RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-06-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Albert Dalton Burt recalls his arrival in Vancouver in 1900; a description of Vancouver; his father George Burt, a cement finisher who paved the sidewalks of the West End. He recalls his; school days in Kitsilano; fishing at Pender Harbour and other spots; the types of fish; selling the fish in Vancouver. He describes jobs on the fishing boats and various experiences concurrent with ;the famous Johnson versus Jeffery boxing match; more anecdotes about fishing on the coast all the way to Alaska; details about halibut fishing and the schooners used; details on Irvines Landing and Madeira Park; and details about several characters around Vancouver. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-02-08 SUMMARY: An oral history interview with Alex Duthie, who started fishing on the B.C. coast in 1908. At the time of the interview, he was a crew member on the "Zodiac Light".

CALL NUMBER: T2049:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Art Moore RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-27 SUMMARY: Art Moore started fishing in 1930 when he got his first license. You were not allowed in those days to get a license until you were 14 years old. He tells of how he went fishing when he was 13 and hid in the boat from the fisheries officer, as he had no license. He says the fisheries officer knew he was there but he never interfered with Art. The license cost $1.00. That fisheries officer is dead now. Pollution so bad in the North Arm that the vast number of salmon going up has been drastically reduced, due to mills, etc. Claims that the mills dump their vats into the river when everyone is sleeping. Millions of fish have been killed by pollution. "If they don't watch this a little closer there won't be a salmon left". "The Fraser is the largest spawning salmon river in the world". Moore also attributes the decrease in salmon to the population explosion and consequential raw sewage outfall. Moore caught typhoid on the Fraser and also a disease on his face. Deep-water ships used to come into the Terra Nova Cannery. Now these ships can't get within 5 miles of the cannery on account of the fill on the river and the flats. Recounts a story of one of his friends, Mr. Takahashi, who celebrated the bombing of Pearl Harbour: "They actually believed that they were going to take our country". Of all they boys that Art Moore went to school with (in his last year) he is the only one still alive. Recounts the story of a classmate named Yeta who had poor eyesight and was a good friend of his. When Yeta was 18 he had to go to Japan for military training and he was put into the front lines (in a trench) in the Manchurian War and was machine-gunned to death by a bi-plane. Recounts the story of another friend who went to Japan for military training and came back selling bonds. Art Moore claims that the Japanese-Canadians got paid more for their boats and land than they ever paid for them. CALL NUMBER: T2049:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Art Moore RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-29 SUMMARY: Art Moore recounts stories of incidents concerning Japanese submarines on the B.C. coast during the War (the shelling of Estevan Point etc.) Recounts the story of Jack Homer who got a shell from a Canadian war vessel show through his bow (this happened on the B.C. coast).

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-16 SUMMARY: Art Moore started fishing in 1930. Harry Duff started fishing in 1934. Ed Peterson started fishing in 1936. The size of the boats have not changed much and there are still one man boats. The style of the boat has changed a little. Linen nets were used in Art Moore's time. Cotton nets were only used in emergencies. Linen nets were strong, made from Irish linen and were expensive. Net size and depth regulations are discusses. Art Moore first began to fish in the Middle Arm of the Fraser River in a "skiff" powered by hand. Most boats were originally made of wood. Harry Duff relates how electronics have changed fishing and navigation. Radio telephone, echo sounder, radar, automatic pilot, and sonar have all appeared since they started fishing in the 1930s. Art Moore has noticed no change in the quality of the salmon since 1930. The size of the salmon has decreased over the years, which Art Moore attributes to the numbers of fish spawning and the amount of feed available. Harry Duff says he enjoyed fishing during the War because he had more time to fish and the fish weren't quite so depleted. They discuss Japanese fishermen and their internment during the War. Art Moore states that pollution on the Fraser has become dangerous to the fishing industry: "Not only do you get indecency to the fish but to your own self".;

