SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Stage drivng in the Cariboo RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967 SUMMARY: An oral history interview with Albert Power, who was "born and raised" a cowboy, and drove a stage in the Cariboo. He talks about a trip from Ashcroft to Quesnel ca. 1913, and cattle drives from the Gang Ranch to Fort Fraser.

CALL NUMBER: T0314:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Alfred Joseph Drinkell tells some stories about the history of the Dog Creek area of the Cariboo, from 1860 to 1914. Drinkell discusses his arrival in BC in 1911. He describes the ranches he worked at around Ashcroft, Joseph Smith's place, and his financial problems and life before he came to BC. He tells anecdotes about Judge Begbie. He tells a story about Samsome, a local doctor, and the legendary packer Jean Caux ("Cataline").

TRACK 2: Drinkell relates the story of Cataline's last trip and describes many trails in the area. He speaks of Joy Sim, a Chinese doctor, and pioneer medicine. He discusses some of Cataline's packers: Robbins, Wiggins Dan Smith, and the first settlers in the area. He describes the Hudson's Bay Trail, freighting, roads in the area, stories about Phil Grinder of Jesmond, a local school teacher, and educated people.

CALL NUMBER: T0314:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Drinkell describes the early days of Ashcroft, the Chinese in the area, two anecdotes: the Wright of the Dog Creek Ferry and the Stobie of the Gang Ranch. He offers the background of the Gang Ranch and describes cattle drives, the Duke Of York, a Barkerville bartender, and local Indians.

TRACK 2: Drinkell discusses cowboys, social life and Christmas. Then he mentions Indian-White relationships and a story about Indians and the law. He discusses the Chilcotin and Shuswap Indians, problems with the reserve system, Chinese settlers in the Dog Creek area, and the importance of Chinese in the area. Finally, Drinkell tells the story of five Indian women who killed themselves over a white man, and how nails and gold dust were used as money.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969-10-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview for the CBC television program "This Land Of Ours", Mrs. Betty Phillips, wife of rancher Pan Phillips, discusses her life and experiences on the family ranch. These include anecdotes about travel in the bush; encounters with bears; her background; coming to the ranch; her first days there; life on cattle drives; accidents; general comments on life in the bush; and an anecdote about cold weather. [TRACK 2: blank.];

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life as a Cariboo cowboy and stage driver RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967 SUMMARY: Bob French arrived in the Cariboo in 1892 at the age of 13. Driving a stage coach; robbers on the road from Barkerville. Life as a cowboy. Head cowboy on the Gang ranch. Cattle drives to Ashcroft. Crossing rivers. The first automobiles in the area.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Bruce Watt RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1982-07-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bruce Watt tells tale about deep mud. Convoy of trucks in the mud. How he made faster time on horseback than could the trucks in the mud. Recalls speed sign on impassable road. When stories were told. Story of grizzly-hunting. Tale of bad dust storm and high wind. Tale tellers: Lester Dorsey and his horse-trading stories. Tells a Dorsey story. Tells another horse-trading tale. When he last told the deep mud tale: two men told him of a remarkable slave stud, and he told them the mud tale in reply. The mud. Story of motorist on mud trail. Story of notoriously slow talkers. Story about inexperienced American hunters. Stories of American hunters. Tells about American killing grizzly. Life history: born in 1926 and came to area in 1948. Was in Big Creek for 25 years, ranching and raising a family. Born in Chilliwack. Does guiding. Guiding story: trying to get a bear out of a tree. Cattle driving in the 1940s and 1950s. Trucks took over later.;

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Caroline Moffat recalls some of her experiences in the Tatla Lake area, 1921 to 1937, including: a winter journey to her homestead in Tatla Lake in 1923, school days at Tatla Lake, wild horses, growing up in the bush, encounters with wild animals, gatherings at Tatla Lake to distribute mail, details of a winter journey to Corkscrew Creek in the Anahim Lake area in 1931 to start a ranch there. TRACK 2: Mrs. Moffat continues discusses meeting Lord Tweedsmuir during his visit to the Bella Coola valley in 1937, incidents of a cattle drive at Anahim Lake, anecdotes about a pet moose, a story about an altercation with local Indians and the local deputy.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Moffat describes the landscape around Anahim, the story of a journey made to give birth to her first child in 1940, activity in the Anahim Lake area around the time she moved there in 1932, stores and settlements and roads in the area, the trail to Bella Coola, an anecdote about Ralph. TRACK 2: Moffat finishes her discussion of Indians, people in the Ulkatcho area, stories about encounters with wolves and cougars, Pan Phillips and her sister Jane Lehman, travels in the area, and a story about a load of hay.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Moffat comments and tells stories about her brother and sisters, Alfred Bryant, Jane Lehman and Bunch Trudeau, her parents, Phyllis Bryant Kellis and Cyrus Bryant, her father's background, a winter journey with her sister Jane (who was a nurse) to take care of an Indian. TRACK 2: More stories and discussions of local Indians including Joe Kapoose and Thomas Squinas, the death of her father, stories about wild horses, her first trip to Anahim Lake to find land and comments about the area.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Moffat tells a story about a neighbor, Indians and liquor, a description of the Bryant cabin at Tatla Lake: the stove and bath nights, a story about her mother digging a well, the garden, pastimes at a nearby lake, stories about Jane and her family, her father's pioneering spirit, travels, memories of the rail journey to Clinton and a wagon trip to Soda Creek in 1919. TRACK 2: A discussion of her personal philosophies such as reincarnation, arising from the discovery that she has cancer, her attitudes toward death, reflections on the quality of her life and winding up her affairs, a story about an altercation with Indians over a horse and a load of hay, and an encounter with a cougar.

