella Coola Valley (1892-1930). Draney discusses his fathers arrival in the Bella Coola Valley and his work as a cannery manager, his father's impressions of the valley (1903-1914), the moving of the town in 1925, trails, amusing settlers, and characters in the valley.

RECORDED: Bella Coola (B.C.), 1981-09 SUMMARY: At the time of this interview, Mr. Draney was living on the farm on which he was born in Bella Coola. His parents were some of the earliest settlers there, and built a cannery in 1901. George worked in logging camps on the coast for twelve years, but eventually came back to start his own logging operation.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-25 SUMMARY: [No content summary available for this interview.];

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): George MacKay RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-10 SUMMARY: George MacKay started working in the cannery at age seven in 1910. In 1913 he worked in a net loft for 5 cents an hour. Discusses the Chinese kids who worked in the cannery. In 1921-1922 he worked for the Gulf of Georgia on collect boats. At that time the Gulf of Georgia was also referred to as the Desbrisary Canning Company because it was owned by the Desbrisary Brothers. Explains the operation of collect boats. Says all the canneries at that time had collect boats with white tallymen. Most of the fishermen were Japanese. In 1923 he took a trade to become a machinist. Worked for Ross & Windburn for 10 years. Explains cannery machinery, and making of cans. Discusses the exploitation of Chinese labour and the deplorable living conditions. Talks about the Indians and discusses the Indian living conditions in the cannery owned houses. Talks about the Indian graves that the canneries bulldozed over for buildings. They were mostly children's graves that had died of disease. Indians generally discriminated against. Speaks of the 1913 "big salmon run" after which there was a slide at Hell's Gate and the fish dropped in numbers. Fishermen were limited to 200 sockeye a boat at 5 cents a piece. His father, David MacKay, built the Brunswick Cannery in 1893. Grandfather was manager of the Atlas cannery for years. Also ran the reduction plan called the "Oilery" on MacMillan Island. Talks about working for B.C. Packers and moving the oyster beds. No strikes during the War. Linemen and machine men were getting $150.00 a month and board during the 1930s. During the war, workers got a lot more work. Went back to cannery 1942-1969. Thinks union is good but may be going a little too far. Discusses early union organization and union benefits. In 1913 his uncle and Captain Gus were running the Steveston cannery, they had no Iron Chink, they butchered by hand and cleared a profit of $10,000 each. Discusses different canneries. Gas engines came in 1913. Different jobs performed over time.

CALL NUMBER: T0252:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Growing up in Richmond RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1972-05-06 SUMMARY: Mrs. G. Cheverton discusses her childhood in Richmond, including: sickness, school, churches, stores and fishing. [Very little documentation is available for this tape.];

CALL NUMBER: T0252:0002 RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1972-05-06 SUMMARY: Mrs. G. Cheverton describes housing, canneries and the Japanese of Richmond. [Very little documentation is available for this tape.];

