SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Alex Pouttu RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-11 SUMMARY: Alex Pouttu discusses: born in Sointula, 1907; father was one of first colonists; fishing and logging; father built own house, it's still there now; school; started working, 1923 in logging camp; worked in 34 different logging camps on the coast; fishing; farming; weather; plays; Finnish organization; war experience; carving; good place to grow up. (End of interview)

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Alfred Williams RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1979-08 SUMMARY: Alfred Williams discusses his early life at Sointula: life at Sointula; Rivers Inlet; Darby Channel; Ocean Falls; Johnstone Straight; Malcolm Island; Rough Bay; Fort Rupert; Bull Harbour; hoochies; humpies; highliner; Finnish Organization.

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0018 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Alfred Williams RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-10 SUMMARY: Alfred Williams discusses: his background- third generation Finnish-Canadian, born 1921, mother's family was one of original groups that came to Sointula; father came from Lake Superior when he was 6 years old; educated himself through books he ordered on subjects he was interested in; worked on construction of store and school; honesty was an important value in the community; always interested in politics; getting involved with the Finnish organization when he was young. Mrs. Williams comments on hearing about Iso aiti "Great Mother", even though her family lived in Vancouver. Alfred Williams discusses: Finnish culture; getting into trouble at school; getting his own boat in 1938; difficulties of this lifestyle; food and diet. CALL NUMBER: T4031:0019 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Alfred Williams RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-10 SUMMARY: Alfred Williams: first time he went to Cape Scott; fishing gear; politics; characters of the time; goals of community founders- individuals not radicals, haven for communists; people involved in the war effort; differences between the old days and now in the area; Fraser River backyard boats; description of the fishing operation. CALL NUMBER: T4031:0020 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Alfred Williams RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-10 SUMMARY: Mrs. Williams discusses what life was like when she first went up to Sointula: people did not know she was Finnish; everyone knew everyone; much more communal lifestyle in Sointula -- no hurry, lots of friends; seeing grouses. (End of interview)

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Alfred Williams and Olavi Anderson RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1979-08 SUMMARY: Alfred Williams and Olavi Anderson discuss: Suquash mine; Rough Bay; Kaleva; Toivo Aro; Pulteney Point; Keisler; Hylton brothers; Mandie.;

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Annie Engebretson : Bella Coola colony and Anahim Lake PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1934 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Annie Engebretson (nee Lunos or Lunaas) discusses her father Jacob J. Lunaas' arrival in Bella Coola from Minnesota to the Saugstad colony in 1895. She then discusses their first three years in the colony, leaving for Victoria in 1900, moving to Anahim Lake for health reasons (1903-1916), the four different trails to Anahim Lake from Bella Coola, sellers and Indians and families at Anahim; Lake, and stories about Ben Franklin and Capoose. TRACK 2: Engebretson continues with more on settlers and inhabitants at Anahim Lake (1898-1913), Father Thomas, and the possible origin of the different physical appearance of Bella Coola Indians.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Annie Levelton recalls early life in the Bella Coola Valley (1895) RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Annie Levelton describes her arrival in Bella Coola when she was four years old from Norway. Then she discusses her mother and the challenge of moving to such a remote area and credit is given to Mr. Clayton who was the Hudson's Bay factor (1895) who made sure that no one starved. She discusses her father (Erasmus Levelton) and his coming to Minnesota, Rev. Christian Saugstad, her mother,; and relations with the Bella Coola Stikine. Then she tells a story of how her life was saved by the famous Indian Capoose, and two anecdotes about bears. She discusses working on Bella Coola's road building, fishing, Mrs. Clayton, her mother's nursing, and Hagensborg. TRACK 2: Annie Levelton recalls carrying stoves, other goods, and equipment over the creek. Then she relates Ole Saugstad's muscular exploits.

