CALL NUMBER: T0904:0001 - 0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Margaret F. Draper remembers her childhood at Crawford Bay. She offers her memories of coming out to Canada in 1905 as a child on the SS "Vancouver" from Liverpool; her adventures on the train from Montreal to Winnipeg; her parents deciding to come to Nelson; her father, Frederick W. Simpson, bought land at Crawford Bay; reasons for coming to Canada and why they had to stay; her father was a school teacher and her mother, Eve Simpson, was a nurse. She describes her mother and Edith Cavell and the World War I soldiers' tuberculosis sanitariums at Balfour, B.C., from 1917 to 1918. Her mother found the adjustment to the new life in Canada difficult; no servants. Their house burned down in 1908; her father had a private income; bought land at Crawford Bay and she describes the move from Nelson to Crawford Bay. TRACK 2: Mrs. Draper continues with the family's move to Crawford Bay; her first days at Crawford Bay; Jack Horton and his family; starting school; her father was a volunteer teacher; the development of the Crawford Bay settlement; remittance men; Commander and Mrs. Harrison; the first years of fruit growing; Kootenay Indians; Pete and Martha who were two Kootenay Indians; and the Gray Creek settlement.

CALL NUMBER: T0904:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Draper continues with more on Kootenay Indians, such as their clothing and details about trapping; Edward "Teddy" Wakefield's store; the Farmer's Institute in 1914; the impact of World War I; the impact of the Depression; the highway; 1947 steamers and tugboats on Kootenay Lake; regattas and races; the Pilot Bay community; the family named their farm St. Dunstan's Ranch after a boys' school in England; the Burden and Watson sawmill in 1908; clearing land; George Zimmer; August "Gus" Hout and more on Teddy Wakefield. TRACK 2: Mrs. Draper concludes with a description of how William "Will" Bayliss captures everyday events in cartoons; an anecdote about "greenhorns"; recreation and amusements; boats from Gray Creek are described; tragedies; nostalgia; no church at Crawford Bay; weddings; Mr. William Goodwin; her father's death; her father in World War I, in Bonnington Falls and Field BC; a prisoner of war story; her mother as a nurse in the Crawford Bay area; and Eugene "Gene" Montreuil.

CALL NUMBER: T0346:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-05-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Maitland Harrison came from England in 1908 with hopes of fruit farming. He describes the area around Queen's Bay and Crawford Bay and some of the early settlers, including the Lord Aylmer and Atree families fruit farming conditions and the large home and grounds his cousin, Commander Matthew James Harrison, built at Crawford Bay. The abandoned settlement of Pilot Bay is described with the resident lighthouse keeper, Gene Montrey.

TRACK 2: The description of his cousin's home at Crawford Bay is continued. In 1911, Maitland purchased land at Shutty Bench close to Kaslo. He describes Kaslo's main street, social activities, winter, settlers; the Anderson family, Dave Kane, Sam Green, and John Shutty; employment, the coming of the railway, and World War I. After the war he returned to Shutty Bench, but found neighbours had moved away, and he decided to relocate to Howser where he started a logging business with a friend, Mr. Ainsworth.

CALL NUMBER: T0346:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-05-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Harrison continues his description of Howser, trails used for cattle transport, Duncan Lake, also known as Howser Lake, the Lardeau Valley, the town of Lardo and residents, Henry Hincks, Slim Hadfield, Charlie Hendrickson, Healy of Healy's Landing, Bill Simpson, the Matthew brothers, Spencer's City, and Ferguson.

TRACK 2: The tape continues with a discussion of "Red" McLeod's exploits. Daisy, Mrs. Harrison, joins in the discussion of local characters: Red McLeod, Bob Boyles, a local hunter, Sammy Loffman, "Snowslide Pete", Edgar Peterson, and Maude Healy. She talks about leaving England and coming to Bonnington where her father owned the Queen Bess Mine. An unidentified female, probably Daisy's mother, whose husband worked for the Queen Bess Mine, adds to the discussion.

CALL NUMBER: T0903:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss Lorna Lytle discusses how her father; Thomas Lytle, came to Crawford Bay from Saskatchewan in 1912 to become a fruit farmer. She offers reasons why he came and discusses the Kootenay l;and boom in 1912; how early fruit farming was not profitable; the journey from Saskatchewan; steamboats on Kootenay Lake; early transportation; stone boat trails; optimism of the region; the mining boom from 1898 to 1906; farming by 1912; George Zimmer; Ted Wakefield; an anecdote about a cougar; Prospector Bill's "bear story"; knives and more on the bear story. TRACK 2: Miss Lytle continues with; more on Prospector Bill's story in which two miners encounter a grizzly bear and a trapper gets killed. She discusses grizzly and black bears; hunting for food; caribou; an anecdote about a deer hun;t; more of her father Thomas Lytle and his birth in Ontario on 1873; his family moving to Norquay, Manitoba in 1879; pioneering at Norquay; moving to Winnipeg in 1898; homesteading in Quill Lake Saskatchewan from 1906 to 1911 and buying land at Crawford Bay in 1912.