CALL NUMBER: T4133:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1984-03-28 & 30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Birth at Peguis Reserve, Manitoba; early memories of Swampy Cree people at Peguis Reserve; memories of father, Reverend A.W. [Amos William] Mayse; father's tales of the Boer War; fraternizing with the enemy; father emigrated to Canada; worked as a carpenter, became minister; father was in WWI; war wounds; was in Boer prison camp; earlier release by Jan Smuts; YMCA rep in WWI; back to Winnipeg; refused commission in Black and Tans; rural ministry in Manitoba; took salary partly in trade and had first pick of charity clothes; Mr. Mayse hated school; his father was self-taught and had a good library; read everything, including religious material; moved to British Columbia. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T4133:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1984-03-28 & 30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Living in [Port] Hammond BC; first work experience; father's church in Nanaimo; primitive conditions in the coal mines; clothing and equipment of miners; many beer parlours in Nanaimo; father's popularity; favorite fishing spots; anecdote of hazardous fishing trip; Turner rowboats prized; commercial fishing; early commercial fishing methods and boats; memories of Sointula fishermen; Sointula pukka fighting; Nanaimo miners fished for trout, not salmon; early trout fishing equipment; social consciousness; father never was a union miner; lied to get into army; South Africa; Reverend Mayse went underground in Nanaimo mine accidents; panic in town; miners invited Reverend Mayse underground, managers didn't argue; dynamite misadventure. TRACK 2: Continuation of dynamite misadventure with Rev. Mayse; vegetable garden; powder bosses; Reverend Mayse destroyed cars; pit ponies on islands; Italian miners; soccer important in Nanaimo; library; Millstream Park; rugby versus soccer; holidays with father; Chinese persecuted in Nanaimo; Chinese accused of taking jobs; few Chinese women or children; fight between Chinese and Haida boys; Chinese cooks; idyllic but racist town; Mr. Mayse and friends made a water cannon to frighten Chinese; backfire; collecting cascara bark for money; cruel pranks; fights with air guns and crossbows made from umbrellas; good shot with slingshot; gangs racially mixed; miners lived in southern Nanaimo; some of the cottages still there [as of 1984].

CALL NUMBER: T4133:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1984-03-28 & 30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Nanaimo childhood; Guy Fawkes day was celebrated as Bonfire night; Hallowe'en destructive; Nanaimo's tamale wagon; miners' children; fishing and writing at Cowichan Bay; Reverend Mayse sided with the workers; holidays at Cowichan Bay; acquiring a dugout canoe; shaman procured canoe by threats; Indian fishing methods; most gear was cedar; old style Cowichan sweaters described; Padre Cook of Cowichan; Queen Victoria medal; John Page and the medal; shaman had grape arbor and soul box; healing and hurting with soul box; rite of boys purification among Cowichans; Wolf Song was stolen from the Haida after the Battle of Sansum Narrows circa 1820 to 1840. Haida blamed for other raids; Haida slaughters and weapons used. Reverend Mayse left Mr. Mayse to his own way on holidays. TRACK 2: 38; pound salmon won prize; Bruce McKelvie; first sale of fiction; principal angry but kept on; Oyster River with Reverend Mayse; memories of old-timer James McIvor; washed ashore from sloop; McIvor ran cattle; threatened loggers; tea with McIvor; McIvor's customs; McIvor angry when offered help; McIvor's nephew visited briefly; tried to buy wife; McIvor fishing with haywire; hated cities; died in Comox in 1940's. Walter Woodiss, Oyster River old-timer, storyteller; tall tale of salmon; Woodiss's feud with a black bear and accidental killing of same; Woodiss's Inn; Percy Elsie "mayor of Oyster River"; fried chicken known as fried seagull; ghost at Comox; WWII airman at Comox rode his bicycle through "Dancing Annie".

CALL NUMBER: T4133:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1984-03-28 & 30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Indian rancherees; shaman Cultus Tommy; Chinook trade jargon terms; Padre Cook well loved; friend at Cumberland; stories of Ginger Goodwin; Cumberland memories of Ginger Goodwin and hostility to trial and government; Dominion police were hated, man hunters; no shame in evading the draft; met Cougar (Cecil) Smith; Mr. Mayse now lives in Cougar Smith's house; Cougar Smith's peculiarities; Roderick Haig-Brown, great Canadian writer; friendship with Haig-Brown; dam on the Campbell River broke his heart; last meeting with Haig-Brown; last impressions; better known outside Canada; Haig-Brown a fine and pioneering fisherman; fished steelhead. Mr. Mayse disliked high school; paid for clothing with poetry prize won at UBC three years in a row. TRACK 2: Mr. Mayse paid UBC tuition by logging in the summer under a false name; BC loggers and equipment; railroad logging; unions; woods accidents; logged Upper Vancouver Island; logging camp cooks; anecdote of 'foul feeder'; fight between logger and foul feeder; logging camp cook; flunkies, bed makers, logging camp pump tenders; eccentric and proud train men; high riggers; Harold Larson would post on a spar; woods near-misses; spark catchers jobs; bunkhouse moving accident; Paddy the straw boss; Paddy nearly caught in a blast; lemon extract mad man incident; bringing out man lost in the woods; gone mad, tried to escape his friends; wild Great Dane dogs abandoned in woods; harassed spark catchers; Mayse had to shoot one.