CALL NUMBER: T1016:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The Finnish community at Sointula, B.C. RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967-06-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arvo Tynjala was born in 1897 and discusses the origins of Sointula. The arrival of the Tynjala family at Sointula in 1902. Early activities and settlers at Sointula. The meaning of the name.; Early buildings and living arrangements. The fire of 1903. TRACK 2: The fire of 1903 and its consequences. Plants and animals around Sointula. Fishing, lumbering. The end of the Kalevan Kansa Colonization Co. Ltd. Early settlers. Leaders of the community.

CALL NUMBER: T1016:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The Finnish community at Sointula, B.C. PERIOD COVERED: 1902-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967-06-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arvo Tynjala discusses printing "Aika". The Finnish library. Opposition to religion. Temperance. Education. Athletics. Finnish organization and co-op store. Saunas. Fishing and working in the; canneries. TRACK 2: Fishing work in canneries. Chinese people. Native people. Farming. Finnish Sointula songs. Meaning of Kalevan Kansa.

SUMMARY: (1) "Tidewaters" was the 13th program in "From the Mountains to the Sea", a series about the history and people of British Columbia's regions, based on oral history interviews recorded by Robert (later Imbert) Orchard. It deals with the people who lived at different parts of the British Columbia coastline. The outer coast of British Columbia and the story of some of the wrecks around Cape Beale. Settlers on the coast: the Finns of Sointula, the Norwegians of Bella Coola, and the people who settled at the north end of Vancouver Island. Also the coastal Indians: the Haidas and their huge canoes, and the Nootka whale-hunters. Voices heard include: Ethel Cadorin, Edward Joyce, Annie Hayes, Ted Levelton, Milo Fougner, Arvo Tynjala, Frank Hole and Chief William Scow. The Hamatsa songs were performed by Mary Johnson, Annie Hayes, and Arvo Tynjala; another song was sung by Dick Willy. (2) In a concert from the Courtenay Youth Music Camp, Simon Streatfield conducts the Faculty Orchestra in works by; Vivaldi, Bach and Respighi, with soloists Steven Staryk, Otto Eifert and Ray Still. NOTE: Only the "Tidewaters" documentary is on this tape, which is tape 1 of 2.

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0021 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Charles Henry Peterson and Sally Peterson RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-11 SUMMARY: Sally Peterson discusses: school and her childhood; farming (her father was Teodar Tanner); picnics; community activities- dances, band; mother came here from Washington state; father's character. Charles Peterson: early logging experiences (Mission area); logging truck driver experiences- North Vancouver, Malcolm Island, Port McNeill, problems on hills, runaway truck, 3 wrecks in 3 years.

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0022 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Charles Henry Peterson and Sally Peterson RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-11 SUMMARY: Charles Peterson: Great cedar on Malcolm Island; turntable for logging trucks at booming ground (description of this). Sally Peterson: not much work for women in Sointula in terms of a career; co-op annual meetings- all day affair, kids there for lunch; religion- parents did not need it; Sointula is a good place to bring up kids; few memories of the colony. (End of interview)

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-08-21 SUMMARY: Interview with elderly Finnish residents of Sointula, including Eino Ahola.;

RECORDED: [location unknown], [1977] SUMMARY: Interview with Minda Katainen and her experiences in Sointula.;

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0032 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Dickie Michelson RECORDED: New Westminster (B.C.), 1982-02-26 SUMMARY: Dickie Michelson discusses: growing-up in Sointula; school; grandparents; working; many fishing anecdotes; cooking; economics; describes areas he fished in; catching tuna; weather when fishing.