SUMMARY: The story of cattle ranching in the Nicola Valley: its beginnings in the days of the Cariboo gold rush, and the work of ranchers and cowboys at the Douglas Lake Cattle Company. The voices heard are: Bill Brennan; Alex Bulman; Gerald Guichon; Fred Irwin; Doug Palmer; and Martin Starret.

The item is a film reel of out takes from the 1970s. It contains extensive footage of cattle being rounded up and herded at the Douglas Lake Ranch. A very large herd is seen in both long shot and extreme close-up, often in falling snow. Several mounted cowboys escort the herd.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-29 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Francis Edwards reminisces about life around Pavilion around 1900. Mr. Edwards tells the story of a cattle drive to Vancouver involving Pecullah Kosta, Robert Carson and Richard Hoey in 1877. Mr. Edwards discusses his father, Chief Edwards; an anecdote about the pack trains; how his father came to the area in Shuswap; his childhood memories of trading fish for staple foods; hunting; then and now; working at the Robert Carson Ranch in 1906; Robert Carson and the Indians; and other ranches. TRACK 2: Edwards continues discussion about ranches; Robert Carson; John Bryson; Keekwillie [pit house] holes; and songs.

CALL NUMBER: T1096:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-05-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Garnet E. Willis talks about his father and the people of the Chilliwack and the Similkameen region, 1894 to 1916. He describes how his family farmed near Sardis; what Chilliwack was like in his youth; steamboats on the Fraser; Harrison House; hard work on farms; school days; stories about Bill Miner; stories about John Ryder and his family; the Nelson brothers; how his father hauled freight; his father's background with the fur brigade; a discussion of the brigade route; details of his father's travels in Fort Garry, California and BC; his father's claims in the Cariboo; how his father logged on the present site of Vancouver; and John Beatty. TRACK 2: Mr. Willis continues with a story about an old man; the circumstances by which he came to the Similkameen area with his father in 1914; an anecdote about his father and the farm at Sumas; a comparison of Chilliwack and Similkameen areas; cattle and cattle drives over the Dewdney Trail; several stories about travels on the Hope Trail; a discussion of Herman Grell, known as "Shorty" Dunn; Jack Budd; and train robber Bill Miner.

CALL NUMBER: T1096:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-05-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Willis continues with more on Shorty Dunn of Bill Miner's gang; a story about Pat Kennedy of Princeton; Jim Slater; a story about Charlie Rheinhardt; Price Chandler; the beginning of Keremeos; Keremeos centre; the town of Loomis, Washington; a description of Princeton in 1913; Bill Allison; Mr. Willis' own place near Princeton; several stories about August Carlson; a story about Steve Mangat; the Olalla Mine; other mines and drilling. TRACK 2: Mr. Willis offers a story about Duncan Woods of the Hedley Mascot Mine; a discussion of his wife's uncle, a packer named John Worth; Bill Bristol and his stopping house east of Hope; a discussion of "Colonel" Robert Stevenson and his tall stories; a story about tracking lost cattle; more about Stevenson; more about Jack Budd and Bill Miner; and a story about a foot race in Montana.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A Chilcotin pioneer RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Gabriel (Gay) Bayliff recalls how his father settled at the Chilancoh Ranch near Alexis Creek in the Chilcotin, and early days in the area. His father came from England, ca. 1880. Early work on ranches. Teaming up with Norman Lee to start ranch. Bull Canyon. Mother's medical experiences and riding skill. Polo teams. Cattle drives to Ashcroft. Stores in Ashcroft. Railway survey through the Chilcotin. Chinese labourers. Changes in the Chilcotin. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The interview begins with the story of Mr. Blenkinsop's arrival from England in 1907. He discusses his work at the Chilco Ranch, raising horses at Farwell Canyon, ranching on Big Creek and the growth of Chilco Ranch and the development of ranching in the area. He describes some of his experiences driving freight wagons and catching wild horses. He tells stories about Mr. Church, a horse hunter, other settlers in the area, local Indians, and Norman Lee of Alexis Creek. TRACK 2: Blenkinsop discusses the sales of cattle, Becher's stopping house near Riske Creek, cattle drives, and the Cotton Ranch.

CALL NUMBER: T2785:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-07-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Glenn begins with his birth in 1902 in South Bend, Washington; his mother went down to be with relatives for the birth and returned shortly after. His parents operated a ranch and one of the two hotels in Horsefly. Glen talks of the community when the three major mines were operating; the Hydraulic Mine operated by J.B. Hobson, who was also manager of the Bullion Mine at Likely; the Orientals, who dug ditches and worked in the mines; Ward's Mine; the Miocene Mine; I.D. and E. Co. (International Dredging Co.); the effects on the community of the closure of the mines; Glen began trapping when he was very young and has trapped for over sixty years. He talks about what a trap line is, where his was in the Quesnel Lake area, how much time he spent on the trap line and what he took with him. TRACK 2: Glen continues to talk about trapping; what it was like to live on a trap line for several months, what the trapping cabins were like; a few stories of his experiences on the trapline; about traps; how he sold the fur; how trapping today compares to trapping in the 1920s and 1930s.