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Lidster came to BC with his family from England in 1902; Lister, his father, was an early technical teacher in Vancouver. Mr. Lidster recalls New Westminster; various streets; Columbia ;Street; social life; schools; the Chinese cemetery; and the New Westminster Exhibition. He discusses his law practice in New Westminster and his position as first permanent Solicitor for the City of ;New Westminster. He compares Vancouver and New Westminster. He describes his employment at the Royal Bank of Canada; New Westminster lumber mills; canneries and fishing. TRACK 2: Mr. Lidster continues with a discussion of New Westminster industries; the harbour; ships and shipping; bridges and railways. He discusses the importance of New Westminster for the Fraser Valley; the New Westminster; Market circa 1913; Burnaby circa 1900; Sir Richard McBride, and Frank Degrey. He tells anecdotes about politicians. He talks about the Gifford family, and the New Westminster lacrosse team.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Harold Iverson RECORDED: Delta (B.C.), 1976-02-26 SUMMARY: Harold Iverson was born in 1912, the son of a long line of fishermen. Fishing in skiffs at 7 and 8 years old in the river for salmon. At age 16 he got a powerboat, a 5 HP one cylinder engine. Powerboats came in the 1920s, and power winches came in 1938. Fished mostly in the Fraser River until the 1950s, then the off shore Japanese fleet and fishery closures made it necessary to go further a field. Used to fish at San Juan and Queen Charlotte Sound and the Skeena River. As a kid, he remembers the stern-wheelers that used to deliver to farmers up and down the river. Not much farming on River Road, too expensive and too boggy. Came from a family of 6. Long lined halibut for 20 years, trolled and also gillnetted salmon. Changes in fishing and equipment. Lost a 50 ton boat in 100 mph gale in 1970 in Queen Charlotte Sound, and his partner ship came to pick him up in the thick spray. He was wired to the rigging, and had to dive to free himself and then swim to the other boat. His clothes weighed about 100 pounds with water. Just about quit fishing, but changed his mind. Discussion of fish prices. The Americans don't practice conservation, but they take more than their share of the Fraser River salmon. Discusses fishing history, unions, practices and restrictions. At one time there were 40 canneries in the Fraser, but now (1976) there is only one. He fished for the Canadian Fish Co. for 20 years. The Vancouver Co-op worked for a while but it went bankrupt due to people being greedy. Shellfish such as crabs and oysters were ignored until after the War because there was lots of other fish to eat. Discusses the old Union Steamships, they were very comfortable. Discusses canneries. Discussion of wild life around his River Road home. Discussion of the herring fishery and reasons why it depleted before 1971. Wants a Minister of Fisheries from B.C., not back east. Discusses halibut fishing. Fishing in Smiths Inlet. Pollution in water. Rum running during prohibition.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Helen Zesko RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1976-01-09 SUMMARY: Helen Zesko started working for B.C. Packers in 1940 at age 16, washing fish, filleting fish and running machines. New filling machines installed in 1942. Work conditions tough in 1948 (cold, etc.) Canning done by hand (salmon and herring). Many women employed then but less women now (1976) due to machinery. Describes "hand filling". Started work at $0.20 /hour in 1940. No compensation in 1940. Used to be more men than women due to heavy work. Work has improved in canneries -- safety regulations, heating. There were bunkhouses in 1940. Camps were made of regular houses. No children under age 16 working for B.C. Packers in 1940. All people (Japanese, whites, Indians) paid same rate except pieceworkers who made more. Women made 20 cents and hour while men made 30 cents. Describes a machine called the "gang knives" used for the 1/4 lb. cans. Oysters and clams began to be processed in 1950 and ended in 1960. Cannery work went on normally but busily during the War. Cannot remember any unusual or interesting events in cannery history since 1940. Some of the work in the cannery is demanding depending on what you are doing. Work in the canneries has improved 100%. Has enjoyed working in the cannery.