CALL NUMBER: T4133:0005 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1984-03-28 & 30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Great Danes hunted in Pike's Peak area; shot one; partner Paddy Gorman; Paddy attacked by a cougar while snoozing; scraps of loggers songs; never wrote them down, always regretted it; logging; company owners were remote; unions starting camps; decision logging versus writing; went to the Vancouver Province; space writing for Province; offered staff job; clannish and proud reporters; story of ascent of Mount Waddington; two expeditions at once; Mr. Mayse carried homing pigeons in a basket to file the story; rough country; beauty and tragedy of the pigeons; walking out to tidewater hungry; a ghost story at Leefall Point, Mount Waddington, where a climber had fallen to his death. TRACK 2: Worked at the Vancouver Province as Torchy Anderson's junior man; they covered a huge forest fire that threatened Campbell River and Courtenay on Vancouver Island [Sayward fire, 1938]; Torchy was Mr. Mayse's mentor and friend; longshoremen riots; Torchy was fearless; Torchy squealed when angry; his grandfather saw a Sasquatch; the Rum Tum Club and the Sonofabitch Club; creating a story on injured trapper at Mission. Mr. Mayse wrote police constable's report while drunk; cop demoted; Torchy and his wife Marion; moved to Saltspring Island; memories of Province newspaper women in 1930's Vancouver; wild party on Grouse Mountain; Christmas cheer and story of upside down reindeer; camps for single unemployed men; joining the American Newspaper Guild; had BC union card number 3; union's failure; left holding the bag; not fired but put behind the eight ball; refused marrying raise.

CALL NUMBER: T4133:0006 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1984-03-28 & 30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Mayse quit the Vancouver Province and joined the Vancouver Sun. The Sun was tougher and wilder; front page exclusives as revenge; union succeeded later; hostility to union. Mr. Mayse drafted and discharged for TB scars; army lost files; returned to the Sun as military writer; Mr. Gallagher, an alleged spy; moved to Toronto with no job, $100, a wife and a dog. Selective service twits said there were no jobs; walked into a job at Maclean's. Toronto run of luck; sold short stories to the Saturday Evening Post; break fiction editor of Maclean's; a few good Canadian writers; editor bought fiction; Calvinist, liked gloomy tales, had to trick him; Canadian writers were "cry-babies"; Americans were pros. TRACK 2: Canadian writers resented criticism; Mayse emulated American writers; today's market poor for short stories; in the 1940s and 1950s the stories were not literary but a good product; wrote serials for Saturday Evening Post; later published as novels; approached by an agent; returned to the coast; end of fiction markets; never seen as a serious writer; writing is lonely work; Jack Scott criticized Mr. Mayse's success in the U.S.; considered a move to the U.S.; writer's; work should speak for itself; but book tours are necessary; dislikes writer's grants except for poets; many writers are poseurs; major literary figures in Canada; dislikes commercial versus literary distinction; Mr. Mayse now writes a newspaper column; wrote for "The Beachcombers"; column is a good platform; a lucky and happy man; importance of luck.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Arvo Tynjala : Sointula, B.C. RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1972-05-13 & 16 & 25 SUMMARY: Arvo Tynjala was born in 1897 in North Dakota and moved to Sointula, B.C., with his family in 1901. He discusses the Finnish community at Sointula, providing an account of what it was and what happened to it. Memories of logging on B.C. coast. Union activities of loggers before 1934. The salmon fishing industry: first strikes and attempts to organize. The formation of the United Fishermen and Allied Workers' Union (UFAWU). The lives of fishermen and cannery workers, and how things have changed.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Asamatsu Murakami RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1972-03-09 & 15 SUMMARY: Asamatsu Murakami was born in 1885 in Japan. Came to Steveston in 1898 with his older brother. Went to school for half a year, then engaged in fishing all his life except during the war, when he and his family when to Alberta to work for a sugarbeet farm. His oldest son is a fisherman.