CALL NUMBER: T2785:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-07-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Trapping; supplies in trappers cabins; setting traps; stretching and tanning hides; first aid on the trap line; trapping regulations; big game hunting; guiding; began when he was about 19 years old; first time guiding hunters from California; supplies taken by hunters; hunting stones, etc. TRACK 2: Big game hunting; hunting stories; game population; decreasing and increasing numbers over the years; wolves across Quesnel Lake; changes in big game hunting; small game in the area; grouse and pheasant; dressing and preparing meat; brief description of the Williams Lake Stampede in the 1920s.

CALL NUMBER: T2785:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-07-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Father's ranch; the Walters's Ranch; work around the ranch; hired help; Ah Wee, the Chinese domestic and ranch hand; operations around the ranch; survey of ranches up Black Creek; mining at Eureka Creek in the early 1900s; ranches, pre-emptions along Horsefly Lake Road; ranches in Beaver Valley. TRACK 2: Ranches in Beaver Valley; cattle drives from Horsefly to Ashcroft and Williams Lake as late at the 1940s; early freighting along the Cariboo Road from Ashcroft; team and wagon; trips into Horsefly; freighting with trucks; goods brought into Horsefly; incident at home with family.

CALL NUMBER: T2785:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-07-12 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Glen talks about buying a small ranch in Horsefly from his mother and building up the ranch into a working operation; clearing land; seeding; irrigation; haying; Indian crews; trading with locals; winter campgrounds; battle on Cariboo Island and the reason there are no Indians in Horsefly. TRACK 2: 108 Road; original road into Horsefly before the road from 150 Mile; his father had the mail route over 108 Road; original road through Horsefly to Quesnel Lake and across to the gold fields around Barkerville and Keithley Creek.

CALL NUMBER: T2785:0005 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Glen remembers the wild horses in the area before they died out; role of women on the ranches; fencing in the early days; Farmer's Institute; buying seed in the early days; effects of the First World War on ranching, as well as the Depression and the Second World War. TRACK 2: Differences between ranching in the early days and ranching today; early roads around Horsefly; road-building crews; horse graders; corduroying; changeover to power graders; trucks; freighting with trucks and traffic along 150 Road in the 1920s; conditions of the roads.

CALL NUMBER: T2785:0006 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Glen's father owned and operated the Walters Hotel which was one of two hotels during the early 1900s; the bunkhouses used by miners; the Meiss Hotel; the main hotel also called the City Hotel, had a small store; description of it, saloon, dining room, livery stables, rooms, services provided; patrons; gambling; miners; Walters Hotel also called the Horsefly Hotel; rooms; livery stables; dining room, meals; Harry Walters carried gold for Hobson and was also an early forest ranger. TRACK 2: House of ill repute in Horsefly; hotel patrons; celebrations at hotels; first phone installed in Horsefly.

CALL NUMBER: T2792:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Harry Brown's family; Dairy farming in the Fraser Valley before the Depression; selling milk to individual buyers; organisation of Fraser Valley Milk Producers; moving to the Cariboo, Likely; and Horsefly; ranching in Beaver Valley during the 1940s; what the place was like when he bought it; getting the ranch going; haying; feeding cattle; daily chores and routine; milking cows and shipping; cream to Williams Lake and Quesnel. TRACK 2: Ranching Beaver Valley; leisure time in the winter; feeding cattle in the winter; travel by horse and cutter in winter time; condition of roads; cattle drives to Williams Lake; Williams Lake in the 1940s; operating a general store in Horsefly in the 1950s; managing a men's clothing store in Williams Lake; Horsefly in the early 1940s; the general store in Horsefly from 1950 to 1958. CALL NUMBER: T2792:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977 SUMMARY: Harry talks about his years living in the Corner House, a large rambling log house in the centre of Horsefly; taking in boarders; feeding people; the General Store in Horsefly in the 1950s; bringing in beer for the local population; Niquidet's freight line from Williams Lake to Horsefly in the 1950s; customers; trappers, hunters, locals, tourists, forestry people; store goods; on the ranch in Beaver Valley; chores, fencing, irrigation; buying seed; pigs; the log home that was on the place when Harry moved in; building a barn; comparison between farming in the Fraser Valley and the Cariboo; winter on the ranch; Melba's father, Harry's father-in-law; food on the ranch.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Judge Henry Castillou tells stories about the Cariboo ranchers and the legendary packer Jean Caux ("Cataline"); raising horses in the Cariboo; early days of cattle ranching in the area; cattle drives, the Harpers; and the Gang Ranch; stories about Carl Wycotte; an anecdote about missionaries and Indians; a bible story in Chinook; a discussion of Cataline and Judge Castillou's father, who; was also a packer. TRACK 2: More on Cataline and other early Spanish packers in the Cariboo; Cataline's background and speech; Wiggins, who was a packer for Cataline; a description of Cataline, stories about him and his last pack journey.