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0033 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Dickie Michelson RECORDED: New Westminster (B.C.), 1982-02-26 SUMMARY: Dickie Michelson: trolling; Alert Bay-Sointula had honest competition; risk involved in fishing; logging; community spirit; Sunday school; athletics club; characters; logging kept Sointula going when fishing was bad; dad was also a good logger; farming; cows. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T2521:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dora Moojelsky and Nastya Popoff, Glade, BC. TRACK 2: Moojelsky and Popoff, continued. Gloria Koorbatoff, Shoreacres, BC. People in Grand Forks, BC. Laura Moroso, Castlegar, BC. Jean Kan;igan, Castlegar, BC.; CALL NUMBER: T2521:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: TRACK 2: Jean Kanigan, continued. William and Polly Strellaeff, Winlaw, BC. Lucy Hoollieff, Pass Creek, BC. Catherine Popoff, Winlaw, BC. Mike Davidoff, Ootischenia, BC. TRACK 2: Mike Davidoff, co;ntinued. Peter and Patsy Makortoff, Ootischenia, BC.; CALL NUMBER: T2521:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Peter and Patsy Makortoff, continued. Fred Makortoff, Crescent Valley, BC. TRACK 2: Fred Makortoff, continued. Ann Demoskoff, Glade, BC. Mary Kazakoff, Ootischenia, BC. Ann Wasilenkoff, ;Glade, BC. Martha Rilkoff, Raspberry, BC.; CALL NUMBER: T2521:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Martha Rilkoff, continued. Nellie Verigin, Raspberry, BC. Vera Soukorukoff, Taghum, BC. Mike Gleboff, Ootischenia, BC. Annuta Makaeff, Ootischenia, BC. Fenya Rezansoff, Ootischenia, BC. Maria Ev;dokimoff, Castlegar, BC. TRACK 2: Maria Evdokimoff, continued. Helen Chernenkoff, Castlegar, BC. Ann Postnikoff, Shoreacres, BC. Mable Evdokimoff, Robson, BC.; CALL NUMBER: T2521:0005 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 CALL NUMBER: T2521:0006 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 CALL NUMBER: T2521:0007 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Edel Hammer : Bella Coola colony at Hagensborg, 1895-1896 PERIOD COVERED: 1895-1896 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Edel Hammer (nee Nordschow) describes her father and the arrival of her family in Bella Coola in 1895 including a description of the journey. She describes life in the colony, Rev. Christian Saugstad's death, Ole Saugtad stories, leadership after his death, relations with Indians, education and teachers, and cabin building. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Finnish Canadian interviews RECORDED: [location unknown], [1977?] SUMMARY: Interviews with Ernie Dalskog, Scottie Neish and Ozmo Lottie.;

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967-01-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. A (Ethel) Cadorin acts as a translator for her mother, Katri Riksman, who recalls the Finnish community of Sointula on Malcolm Island. Mrs. Riksman describes her father, Matti Riksman, ;and the beginnings of the Sointula community; earlier settlements in Nanaimo, Hoquiam and Australia. Then she discusses the ideals of Sointula and Kaleuan Kansa; her own impressions upon arrival in Sointula in 1902; the fire of 1903 and its consequences; and the breakdown of Sointula. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-06-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Eva Peterson discusses her reasons for coming to Cape Scott; life around San Josef Bay in 1912; her early background including her birth in Wisconsin in 1892; various Danish settlers in 1900; her family's arrival in Holberg in 1909; Fisherman's Bay; the origin of the Holberg name; the Fredrickson boys, Hans and Lars; the location of Cape Scott; and finding ambergris on the beach. TRACK 2: Mrs. Peterson continues with more on ambergris; then she offers the story of a man who found an airplane wreck; dances and other activities at San Josef Bay; Eva and her husband at Port Renfrew; a story about Jim Spooner in 1917; seals; cougar attacks; leaving and returning to Cape Scott; a story about strawberry picking for her uncle Henry Ohlsen; and Fredrickson's butter making.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967-06-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Fred Wastell describes the arrival of his father, Alfred Marmaduke Wastell, in Alert Bay in 1898, the beginning of the box factory, the Indian reservation at Alert Bay, the town from 1909; to 1920, transportation, race relations, potlatches (including their practice and suppression from 1900 to 1915), the Finnish commune of Sointula, prominent citizens of Alert Bay, industry, the trial;s of 'Big Head Tom', and religious life at Alert Bay. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0547:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life in Alert Bay, 1909-29, and Telegraph Cove, 1929-74 PERIOD COVERED: 1909-1974 RECORDED: Telegraph Cove (B.C.), 1974-08-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Fred Wastell describes: early life in Alert Bay; description of Alert Bay, ca. 1910; prominent families in Alert Bay, 1910-20; sawmill and Indian village at Alert Bay; potlatches at Alert Bay; visitors' accommodation at Alert Bay, 1920s; cannery and fish hatchery in Alert Bay and Nimpkish area. Description of Alert Bay, 1910-20: settlers around Nimpkish Valley, 1912; Tracey & Garland Logging Co; Hand logging Operations, 1920s; sawmill operation and Beaver Cove, 1918. TRACK 2: Fred Wastell discusses: labour problems at Alert Bay; problems with sawmill organization at Alert Bay, ca. 1920; Wood and English mill at Englewood, 1924-25; description of Mr. Wood and Mr. English; Telegraph Cove sawmill operation, 1929-74; saltery operation and problems at Telegraph Cove, 1929-37 Japanese business practices, 1930s; cannery influence on government policy, 1920-40; labour supply at Telegraph Cove mill, 1920-74.