CALL NUMBER: T0826:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-08-04-& 06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Ployart recounts his grandparent's settlement in the Courtenay area in the 1870s. He describes his early life; Comox; Courtenay; Cumberland; the Indian settlement; life on his family's farm. Later he became a logger and trapper. TRACK 2: Mr. Ployart continues with a description of his work on a fishing boat; and in a logging camp. He describes his reunion with his father in Alberta; the purchase of farm equipment; and his trek to the family's homestead. He recalls his time as a rancher; his trip to Vancouver; his time as a steam engineer; a successful logging operation.;

CALL NUMBER: T0826:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-08-04-& 06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Ployart describes some of his logging and trapping experiences in the Courtenay area; operating a pack train for the government survey parties and CPR surveys; anecdotes of some mainland inlet settlers. TRACK 2: Mr. Ployart discusses the weather and storms common to the mainland inlets; a tugboat trip to Prince Rupert; boating incidents.

CALL NUMBER: T0944:0005 track 2
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969-01
SUMMARY: TRACK 2: [Original tape #1, Box 30.]
Canon Alan Green discusses his personal background, including his birth in Orillia; Ontario; his father, who was the vicar at the parish there; and his siblings. He describes coming to BC in 1911 at the request of Christ Church Cathedral to work with John Antle as a student missionary on a steamship up to Van Anda. He gives his first impressions of BC; how he eased into boating; and details about the Van Anda Hospital. He then tells anecdotes about "gettin' in" with people at the logging camps and settlers on the coast. He outlines what he offered as a representative of the Anglican church, and how he would adapt his approach based on what worked in a specific community. Finally; he discusses John Antle's character.

CALL NUMBER: T0944:0006
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969-01
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: [Original tape #2, Box 30.]
Reverend Greene continues by describing his career with the Columbia Coast Mission, and how he came to know John Antle through a man named Cecil Owen. He discusses Antle's belief that "the Church was not there to hold services, but to render service", and anecdotes that reveal Antle's character. Then he discusses hospitals; his hospital rescue ship the "Rendezvous"; and he compares loggers and fishermen. TRACK 2: [Original tape #3, Box 30.] Reverend Greene discusses lighthouses in Bute Inlet and their keepers, including a man named Smith; anecdotes about navigation in Bute Inlet; Skookumchuck Rapids; more on adventures on Bute Inlet; and stories about settlers, including some from the Orkney Islands.

CALL NUMBER: T0944:0007
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969-01
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: [Original tape #4, Box 30.]
Reverend Green continues with his story about the settlers from the Orkney Islands before discussing floating logging camps in detail. The story of a rescue involving the "Columbia" hospital ship; how the "Columbia" had the first radiotelephone in the area; and more on Bute Inlet, including logging and settling attempts and various old timers. TRACK 2: [Original; tape #5, Box 30.] Reverend Greene tells about various adventures around Read Island and Surge Narrows; the burial of Father Lambert of the Seventh Day Adventists; weddings aboard the "Rendezvous"; a large women that he had carry on his back to get ashore for Christmas parties; details about old-fashioned Christmas parties; various ministers on the islands; earthquakes; various characters, including Bill Frost and John Jones.