RECORDED: [location unknown], [195-?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Jack Cornwall and Mr. Bert Collins recall the Ashcroft - Cache Creek area from 1860 to 1900: Mr. Cornwall describes Ashcroft to 1900; his father Henry Pennant, and his uncle, Clement Francis, who came in 1861; the Cornwalls and the Cornwall estate; the Cariboo Road; camels; a trip to Victoria in the early 1880s; early ranchers and cattle drives. Then Mr. Collins discusses Cataline (the packer Jean Caux) and how Cache Creek got its name. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-05-26 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss Kathleen Ellis recalls her father; pioneer Okanagan rancher Tom Ellis. She discusses how her father came to the valley in 1865; pre-empted land at the present site of Penticton; returned to Ireland to marry; a description of Mrs. Ellis, nee Wade; Judge J.C. Haynes; Ellis' early travels; relations with native people; cattle brought from Oregon; early families; business dealings; Ell;is' treatment of newcomers; visitors; a description of the house; and how Ellis built the first church. TRACK 2: Miss Ellis describes early settlement at Penticton; Father Pandosy and his death; daily life; governesses; pastimes; chores; Ellis' cattle herd of 4,000 head; how Eileen Ellis met Pat Burns; visits with the Burns family in Calgary; cattle driven to Hope or Rossland; hard feelings when; Ellis bought Haynes Ranch in Osoyoos after J.C. Hayne's death; rivalries; and the Kruger family.

The item is an audio recording of an interview with Leslie Leighton made in Vancouver in 1974.
T0006:0001 track 1: Leslie Leighton's parents' backgrounds in B.C. from the 1860s. Father's Glenbrook Ranch at Savona. Building of irrigation works on Durant Creek, 1909. Feed for cattle. Housing on the ranch and building a log cabin. Description of cowboys working on ranch. Cowboys' drinking habits. Good food from chuck wagons. Interviewee as "The last of the first cowboys". Work for Cattleman John Wilson and with several of the original cowboys in B.C. Early cowboys on drives from Oregon and at the Gang Ranch.
T0006:0001 track 2: The Harper family ranches (Gang, Perry, Harper Camp and Kelly Lake). Leighton's own; youth, schooling. Description of the yearly round of ranch work. John Wilson's role in the region. Leighton's work as a stage driver for the BX company. Stage schedules and conditions on the Cariboo Road. Modern chuck wagon racing. Leaving Ashcroft at night.
T0006:0002 track 1: Breaking horses. Breaking techniques. Christmas on the ranch. Dances, weddings, fairs and exhibitions. Races and bucking contests. Saddle horse contests. Hospitals and childbirth in hospitals. Cowboys at the hotel when injured.

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-?] SUMMARY: [No content documentation available for this interview.];