CALL NUMBER: T0547:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life in Telegraph Cove, 1929-74 PERIOD COVERED: 1899-1974 RECORDED: Telegraph Cove (B.C.), 1974-08-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Life in Telegraph Cove. Personnel and Jobs. Building of the road to Telegraph Cove. Advantages of a large mill operation over a small mill. Sointula Finnish commune settlement. Social conditions in Telegraph Cove. The naming of Telegraph Cove. [TRACK 2: blank; end of interview.]

SUMMARY: "Tidewaters", number 13 in the series, is about the people who lived at different parts of the British Columbia coastline. The outer coast of BC, and the story of some of the wrecks around Cape Beale. Settlers on the coast: the Finns of Sointula, the Norwegians of Bella Coola, and the people who settled at the north end of Vancouver Island. Also the coastal Indians: the Haidas and their huge canoes, and the Nootka whale-hunters. Voices heard include: Ethel Cadorin, Edward Joyce, Annie Hayes, Ted Levelton, Milo Fougner, Arvo Tynjala, Frank Hole and Chief William Scow. The Hamatsa songs were performed by Mary Johnson, Annie Hayes, and Arvo Tynjala; another song was sung by Dick Willy.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Olavi Anderson, Sam Maki, Vivian Maki SUMMARY: Olavi Anderson: Finnish Organization; the labour movement; knowing everybody in Sointula; Makela was an educated man for the times- leader of the community. Sam Maki: bootlegger anecdote; fishing with his father; getting a power boat in the '50s; everyone acquired drums; boats are still well looked after in Sointula. Vivian Maki: going out in a boat named Vivian; staying on boat in Rivers Inlet for a month to fish in the summer; school in the fall and winter; both girls and boys got to fish in the boats; all the kids had to go out, so there was no one to stay home and babysit. (End of interview)

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Irene Michelson RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-12 SUMMARY: Irene Michelson discusses: coming to Sointula in 1905 as an infant (5 months old); school; chores at home- everyone had to pitch in; father's character (father was Teodar Tanner); hopes and dreams of colonists; active in plays and choir; anecdote about stage experience; picnic places; income from father's farm. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0030 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Janet and Ted Tanner RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-12 SUMMARY: Theodore Teuvo Tanner discusses early life in Sointula: born here; school days; fishing at Rivers Inlet; details about trolling and halibut fishing; made a home-made tractor; did not like chores; didn't like acting in plays. Janet Tanner: dances and plays important when she came to Sointula in 1925. Ted Tanner: his father was original co-op store member; father's character; fishing union details. Janet Tanner: born in 1918 in U.S.; went with family to Soviet Union; then to Sointula; first impressions of Sointula.