CALL NUMBER: T0944:0008
RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969-01
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: [Original tape #6, Box 30.]
Reverend Greene continues with more on the characters of Read Island; Bob Tipton, a justice of the peace, who threatened a man with a shotgun for trespassing; and others, including George Stafford. Reverend Greene also discusses the community at Quathiaski Cove on Quadra Island; the Columbia Coast Mission; and the role of the church at Bute Inlet today. TRACK 2: [Original tape #7, Box 30.] Reverend Greene comments on the role of the church in 1969; details on the history of Quathiaski Cove, circa 1905; Reverend R.J. Walker and Chief Billy Assu. [end of interview]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles Deagle RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1976-03-07 SUMMARY: Charles Deagle discusses his father, Billy Deagle, who worked for B.C. Electric as a conductor for 39 years. His father would take trainloads of halibut out of the cold storage plant in Steveston and take them to Vancouver. Discusses how his father brought the first trainload of Japanese to Steveston during the fishing strike in which the militia were used. The Japanese were brought in to break the strike. There wasn't another strike until 1936. Stagecoaches used to run out of Steveston. Describes early Steveston and Richmond, noting buildings, locations, people, and businesses. Discusses the several fires in Steveston. He attended Lord Byng school. Everybody got along well in the town because they were all busy making a living. Lots of drinking and bootlegging in those days. Big train station in Steveston at one time with freight shed. Discusses Moffat & Martin which imported Model T Ford cars and Ford tractors by the trainload. Moffat was a smart operator and Martin was on the work end. One year Moffat sold so many cars that Henry Ford gave him an especially built car as a bonus. The Japanese are good neighbours and good people. When WWII broke out it was terrible for the Japanese people. He entrusted with many belongings including 4 new cars, to look after until the war ended. He kept all of these until the custodian made him give them up. Some people thought that the Japanese were a threat during the War but they did not really know them. He lived with them and did not see them as anything but good people. After the War the canneries helped get the Japanese back into the industry by providing boats and gear. He built boats for Nelson Brothers at an old American army base in Port Edward. Later he became a fish buyer, and discusses his success. Unions and co-ops. Discusses pollution in the Fraser River. The Gulf of Georgia is just a big septic tank. He was so competitive to the companies that the cannery manager wouldn't talk to him during the fish season.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles Dumont RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1976-04-06 SUMMARY: Charles Dumont began fishing on Lesser Slave Lake in northern Alberta. Used small open boats and also ice fished. The nets were set, anchored on the bottom; they don't drift like in the ocean. Caught whitefish, pickerel, jack-fish, and suckers. Most of the fishermen were Metis Indian fishermen, and Whites. Low prices for fish. There were no canneries; they were all shipped fresh and frozen in refrigerated railway cars. Fishing not like in B.C.; you move to a deeper part of the lake as the weather gets warmer. They fished the lake out by using herring nets; of course they killed everything. The fish buyer became a millionaire, so he must have been getting something out of it. They brought in fish spawn from other lakes and hatched it in the hatchery and brought the fish back. He was in Vancouver during the Depression. There were squatters shacks in False Creek. When he came to Vancouver in 1940 he went to work for Evans and Coleman and there was a lot of work then. He fished dogfish during the War, and he fished soup-fish (?) in the Hecate Straits which Canadian Fish Co. bought and used the liver from. He stopped work in 1960 when his back gave way. He lived in Steveston behind the present (1976) hotel. Company houses were poor but inexpensive. The Japanese had been evacuated during the War and when they returned they received a rough reception in Steveston. Steveston history. Working in the net loft. Discusses the union. Discusses canneries in operation during the 1940s. He fished the Skeena and all the way up to Portland Canal. Fishing is hard work and you have to work hard to make the money. Nylon nets are better than linen ones. Used to be all dairy farming in Steveston; now it's all built up and all that farm is lost.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-13 SUMMARY: Charlie Clark recalls early days of fishing where there was all gillnetting on the river. They were all Scots fishermen. When the Japanese started fishing on the Fraser there was a war between the whites and the Japanese. Recalls stories about the Scots. Scots faded out when the Japanese came in. Japanese very honest fishermen, on the job all the time, didn't get drunk, didn't cause any trouble with the company. When renovating the cannery ten tins of salmon from 1898 were found in behind one of the walls and when opened they were just as good as when they were done. Discusses growing up in Port Alberni. Discusses seiners. Talks on fishing ecology, spawning and the complete cycle of the salmon. Thinks the Department of Fisheries looks after things pretty well. Doesn't believe it is possible for fishermen to make a living today, not enough days allowed to fish. Government should not allow herring fishing at all. Against gillnets on the spawning beds. Had five seiners once. Discusses the fishing concessions given to canneries by the government after WWI, and the conflict that ensued. Became the youngest Post Master in B.C. at the age of 17. Did that for a year and then went out in the seine boats in 1918. He was the first one to bring in the 6 day week, it used to be seven days. He went to the Padre and asked him if it wasn't against the law to work on Sundays and he said it was. So Charlie went to the company and told them it was illegal for fishermen to fish on Sunday. Then the union got started and they got two days off. Nylon nets a real blessing to fishermen, lighter and easier to look after -- as long as you don't get the sun on it, sun ruins it. Was in charge of dispatching all the boats when they went out for Nelson Bros. Discusses canneries and production rates. Was head of the union in 1926 for 6 years. He quit and they joined a bigger union. Then got his own boat and joined the Vessels Union. Early engines. Fish prices. New equipment and impact.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charlie Gillespie RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1973-02-23 SUMMARY: Charlie Gillespie was born in 1916 in Vancouver. His dad started in a cannery in 1910, and worked his way up to manager. Lived on Sea Island his whole life. When three canneries joined together to make B.C. Packers in 1928, his father was made the manager of the Fraser River District. Remembers going to Star Cannery and looking out the window at the boats going out on a Sunday night. The boats had sails in those days, and they fished both night and day. More boats now (1976). Worked in the net loft one summer when he was young. Helped fill the net needles so the men could make the nets. Three years later in 1932, started work in the Great Northern Cannery in North Vancouver for 3 years. Worked in the boiler, and on the lines, then was night watchman for a while. All cannery machinery was owned by American Can Co., canneries only leased them. Discusses wages. When to the Skeena River for two years, and worked for Oceanic Cannery on Smith Island. Looked after the retort machine and the oil and gas shed. In 1937 came back down to Steveston to work in the Imperial Cannery, pipe fitting and working with the engineer, also did carpenter work. Worked in a reduction plant one winter doing odd jobs. Then went to warehouse for 2 or 3 years. No fork lifts in those days, salmon moved by hand. Bought a gillnetter, and went fishing with his dad one season. Didn't catch much fish that year, and only fished one season. After that he went to work in the stores department at Imperial. All canneries had their own stores where they sold all supplies to the fishermen. When the store closed in 1965 he moved to the stock room. Discusses the work of Chinese workers in canneries. Canning fish by hand. Describes canning. Discusses company houses. Japanese workers. Unions. Discusses employment by canneries, month to month, and season to season.