CALL NUMBER: T0903:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss Lytle explains how her father; Thomas Lytle, acquired land at Crawford Bay in 1912. She discusses the fire of 1883; reforestation; building up the land; small fruit farming in 1912; agriculture including dairy and poultry and fruit in the Kootenay Lake region; the Bluebell Mine; first pre-emptions in 1894; the growth of Crawford Bay from 1898 to 1918; an anecdote about "greenhorn Englishmen"; raw hiding ore is explained; the Pilot Bay smelter; floatation process for separating zinc and lead; a story of Mike Johnson, who was a prospector; and the stores of Crawford Bay. TRACK 2: Miss Lytle offers memories of childhood sounds; childhood memories of the mountains; a discussion of smelter life; how food was plentiful; mountain surroundings versus the open prairies; trees; bir;ds; wildflowers; Professor Murray; effects of the mountains; nationalities of the settlers; British immigrants; present population of Crawford Bay as fluctuating; steamboats including the "Kokanee" whistle; a boiler blow up on the "Kokanee"; "Nasookin"; "Moyie", the work horse of the lake; schedules; impressions of Kootenay Lake; social life and recreation.

CALL NUMBER: T0903:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss Lytle continues with more on Crawford Bay; British immigrants; Kootenay Indians; place names; education; Crawford Bay life; and the Women's Institute. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-01-30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. and Mrs. Clark recall Gray Creek and the area from 1912 to 1920. Mr. Leonard Clark describes how he came to California and then on to BC in 1912; he purchased land at Gray Creek and worked on fruit farm development until 1914; the Gray Creek settlement as it was in 1912; returning to Gray Creek in 1919; the Smith family; Boswell; Crawford Bay; Nelson; and Doukhobors. Mrs. Katherine; Clark then discusses how Crawford Bay is also know as 'Dogpatch'; the people around Crawford Bay; Boswell; Gray Creek; Bill Fraser; Mrs. Russel; 'Ma' Fournier; Oscar Burden; the attitude of hotel owners; Crawford Bay's Commander Harrison; the population of Crawford Bay and more about 'Ma' Fournier. TRACK 2: Mrs. Clark continues with more on Oscar Burden's houseboat; her family, the Smiths, who ;arrived at Grey Creek in 1914; her first impressions; the journey; entertaining; the Gray Creek population was predominantly bachelors; Colin Hadden; Len Clark's place; a horse back riding tour with Mrs. Wakefield in 1915; R.T. Deane and the effect of the countryside.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-11 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Isabella Cummings (born January 1887, died August 1965) discusses the naming of Boswell in 1909; Captain Roland Ellis; James Johnstone; and the birth of her son Raymond. She explains how she came to Boswell in 1909 and grew strawberries. She describes the Valparaiso Mine in Sanca BC; incidents and life at Boswell; how the family came to Nelson in 1902; fruit marketing; nut trees; ;the first settlers and social life. TRACK 2: Mrs. Cummings continues by discussing forest fires; Crawford Bay; flagging down freight barges; an incident on a lake boat; a Kootenay Indian interpretation of Jonah and the Whale; Mr. S.J. Cummings, who was her husband; and a Kootenay Indian incident.

CALL NUMBER: T0934:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Harry Mawdsley talks about life in the Kootenay Lake region prior to 1900. He describes his family background and how he came to Crawford Bay in 1895. He discusses steamers; Crawford Bay in 1895; packing from Crawford Bay; trails; more about packing and adventures while packing; Silver Hill Mine; ore shipped to Nelson; Pilot Bay and Marysville smelters; lead and zinc separation; Pilot Bay and Crawford Bay settlement, and Gray Creek. TRACK 2: He continues with more on Silver Hill Mine and Rainville; parties; bringing in the first plough to Crawford Bay; his father-in-law, Alfred McClellan, at Pilot Bay; the sinking of the "Ainsworth"; races between the CPR and GN boats; Jean Montreuil; Dave Clarke; Morice; the railroad; the "Kuskanook"; more about the railroad; and grizzly hunting near Crawford Bay.

CALL NUMBER: T0934:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-09-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Mawdsley describes an incident while packing on St. Mary's trail; Charlie Sherwin; Ainsworth; practical jokes; hotels; mining; Nelson; Kaslo; Slocan; Fort Steele; St. Eugene Mission; more; about Fort Steele; CPR boats in the East Kootenays. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: Lac la Hache (B.C.), 1979-07-12 SUMMARY: Mrs. Mary Wright (nee Mary Melissa Keenan) tells of her childhood at Sandon, now a ghost town. Her mother was the first school teacher in Nelson. Describes varied nationalities at Shutty Bench (where she taught, 1913-14). Crawford Bay (1915-16), which changed location six times because of quarrels between English settlers on one side of creek and "Canadians" on the other. Different methods of teaching reading -- sight and phonic. Early readers. School concerts. "Agents" who charged teachers ten percent of salary for finding them jobs. Life at 115 Mile House. Well-known pioneers of the district. She married a local rancher. Describes community affairs.

RECORDED: Moyie (B.C.), 1975-05-05 SUMMARY: [No content summaries available for this interview.];

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Crawford Creek, B.C. RECORDED: Revelstoke (B.C.), 1975-02-26 SUMMARY: Family background; move to Lardeau area; comments on Ferguson and Beaton; move to Crawford Creek; farming in Crawford Creek; school days; worked at Halcyon Hot Springs; public health facilities; churches; information on husband; the Depression; Sidmouth; ferry service on south highway.

The sub-series consists of oral history interviews recorded in the Kootenay Lake region and mainly dealing with the history of that region from the 1830s to the 1960s, as well as the history of some communities in the Arrow Lakes and East Kootenay regions.