Footage. Footage from an unidentified film. Includes views of Vancouver [and North Vancouver?] from the harbour; many scenes of herring fleet under way; shots of and on board various herring boats (including "Norcrown", "Irana", "Waldero" and "Western Cruiser"); the packer "Norcrest" unloading fish at a cannery on the North Shore; herring in nets and being brailed into hold; seagulls swarming.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hilda North remembers her father, Peter Herman, and Port Essington before 1907 PERIOD COVERED: 1870-1907 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Hilda Theresa North talks about her father, Peter Herman who came from Germany, his adventures, his work in the Chemainus mill and for Robert Cunningham at the sawmill at Port Essington (1885). Her mother and father trapped at Lakelse Lake, then competed with Cunningham for the Indian fur trade. She speaks about her father's business relations with the Cunningham family, a fight between George Cunningham and Peter Herman, his businesses (sawmill, logging and canning) and his cannery operations. Hilda North recalls childhood memories of Port Essington and schooling. She relates more of her father's background, his advice to the G.T.P. officials on the Kaien Island site, his position as a MLA [?], and his involvement in the Gun-an-noot incident. Hilda North recalls more about her early life in Port Essington and her father's death.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-05 SUMMARY: Hugh Montgomery was born in Ireland and came to Steveston in June 1913, the year of the good salmon run in the Fraser River. He started work in the cannery at age 7. The fish were so plentiful and the canneries were so short of help that they hired at any age. Put empty cans on trays and ten took them to the women so they could can the salmon. That paid two and a half cents an hour. Became a journeyman, worked up along the coast. Namu was one of the major plants of the coast where he became chief machinist and can maker for nine seasons. Got married and went to the Queen Charlottes as foreman of the plant. Went to Canadian Fish Cannery at Skeena River as assistant-foreman for five years. The accommodations were rough: just wooden shacks, but the cookhouse always had lots to eat, and good food. Worked long hours 6 am - 12 am because there was no refrigeration at cannery or on boats so fish had to be processed right away. Straight labour was paid by the hour but filling cans was paid by piecework. The key men in the plant such as mechanics, tallyman, and net supervisors were paid monthly. There was no overtime but if it was a good season sometimes received a bonus around $100.00. In those days the average wage of the key men was around $150-200 a month, and that included board and your fare up and down the coast. During the War worked from 6 am to 12 midnight with two half-hour breaks 6 days a week until the union came in. Believes the union was badly needed. Japanese evacuation during the War, and their poor treatment. Talks about changes in the cannery brought on by the health department, which he says was a lot tougher than the unions. Struggle to get union started. In Steveston before the big fire there were 23 canneries. Recalls the big fire in Steveston, 1928. Believes machinery put a lot of canneries out of business. Strike in Rivers Inlet in 1930. Remarks on fishing department. Processed herring during the War. Superintendent at Gulf of Georgia plant.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Inez and Kaarlo Huovinen RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-05 SUMMARY: Both Inez and Kaarlo Huovinen have their own gillnetters. They began living in the Vancouver area in 1928, fished on the Skeena River and came to Finn Slough area in 1930. Bought $125.00 boat and put a model-T Ford engine in the boat. Came from Finland in 1924. Worked at logging in Ontario, then on the railway, then on the prairies harvesting, then logged when he first came to B.C. The Depression conditions. 1932 River was too low and lots of fish died at Hell's Gate. Fished 5 days a week. Modern gear is too efficient. Inez started fishing all on her own. Kaarlo owned 2 boats, and he wanted to sell one so she took it over with her son. So he put a high-speed motor in her boat and she caught as much as the men "Fish, you know, don't know who's in the boat, you see, as long as your net is right in the water". Discusses the strikes at Rivers Inlet 1930s. 1945 union included the cannery workers. He fished for the Phoenix Cannery on the Fraser. Names other canneries. There was a co-op cannery in Ladner. Lived in a fishermen's shack for 16 years at the present (1976) Crown Zellerback site. Moved to their present (1976) house in 1947. Japanese treatment during WWII as opposed to treatment of the Finns (Finland fought against the Allies), no government discrimination. Kaarlo tried to learn to speak Japanese but didn't. Discusses B.C.'s Finnish populations. Discusses nets. Inez fishes mostly in the river to "make ends meet" and operates the boat mostly by herself. Discusses the river. Discusses different unions. Discusses fishing seasons and sports fishing. Oscar Niemi lived on the Crown Zellerback site, and it was said that Oscar knows all the stumps and snags in the river from New Westminster to the mouth of the river. Discusses wildlife in Richmond, and its replacement with development. Discuss big changes in cannery work, used to be lots of people, now few people and lots of machines. The buy-back program is discussed and criticized.

CALL NUMBER: T0447:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Nelson talks about his father [Nels Christian Nelson] coming from Norway to homestead and fish at Whonnock in 1885. He discusses his life working in the fishing industry; types of boats; building boats; canneries; early Whonnock; types of salmon; logging; steamships; Glen Valley; Bill Miner; other incidents; Probert family; fishing; the market for fish; scow houses; the fisherman's ;life; Collingwood and Steveston. TRACK 2: Mr. Nelson talks about the commercial fishing industry; sturgeon fishing; early canneries along the Fraser River; Chinese cannery workers; Steveston; the Nelson Brothers Cannery; the fish inspector; procedures involved in setting nets.;