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-?] SUMMARY: [No content documentation is available for this interview.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life at Chezacut in the Chilcotin, 1908-1930 PERIOD COVERED: 1908-1930 RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1975-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Martha S. Mulvahill discusses life at Chezacut in the Chilcotin: how she came to the Chilcotin; her brother, Will Copeland, had ranch at Chezacut; arrival and description of stage journey to Chezacut; the ranch; haying time; cattle drives; her husband, John W. "Charlie" Mulvahill; his background; husband's ranch. TRACK 2: Mrs. Mulvahill further discusses life at Chezacut: trip to Ashcroft; growing hay; cold winters; wildlife; school; digging well; husband's accident with horse; details of farming; driving cattle; trapping; Norman Lee's famous cattle drive to the Klondike.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0001
RECORDED: Hope (B.C.), 1963-03-24 & 25
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Martin Starret, born July 17, 1888, describes his family background, starting with his maternal grandfather, Captain Henry Smith. His grandmother's family name was Stevens. He describes a trip with his uncle, C.V. Smith, to Hazelton in 1909 to learn the fur trade. He discusses a shipment consisting of seventy tons of alcohol for a man called Blackjack MacDonald. He offers a description of Hazelton and his first recollections upon landing there including specific people and events. He discusses his mother and his father, born in 1850 in Brampton Ontario, who was a surveyor. His father also mined gold with a man named Metcalf, and Jack Kerkup who later became the Gold Commissioner at Rossland. His father and a man named Flood, who was from Woodstock Ontario, and a man named Corrigan went from Hope to Skagit in Washington to mine gold. He describes their adventures on the trail to Skagit. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret continues with the story. One of the men began to miss a few things out of his bag such as salt and bacon. The man accused was a Chinese miner and he was required to cut off his hair to be set free. His father returned to Silver Creek, a couple of miles below Hope. Mr. Starret describes Hope, BC, and its residents in the 1890s. Stories of Bill Bristol who had the contract of cutting cords of wood for the steamboat company for a dollar and a quarter per pile. Bristol was born in Syracuse, NY. He worked in the mines in San Francisco in 1849 and came to Hope in 1858. Mr. Starret describes the naming of Catz Landing, Bristol's Landing and a few more places. Bristol used to carry mail from Westminster to Yale in the season when the boats could not run. More stories about Bristol.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0002
RECORDED: Hope (B.C.), 1963-03-24 & 25
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes cattle drives and cattle trains near Hope in the 1890s. He offers anecdotes about William Yates who was a worker for Hudson's Bay Company, the man for which Yates Street in Victoria is named. He describes work at the Whitworth Ranch in the Skagit Valley in 1907, a man named Bob Hume who claimed that he was the first white man born in BC, who also worked there. Hume told Mr. Starret the story of Simon Gun-an-noot, an Indian outlaw who killed two white men in Hazelton, including Alec MacIntosh, in October 1907. Gun-an-noot eventually gave himself up because there were no witnesses. Starret tells stories of the famous packer Cataline, whose real name was Jean Caux, and discusses Cataline's drinking habits. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells a story about Cataline taking the horseshoes off a horse who was carrying eggs, so that the horse's feet would get sore and he would walk lightly, so as not to break any eggs. More anecdotes about Cataline. Steve Tingley was an old timer who owned a ranch and his wife was killed on a horse. Stories about other packers and old timers such as Ned Stout, Bob Steveson, and John Allway who died in September 1908. He discusses W.W. Walkem who wrote about the first Fraser River bars, and mentions a man named Pete Toye. Mr. Starret offers anecdotes about his mother's experience as a school teacher, and a hike with his father to Eureka mine near Silver Creek in 1897.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0003
RECORDED: Hope (B.C.), 1963-03-24 & 25
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret discusses early white settlers in the Babine Lake region. Stories about Walter Williscroft who lived outside Hazelton, and had to turn back along a trail to find his dog. A story about contractor Duncan Ross and his dealings with a Chinese blacksmith. A packing contest which a Mongolian won. A story of the "Bell Mare", an Indian woman who carried a bell and when the bell would ring the horses would think there was another horse up ahead and rush to get there. Mr. Starret offers a detailed description of packing methods. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret discusses early settlers at Hope in 1900: Yates, Alvarez and Wardel. Feed for the horses was the biggest drawback of Hope. The benefits of Hope from a geographical point of view. Hazelton got busy in 1910 because of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Men from Ontario seemed to be best adjusted to life out west. More on Hope. A story of Bill Miner, a famous train robber and a Robin Hood type figure, who was also a prospector. After one train robbery, Bill Miner rode a split-hoofed horse from the scene; the police tracked the horse and caught Miner in 1903. More stories about Miner and his generosity. Mines in the area are overviewed. A description of the survey of Allison Pass in 1906.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0004
RECORDED: Hope (B.C.), 1963-03-24 & 25
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues with his story about surveying Allison Pass near Princeton around 1905/1906. He describes the Whitworth Ranch in the Skagit Valley in 1907 at the time of a gold strike. He mentions several prospectors and discusses how Indians burned off the sides of the mountains to create easier passage to Gibson Pass. Whitworth lived in the Skagit Valley from 1903 to 1910. More stories about prospecting for gold around Yale and taking up land and prospecting at Stuart Lake. He describes what kind of man a prospector is: an optimist. The weather around Hope and how it affects the people working. The "Mill Run" around Hope is a ditch which runs at the foot of the mountain for irrigation. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret continues with more on Hope. He describes the school at Hope with stories about families such as the Bears, how the children dressed, and stories about what the day consisted of. Mr. Starret offers other childhood memories such as milking cows, learning to hunt, sapping trees, a particularly harsh winter, and life in the summer as a child.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0005
RECORDED: Hope (B.C.), 1963-03-24 & 25
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues with more stories about growing up in Hope in the 1890s, such as planting potatoes, riding horses, getting water for his mother with his brother Bill, turning hay and swimming. Then he tells a story about going up to the Nicola country to turn hay with his brother when he was twenty-one. He eventually got a job for Harry Gibbs at the Babine Salmon Hatchery in 1911. He tells a story about ordering a pipe to repair a leak and life at the hatchery that summer. Mr. Starret describes how flat boats took supplies all over the province. Mr. Starret tells the Indian (Babine Tribe, Stuart Lake Tribe) story about the legendary figure Astace and the creation of the Skeena River, as it was told to him. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret continues with his narrative about the origin of the Skeena River. Mr. Starret describes the landscape around Hazelton and the Skeena River. He discusses the differences in how white people and Indians treat their animals, such as pack dogs and horses. He talks about native people greeting Father Nicholas Coccola at Babine, and the schools, people and reserves in the area.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0006 track 1
RECORDED: Hope (B.C.), 1963-03-24 & 25
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret discusses boats: every boy knew how to row; all the fishing boats passing through Hope to get to Westminster; and native people's boats. More on mining in the area and the origins of names of places in the Hope region, with a description of the geography and people. He supposes that Hope was established before Yale and offers an explanation as to why. Soon after Yale became a more significant town. Mr. Starret tells stories of crossing lakes with Indians as guides. [end of 1963 interview]