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0031 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Janet and Ted Tanner RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-12 SUMMARY: Janet Tanner: her father farmed in Sointula; discussion of saunas; describes May Day parade and sports; politics of Sointula. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T4031:0011 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Lester Ray Peterson RECORDED: Gibsons (B.C.), 1982-03-11 SUMMARY: Lester Peterson discusses his background: father's family to B.C.; helped establish colony at Cape Scott; Lester born 1917; WWI killed colony; promised road never really materialized; difficulties in transportation; more on his father- farming, mining; mother met father in San Josef and married him there; early twentieth century was a busy time for his family; uncle Henry Ohlsen's store; much cooperation in community; leadership; canneries built by grand-uncle; first settlers were Lutheran. CALL NUMBER: T4031:0012 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Lester Ray Peterson RECORDED: Gibsons (B.C.), 1982-03-11 SUMMARY: Lester Peterson discusses: Sointula history; his experiences fishing; the 1936 strike; union formation; opening of new canneries; the Japanese community; anecdotes about the Frederiksens; after gold rush subsided, the colony dispersed; colony was very serious at first about creating a truly cooperative way of life; Quatsino used to flourish, now it is in major disrepair. CALL NUMBER: T4031:0013 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Lester Ray Peterson RECORDED: Gibsons (B.C.), 1982-03-11 SUMMARY: Lester Peterson discusses: WWI; the promise of a road to Cape Scott; parks and trails in area now; trails are hard on the older people though; he is glad that Cape Scott is a park now, as there is no need for it to be a community. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T1272:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Milo Fougner : arrival of Norwegian colonists in Bella Coola, 1894 PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1936 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Milo Fougner describes the early years of his life (born 1905). He begins with his first impressions of his first trip to Bella Coola including the first sawmill he ever saw, the influence of; the Church in his childhood, the arrival of Norwegian colonists in 1894, the lack of medical personnel, Sunday school at the Lutheran Church, the choir, poetry, organ music, the origins of the majority of the colonists, B.F. Jacobsen's arrival in Bella Coola, details of the colonists arrival in Bella Coola, the reception of the Indians on canoes, and the rivalry with Hudson's Bay people. TRACK 2: Fougner continues with details about life in the colony: transportation, land clearing, Rev. Saugstad, politics, the death of Rev. Saugstad, leadership of the colony after his death, the celebration;s on October 30th, the background of his father (Ivor Fougner), the adaptability of certain colonists, Milo's own life in the colony during the Depression years, industrial activities in the colony in;cluding logging and fishing, and details about the telegraph.