CALL NUMBER: T0447:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Nelson talks about the Japanese working in the fishing industry; the Norwegians; other ethnic groups along the Fraser River; Nass River fishing; the Reverend Collison; Indians working in ;the fishing industry; types of salmon and nets; fishing equipment; changes in fishing methods; differences between gillnetting and seining; fishing locations; weather. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Isaac Nelson RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-27 SUMMARY: Isaac Nelson's father came from Norway in 1896 to settle in Squamish and then they went to Whonnock, a Scandinavian community. He was born in a boat. Began rowing boats at an early age, 24 foot skiffs. Skiffs were flat bottomed and supplied by the canneries. He started rowing out in the Gulf at age 7. Built his own boat in 1909, a 32 foot skiff, because he was too young to get a cannery boat. His father died when he was one year old, and he lived unhappily with a step-father. Used his skiff for one year then bought a round-bottom boat with a 2 cylinder Easthope. Fished sockeye and springs. Later became a fish buyer for the companies. Bought his own packer; ran company boats up the coast. Then he was a net boss for Nelson Brothers, getting the gear ready for the fishermen. He had eleven children, the oldest was lost in the War. Wife the daughter of Jake Lehman, a pioneer family. He was in the carpentry business and built a couple of sawmills. No relief in those days; if you wanted to eat you had to work. Learned to be a carpenter from his step-father. Lots of canneries on the Fraser at one time, but mechanization has done away with it. He worked at Arndale on the Nass River as carpenter and net boss. Cannery machinery is described. The Iron Chink did away with hundreds of workers. He rebuilt the boat that his father had bought for $10.00. The Lee boys started building round-bottom boats and his job was to blow the dust away from the saw; that's how he learned about boats. He packed fish for B.C. Packers, Nelson Brothers, and he also worked as a net boss. He got along well with the Indian fishermen. There were off-years (poor catches) in the early years because of spring floods. 1913 was a good year. Discussion of the Westminster fire of 1898. He actually saw the fire. He never had trouble getting work during the Depression. Married three times. He plays a tune on his fiddle; he is self-taught.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1963-02-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Hall recounts her family history; her early life in Britain and the family's immigration to BC. She recalls the family settling at Terra Nova; Lulu Island in 1888; the journey to the family farm; family life; the family farm; other residents; farm produce; her father's [Gordon Robert] work as a carpenter; a description of the area in 1900; dyking; drinking water; bridges; a description of Sea Island; river traffic; supplies; the stage route; Mr. Steves; Mr. Mellis; roads. TRACK 2: Mrs. Hall continues with her discussion about road conditions; early Vancouver; William Gray; clearing flood boxes; Bridgeport; the Mellis family; Mr. Yewdall; canneries; the Terra Nova Cannery; Indian and Chinese labour; the flood of 1894; entertainment.;

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Isamu Matsuzaki RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1976-03-18 SUMMARY: Isamu Matsuzaki was born in 1902 in Courtenay, Vancouver Island. His father was a coal miner in the Cumberland Mine. He has no recollection of Cumberland. His father fished until 1927. They lived at Steveston where the B.C. Packers, Imperial Plant is now (1976). They had a big company house with some single fishermen boarders. His mother died when he was 14, he had 2 sisters and a brother. His father returned to Japan in 1927. His brother went to UBC and then returned to Japan to work. Lists canneries and describes Japanese community in Steveston as 2,000 people strong. Only fished one year when he was 17, then became a skipper in a packer boat. At age 19 he built his own packer and was skipper on it. Was a cash buyer for 2 seasons, working mostly for B.C. Packers. When the War came the government took his boat and sent it to the east coast. He also lost his house and property. He was sent to Castlegar near Nelson and worked in a mine there for 10 years. Returned to the coast in 1952 and went back to running a packer. He did not get adequate compensation for the loss of his house and property. Worked for B.C. Packers and then ran his brother-in-law's packer. Discusses improvements in equipment and packers, as well as current (1976) fishing industry. Japanese women worked filling cans by hand, and Chinese men lived in a big bunkhouse. Indians, Japanese and Whites got along fairly well, but lived in segregated houses. Discusses old community events in Steveston. One hour to Steveston from Vancouver by tram. He went to a Methodist Church as a child. Most of the Japanese remained Buddhist. Japanese Hospital was operated by the Japanese Fishermen's Association. Conflict between Japanese and White unions. Lots of farming by the Japanese as well. Recalls the Steveston opera house and hotels. The decline of farming in Steveston. The state and future of the fishing industry, and the impact of pollution in the Fraser River.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jack Anderson RECORDED: Burnaby (B.C.), 1976-02-16 SUMMARY: Jack Anderson was born in Iowa and came to B.C. in 1919. Went to the Peace River County with his brother to farm, at about 15 years old. Tried logging and trapping, and moved to Rivers Inlet. Became a fisherman and cannery worker, started at Brunswick Cannery. Discusses canneries and Canada Fish Co. Very difficult during the Depression, discusses fish prices. Sailboats were used in the 1920s. Over 100 boats were based out of Brunswick Cannery. Licenses issued for each district, with Japanese confined to specific districts. Bought a converted boat in 1925 with at Easthope engine, used it for 12 years. $1000.00 a year at that time was considered good money. Trapping was a tough and lonely business. Started logging as a hand logger, and used a Gilchrist Jack to get the logs in the water. Quit logging in 1950 and gillnetted until 1970. Stayed at Rivers Inlet. Heart attacks are common for fishermen, with many dying in the 50s. Net loft boss got paid the most. Logging, canneries and fished are now mechanized. Fish are stored in brine and shipped to Vancouver or Prince Rupert. Fishing used to employ thousands of people, but not now (1976). The licensing of boats, to limit their numbers, resulted in basically eliminating Indian fishermen. Catches have gone down, as the gear is more efficient. Discusses strikes at Rivers Inlet. Discusses the switch from pay per piece to pay per pound and the need for a union, to improve prices. Recommends two Ministers of Fisheries, one for each coast. Fishing has become more competitive. Talks about different people and shares anecdotes about them.