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0006 track 2
RECORDED: Silver Creek (B.C.), 1964-07-02
SUMMARY: TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells stories about Bill Bristol, a mail carrier from New Westminster to Yale, who employed an Indian crew to work with him. Mr. Starret describes Bristol's physical appearance and the way he acted. Mr. Starret tells a story Bristol told him about Mr. Starret's father as a young prospector who discovered a lead near Hope. More stories about Bristol.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0007
RECORDED: Silver Creek (B.C.), 1964-07-02
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes Bill Bristol's daughter, Maisie, who was sent to a private boarding school in Hope; she later married an old sailor named Bears and had six or seven children, all boys but one. He discusses Bristol's death in early winter 1909/1910. Mr. Starret offers anecdotal material about residents of Hope in the 1890s, such as Mrs. Flood (a school teacher), and physical features of Hope, such as the characteristics of picket fences. Mr. Starret offers further description of the Babine region while he lived there from October 1909: the Hudson's Bay posts and activities such as fur trading, the gold rush on McConnell Creek in 1908, stories of old timers; stories of getting into the area along the Fraser River and Dewdney Trail; more about the geography around Babine; mail carriers and what was involved in such an enterprise, a story about an old time prospector named Jim May who worked on Tom Creek and more old timers. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret talks about trading posts on the Skeena; the Babine Indians and times they had been attacked, raids, and a story an Indian woman told his mother about catching a wolverine. Mr. Starret tells an involved story of a trip he took one spring near Hazelton to locate a homestead, and experiences with Indians, including detailed geography. Then he tells the story of a journey to Round Lake to look at some land for his uncle which was being sold, including characters he met along the way and some geography.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0008
RECORDED: Silver Creek (B.C.), 1964-07-02
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret tells a story about 'Blaze' Rogers who blazed all the roads around Hazelton, and trips around the Babine region in all kinds of weather. Stories about life with his uncle, C.V. Smith, in Hazelton in 1909, including stories his uncle had told him about the Indians at Babine. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0009
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-08-13 & 14
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes the landscape and roads around Hope in 1900 by comparing it to what it is like in 1964. In his description, he offers several anecdotes including one about a Chinese man who died, Cariboo Joe Tunnel near Chapman, a dig of ninety feet below water to get to bedrock, men, Bill and Joe Lapworth and the Johnson family, who worked on the railway at Hope Station when he was a child in the 1890s, and stories involving the boat that the Johnson family used to get to school. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret continues his stories about the boat in which the family thought one of their uncles had died, but he returned. Mr. Starret describes the first roads built in the 1870s at Hope which went around the lake to Chilliwack, and the first settlements he can remember including Jones Hill, and names of local Indian reserves. Mr. Starret tells the story of how Catz Landing got its name by Captain John Irving and the story of Murderer's Bar in 1858. Stories of old timer Manuel Alvarez, who was from Chile and married an Indian woman, and his eldest son Tom Alvarez, and the first mail carriers in the area. The history of mail carrier Bill Bristol including his real first name, events in his life, land given to him as a wood yard, his route from Westminster to Yale until the railway came in 1885.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0010
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-08-13 & 14
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: More stories about Bill Bristol and how he used to canoe to Yale before the road was built, and how he disliked paddling downstream. As a testament to Bristol's faithfulness as a mail carrier, he was given a watch with an inscription when he retired. Anecdotes about Steve Tingley who worked for the Barnard Express. Mr. Starret tells a story about the log cabin in the Otter Valley where Ed Tingley (Steve's nephew) lived. Mr. Starret learned to dance there in 1905. More on Bill Bristol and his problems taking a canoe upstream. More stories told to Mr. Starret by Bill Bristol, such as a bear shooting a man in a tree in Tete Jeune Cache during the gold rush. He describes the area where he believes Simon Fraser first landed. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells the story of a Hudson's Bay company worker named Greenwood, the man whom Greenwood Island is named after, and a story of Mr. Yates who was a clerk in the 1880s. Stories of reactions to the first telephone in the area, followed by a description of Mr. Yates and more stories about him. Mr. Starret describes the development of Hope and the migration route. He discusses cattle drives on the Yale road, and the need to burn timber to create land to feed the cattle in the 1860s.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0011
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-08-13 & 14
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues with more on cattle drives near Hope in the 1890s including how the cowboys dressed. Mr. Starret discusses the layout of Hope from his earliest memories, his family's ranch outside of Hope, old timers, the mill at Hope, and wagons used at the time. He describes the oldest hard rock mine in BC, which is nine miles outside of Hope, mined in the 1860s and called Silver Creek, and the trails nearby. The twenty-mile belt-line from Silver Creek to the railroad was built in 1906 by a man who died on the Titanic. Mr. Starret describes sporting events in the area, such as the horse races on May 24th. He tells a story of how sixteen-year-old Luke Gibson, of the Chilliwack Gibson family, was racing a horse whose leg broke in the race. More stories about race-day and killing a bear in Hope. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells a story about waiting for a steamboat and he mentions several characters in Hope such as Mr. Wardel. More on Murderer's Bar and the river nearby, the Walkum family and their land on Murray Creek; a ditch that collapsed and killed some Indians; Hope Mountain and the surrounding landscape. Mr. Starret offers his first impressions of Silver Creek and stories of how ore was discovered in the 1860s; Hugh Stoker was one of the first investors. A description of the mountains, Silver Peak and Holy Cross, and how they were named. Mr. Starret describes a hike up to the Eureka Mine with his father and his neighbor Fred Bears in August 1897, including details of the supplies they brought with them, plants they encountered such as hemlock bark, the campsite, the trail they traveled, and a stump they encountered which had a mark in it (which was still there when he revisited 50 years later).