CALL NUMBER: T1272:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Milo Fougner : memories of Bella Coola colony between 1912 and 1940 PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Milo Fougner discusses the effects of World War I on the colonists, his father's occupations, and his own feelings toward Indians. Then he discusses the skills, knowledge, slavery, potlatches; and burial ceremonies of Indians. He then discusses growing up with Indian children and funerals including "crying hats". TRACK 2: Milo Fougner tells a story of Mr. Goldbloom who was a fur buyer fro;m 1919-1938, the name Klemtu, Lord Tweedsmuir's visit, nurse Jane Bryant, the Hudson's Bay Post in 1886, Fort McLoughlin, HBC Factor John Clayton, artists Mildred Valley Thornton and Emily Carr, the possibility of the railroad terminus at Bella Coola from 1912-1918, the Dunvegan Railroad, Milo's projections of Bella Coola as an oil line terminus, and cattle drives from 1928-1930.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dreams of freedom : Olavi John Anderson RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1982-02-12 SUMMARY: Olavi John Anderson: born 1913 at Sointula; background of father; boat building in 1918; dad's fishing; Olavi started fishing in 1936 in Johnstone Straight- then big strike; father was educated; school- learning English; Mr. Christensen; Finnish culture; Finnish organization; fishing union; his daughter still works in co-op office; discusses what he learned at school; current events, politics; hungry '30s- better for those in Sointula than city dwellers. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T4135:0004 PERIOD COVERED: 1913-1983 RECORDED: Castlegar (B.C.), 1983-10-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Biographical information. Father wants to leave Doukhobor faith; comes to Brilliant in 1913; anecdote about immigrant train; communal life in Brilliant; privation of settlers; graft in commune; father quits commune and moves to Grand Forks; mother, ostracized because her husband left, leaves commune. Anecdote about Grand Forks brothel. Father moves to Trail; family moves to Blaine Lake, Saskatchewan; life in Blaine Lake; moves back to Trail in 1924; train and boat trip back; anecdote about boat ride; child molester; anecdote, father leaded in 1928; 1927 polio outbreak. TRACK 2: Recovery from polio; high school in Trail; father sick; Normal School in Victoria; Mr. McClarren, (principal) started first Doukhobor schools; teaching certificates; back to Trail in 1931; Doukhobor school trustee, Mr. Sheffield, offers her a job; anecdote about Sheffield coming to her house; teaches at Ootischenia school for 114 dollars a month. School in cobbler's shop; teacherage in commune; trials and tribulations of teaching; Sons of Freedom children returned from foster homes; salary cut to 90 dollars a month; moves to Glade, becomes principal; accident kills several teachers; Major Clarke takes over from Sheffield; Glade school bombed in 1936; rebuilt school burned same year it was rebuilt; was paid to call the roll at burned school to keep it open; anecdote about poor heat in school; guard at Glade School; reminiscences about recreation at Ootischenia; anecdote about Glade ferry. CALL NUMBER: T4135:0005 PERIOD COVERED: 1913-1983 RECORDED: Castlegar (B.C.), 1983-10-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Anecdotes about Glade ferry; recreation; relief camp at Shoreacres; ferry operation; relief camp worker anecdote; transients calling for food and clothing during the Depression; anecdote about clothing; KC jam factory; Brilliant Doukhobor library; Depression life and commerce; local economy of the Kootenays; CPR and local economy; first radio in Ootischenia; Pat Romaine on local economy; dances at the Castlegar community hall; anecdote about courting; Swedish immigrants in Castlegar; immigration during the 1920s; Ukrainians in Castlegar; Eremenko's first store; Plotnikoff's store; White Russians arrive in the 1920s; Castlegar boomed with car pools; bought land in 1943. TRACK 2: Kinsman Park donated to city; Pauline meets Pat Romaine; father in hospital; courting Pat Romaine; anecdote about homemade beer in Trail; anecdote about a dance at Deer Park; moving to Castlegar in 1944; brother killed at Cominco; father leaded at Cominco; moved in with parents; lead poisoning and compensation; brother killed on hill; Pat Romaine on unionism; conditions before unions; move to Deer Park; electioneering in Deer Park; party at road opening; Robert Sommers as Social Credit candidate; Pauline hired as teacher; bad feelings against her as a teacher; rewards of working with children. CALL NUMBER: T4135:0006 RECORDED: Castlegar (B.C.), 1983-10-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: How the children she taught turned out; discussion of modern school politics; one room school in Deer Park; difference in lifestyles; feuding between neighbours in Deer Park; fruit farm goes down hill; local packing house; [steam?] boats taken off lake in 1954; employment lost with boats; CPR buying policy; gyppo logging on lake; log picking; Renata fruit box factory; local economy dries up; Procter maraschino cherry factory; changing fruit markets; good fruit refused; pig farming; anecdote about pig farming; BC Tree Fruits; anecdote about fruit from Australia; Grand Forks war time seed farms; fruit market during the war; forestry employed people to cut fire trails and to work as fire lookouts. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUMMARY: This program tells the story of the Norwegian settlers of the Bella Coola Valley, and their leader, the Rev. Christian Saugstad. The voices of Annie Levelton, Ted Levelton and Milo Fougner are heard.

CALL NUMBER: T3982:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Phyllis Hill RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1982-07-28 SUMMARY: Interview with Phyllis Hill on the subject of Cape Scott and her childhood there. Discussion of photographs of Cape Scott subjects.

CALL NUMBER: T3982:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Phyllis Hill RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1982-07-28 SUMMARY: Recollections of school days, church, people (including teacher, minister), first and only marriage at Cape Scott, various other people, general store, post office at Fisherman's Bay, Sucharti, Scandinavian influence at Cape Scott. (End of interview)

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Richard John Michelson : Finnish commune 1901-1906 PERIOD COVERED: 1901-1915 RECORDED: Sointula (B.C.), 1972-05-04 SUMMARY: Richard John Michelson was born in 1894 and lived in a Finnish commune in Sointula from 1901-1906. He discusses the problems of communal life, as well as Sointula from 1909 to 1915.;