RECORDED: [location unknown], [1976-05?] SUMMARY: [No content summaries available for this interview.];

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jack Chisnall RECORDED: Burnaby (B.C.), 1976-02-12 SUMMARY: Jack Chisnall was born in Ontario in 1893 and came to B.C. in 1916; his wife came from Edinburgh, Scotland in 1911. Started logging in B.C., and fished and logged in Rivers Inlet. Fished 5 or 6 days a week in the old days. There were 13 canneries in Rivers Inlet at the time. Boats caught about 500 salmon, at 17 cents a piece for sockeye in 1916. You couldn't make a living at fishing alone, you had to go logging or trapping in the winter. Only made $2.50 a day for 10 hours of logging. Many Indian and Japanese fishermen. Japanese weren't allowed to log, and after WWII they weren't allowed to fish where they wanted. Fishermen at the time were organized into a union called The Fishermen and Cannery Workers' Industrial Union. The price of fish picked up in the 1950s. Steveston fishermen used to go up the coast for sockeye then return to San Juan Straits. Canned spring salmon for tourists. Cans were soldered by hand by Chinese workers. Dr. Darby. Paid by the fish until about 1949 when they started paying by the pound: ie. Dog salmon 3 cents a pound when it used to be 3 cents a fish. Comments on the return of Japanese fishermen. During the war they had more trouble with the Canadian Navy than with any enemy. Used to work at Celtic shipyards in the winter time. Discusses the American taking most of the fish up in the Alaska panhandle and their lack of conservation measures. Foreign fleets and pollution are also taking their toll. Steamships. Lots of drinking and bootlegging.

PERIOD COVERED: ;1927;-;[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-03-12 SUMMARY: [No content summary available for this interview.];

CALL NUMBER: T2063:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Point RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-29 SUMMARY: James Point went to an Indian Industrial School on Kuper Island to learn a trade, but he didn't speak English, only his Indian language. Began to learn English from his sisters and was given examinations by inspectors who came. When asked he said he would like to become a shoemaker, so he learned the trade but could not find work in Vancouver, and decided that he didn't really like it so he went fishing with his father. Father used a skiff and then a round-bottomed Columbia River sailboat. Fished for 10 years with his father. Only one cannery in Steveston at the time. Then they started building canneries all over. Remembers J.H. Todd & Sons. His boat went down in the Gulf in a storm and he lost half a boat load of sockeye. Fishing with sailboat was hard work. At Rivers Inlet they didn't let gas boats at first because the noise scared the fish. Everybody fished from the village. Nets were made by hand. Before nets, Indians used to use poles. Description of how pole fishing worked. No one was allowed to touch or jump over the poles as it brought bad luck. CALL NUMBER: T2063:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Point RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-29 SUMMARY: James Point feels he should be paid informant's fee. His stories have been collected before and he was paid. He talks of memorial posts for graves that showed the kind of person you were, most of them are now in New York or elsewhere. The river was called "Stautlo" which means river. He gives the Indian names of fishing camps and various parts of the river. He tells stories of Musqueam history. Eulachon fishery. Vancouver cannery was one of the first, so was Terra Nova, built same time as English's as well as Ewen's at Ewens Slough. Also one up at Port Mann: tells murder stories about Port Mann Cannery. Indians gillnetted before whites, acted as pioneers in this fishing industry. Fish were sun dried high up on a pole. They all had their own poles. Sun dried made a different taste than smoked. People further up the Fraser still (1976) sun-dry their salmon. Vancovuer cannery used to smoke fish. Delbert's grandfather, Mr. Guerin, was head smoker, used hardwood sawdust. Mr. Point started gillnetting in the early 1900's. Left school in 1890. Has had 3 brothers: Abraham, Dominic and Alec. 2 sisters: Cecilia and Lizzy. His mother had sisters who lived in Graham Island in the states whom he never met. Big reserve in a place called "Serita" further out towards ocean, "Uchuluk people".