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0012
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-08-13 & 14
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues with his story up to the Eureka Mine with details of the meals they ate, more on the forks and geography of the trail, the cabin at the mine, dynamite and how to light it, spending the night in the cabin, morning at the cabin, the trail to the Victoria mine, Fred slipping on the hard snow, finding crystallized quartz and copper ore, searching out the Eureka tunnel, going home and details about Fred Bears. Mr. Starret discusses other camping trips and other thoughts looking back on the Eureka trip. He discusses how his father spent time looking for an ore vein, and the differences in the smells from a hay field to the timbers of the mountains. Mr. Starret discusses other mountains and roads near the Mr. Starret ranch. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret discusses weather: clouds on the mountains as compared to those in the northern interior, and a story about a dance and a hard snowfall of four feet, eight inches. Mr. Starret tells a story about being afraid of animals at night and details of beds, bedding, night clothes and customs when he was a child. He offers insight into freedoms and restrictions of his life as a child, such as what would be eaten for breakfast and the tap used for water.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0013
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-08-13 & 14
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues describing a typical day of what life was like in Hope as a boy in the 1890s: his father would get up and light a fire first thing in the morning and make coffee, shoes they wore as compared to shoes of the 1960s, feeding the chickens and ducks, and breakfast. Mr. Starret digresses and discusses his father's eating customs and his appearance, and Mr. Starret's impressions of his father when he was a child. Mr. Starret then discusses his mother's appearance, and her life as a teacher. Mr. Starret describes what life was like while he lived alone on the ranch with his father while his mother taught in Victoria. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells a story about when he and his brother Will were working on a ranch in September 1909 when his mother asked one of the boys to join her in a trip to Hazelton to stay with her brother. Mr. Starret joined his mother and explains details about the trip and what Hazelton was like in 1909, when he was twenty-one, his uncle's home, stories about what his life was like in the area, and traveling in the winter to establish a ranch.

CALL NUMBER: T4084:0001 RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1981-09-22 SUMMARY: An oral history interview with Hannah "Mickey" Dorsey and Eve Chignall, pioneers in the Chilcotin region. TRACK 1: Mickey Dorsey (born 1910 [1911]) recalls her childhood in Vancouver and Bella Coola; early adulthood; marriage; teaching at Anahim Lake; childbirth. TRACK 2: Eve Chignall recalls giving birth in Tatla Lake, where she moved in 1935; ranch work; marriage. Mickey Dorsey talks about pack; trains; relationship with native women on the reserve; isolation; medical emergencies with children.; CALL NUMBER: T4084:0002 RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1981-09-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mickey Dorsey: family life, living conditions; getting water, provisions, clothing; teaching at Rose Lake. TRACK 2: More on school teaching: started Indian school at Anahim Lake (first in ar;ea); moved to Williams Lake to put two youngest children through high school; taught in Williams Lake for 13 years (taught coninuously, 1930-1976); changes in teaching methods.; CALL NUMBER: T4084:0003 RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1981-09-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mickey Dorsey describes the routine of a typical spring day with four children, five years old or younger; setting trap lines in early morning; carrying water on yokes; fording a stream. TRA;CK 2: Family history (current); cattle drive and cattle train to Vancouver; sounds of the Anahim area -- birds, coyotes, snow, spring break-up; changes in life style, attitudes, new equipment, etc.;

CALL NUMBER: T1272:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Milo Fougner : arrival of Norwegian colonists in Bella Coola, 1894 PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1936 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Milo Fougner describes the early years of his life (born 1905). He begins with his first impressions of his first trip to Bella Coola including the first sawmill he ever saw, the influence of; the Church in his childhood, the arrival of Norwegian colonists in 1894, the lack of medical personnel, Sunday school at the Lutheran Church, the choir, poetry, organ music, the origins of the majority of the colonists, B.F. Jacobsen's arrival in Bella Coola, details of the colonists arrival in Bella Coola, the reception of the Indians on canoes, and the rivalry with Hudson's Bay people. TRACK 2: Fougner continues with details about life in the colony: transportation, land clearing, Rev. Saugstad, politics, the death of Rev. Saugstad, leadership of the colony after his death, the celebration;s on October 30th, the background of his father (Ivor Fougner), the adaptability of certain colonists, Milo's own life in the colony during the Depression years, industrial activities in the colony in;cluding logging and fishing, and details about the telegraph.

CALL NUMBER: T1272:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Milo Fougner : memories of Bella Coola colony between 1912 and 1940 PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Milo Fougner discusses the effects of World War I on the colonists, his father's occupations, and his own feelings toward Indians. Then he discusses the skills, knowledge, slavery, potlatches; and burial ceremonies of Indians. He then discusses growing up with Indian children and funerals including "crying hats". TRACK 2: Milo Fougner tells a story of Mr. Goldbloom who was a fur buyer fro;m 1919-1938, the name Klemtu, Lord Tweedsmuir's visit, nurse Jane Bryant, the Hudson's Bay Post in 1886, Fort McLoughlin, HBC Factor John Clayton, artists Mildred Valley Thornton and Emily Carr, the possibility of the railroad terminus at Bella Coola from 1912-1918, the Dunvegan Railroad, Milo's projections of Bella Coola as an oil line terminus, and cattle drives from 1928-1930.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview for the CBC television program "This Land Of Ours", Mr. Floyd "Pan" Phillips talks about life as a rancher in the Chilcotin. Mr. Phillips discusses cattle drives and difficulties; anecdotes about an encounter with a bear; how he and his partner Richmond Hobson founded Home Ranch; further discussion of cattle drives; the first winter he spent at Home Ranch; packing supplies; driving cattle in the winter; and wolves. TRACK 2: Mr. Phillips discusses the isolated life in the back country; his background; how he came north with Hobson to start Home Ranch, and how the ra;nch developed.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Percy Hance talks about some aspects of life around Hanceville in the Chilcotin, 1870 to 1920. Mr. Hance tells the story of how his father, Orlando Thomas Hance, came to the Chilcotin, started a store, took up land, built a mill and met his wife, Percy's mother. Hance discusses Indians in the area, a story about George Meyers, his father's fur trade and his store. Mr. Hance describes other early ranches in Chilcotin, Becher's at Riske Creek, Christmas in Hanceville, winters, childhood, names of settlers in the area, a story about a remittance man, round-ups, and changes in range land.

TRACK 2: Mr. Hance describes cattle, dances and social events. Then Hance discusses driving the mail, Indians at Anahim Lake and at Hanceville, cattle drives to Ashcroft. Finally, Mr. Hance describes how he used to keep the jail, and law and order in Chilcotin.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-03 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Robert Henry Carson remembers the Carson Ranch at Pavilion. He discusses his grandfather, Hugh Magee, who settled on the Fraser River; his father Robert Carson, born 1841, died 1911, came from Scotland and settled in Pavilion in 1864; a cattle drive to Vancouver in 1887 with Robert Carson, Richard Hoey and Pecullah Kosta; the dispute over water rights; his father taking up land on the lower benches; a new style of ranching; school; the family home; stories about Richard McBride, Pauline Johnson and John Oliver; anecdotes; and water rights legislation.

TRACK 2: The story of water rights is continued as well as Indian ranch hands; selling surplus hay in Clinton; childhood memories of the stage between Clinton and Lillooet; parents; how he left the ranch in 1909; worked on a survey crew; worked in real estate in Vancouver from 1910 to 1914; colourful characters back at the ranch, such as Dave Williams and Cataline.

RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Spencer Hope Patenaude describes how he came to 150 Mile House from Quebec with his father, Joseph P. Patenaude, around 1896. He describes his memories of 150 Mile house, how he came there from Ashcroft, and the Bachelors Ball, which was a three day party with about 600 people from all around the area in the winter. Then he describes how he moved to a ranch in Williams Lake with his family in 1898. He describes the area and his memories, the Primrose Dairy, the trails in the area, English settlers who were unprepared for BC. Patenaude tells a story of a cattle drive of 1,500 miles to Dawson Creek from Williams Lake to make a fortune -- which proved to be unrealistic, and almost all were lost. He discloses how his family moved to a ranch in Horsefly which was 600 acres or so with 150 head of cattle. He describes Horsefly as a gold mining town and the town as he remembers it. He discusses his school years including a time in Victoria at the Collegiate College at Beacon Hill, run by Mr. Church, in 1900 and 1901. He goes on to speak about how he became a telegraph operator when he was sixteen. He describes how the telegraph system was set up and how he worked within the telegraph for 47 years. Then he mentions the progress of the railroad which never quite reached Prince George.

TRACK 2: Mr. Patenaude describes the area around Vanderhoof including the roads around Black Creek to Prince George. He describes how he went to the area, a story about a Chief of the Black Water Tribe named Jimmy who had the ability to foresee who was coming to the area with great accuracy, a man named Dr. Ringwood, and observations and anecdotes about trusting Indians. Patenaude goes on to describe his job as a telegraph operator, the installation of howler telephones in 1910, stories about a phone operator named Bob who was caught eavesdropping, telephone lines, and teamsters.

CALL NUMBER: T0421:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACKS 1 & 2: Mr. Talbot Bond discusses his life: born in London, emigrated to Douglas Lake, BC, in 1903; a description of the trip across Canada; anecdotes about ranching at Douglas Lake.

CALL NUMBER: T0421:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Douglas Lake Ranch and its neighbours are described; anecdotes about cowboys; the McLean brothers; cattle drives to Kamloops; a description of Kamloops in 1905; repetition of the story of his emigration and the mail service. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0667:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. William Brennan discusses his early years; coming to Kamloops because of lung troubles; Kamloops described; cattle drives to the railroad; joined survey for CNR along the North Thompson; driving logs down river. TRACK 2: Brennan describes cattle drives from Nicola country; cows; horses; Sam Pau, who was an Indian cowboy; an incident with cattle on a bridge; pre-war Englishmen in BC; Fruitlands Company buying up ranches; Roper of Cherry Creek; Bill Miner trial and escape; Bill Miner's life as a prospector and church supporter; and Bill Fortune's comments.

CALL NUMBER: T0667:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Brennan continues with anecdotes about Bill Fortune and his wife; Bill Miner stories; Haney brothers train robbery; remittance men in Kamloops; Rideau school at Musian Flats; Father Morice and Father Le Jeune, who gave Indian names to CPR stations. TRACK 2: Talented priests; Indian quest in Red River rebellion; passion play; Indians then and now; Father Le Jeune's Chinook newspaper;, "Kamloops Wawa"; the Indian schools then and now; more on Bill Fortune and ranches.