CALL NUMBER: T0795:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Frances Brown, daughter of Frank Togan Allison, describes life on Galiano Island, where her father operated the Porlier Pass Lighthouse from 1902 to 1941. The interview begins with her father's backgound, and how he got his nickname "Sticks" following a mining accident in Nanaimo. He took over the lighthouse in 1902. Her mother was Matilda Georgeson from South Galiano; the Georgesons; were also a lighthouse family. Subjects recalled include: Indian graves in the area; the lighthouse operation, and method of using the hand foghorn to direct ships; types of vessels that used Porlier; Pass; Coon Point. The tape continues with Mrs. Devina Baines; younger daughter of Frank Allison; recalling her childhood at the lighthouse; Indian neighbours; school; Porlier Pass; Chief John Peter, ;possibly of the Penelakut Band; lighthouse life; Japanese fishermen who lived on their boats and supplied the salteries. [TRACK 2: blank.] NOTE: This interview continues as T0797:0001.

CALL NUMBER: T0795:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-06 SUMMARY: See T0797:0001.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-06 SUMMARY: NOTE: This interview is a continuation of T0795:0001. TRACK 1: Francis Brown describes her father, Frank "Sticks" Allison (who was the Porlier Pass lightkeeper 1902-1941), including his background i;n Scotland and Nova Scotia. Other subjects are: her sister Devina's accident causing a bad lye burn; childhood around the lighthouse; Chief John Peter; Granny Shaw; schooling; Japanese fishermen; the ;herring fishery and saltery. Other aspects of lighthouse life include the foghorn; newspaper delivery; mission boats; the M.V. "Thomas Crosby"; missionary visitors; mail pick-up on Kuper Island; the ;Bell family; Indian legends; Starvation Bay on Valdes Island; hostility between natives and whites; how Christmas was celebrated. TRACK 2: Francis Brown and Devina Baines speak alternately on the following subjects: more on the Japanese herring saltery; followed by North Galiano families; farming; fishing; roads and trails; stores; boat travel. They tell of the wreck of CPR ship "Peggy McNeill"; navigational dangers in Porlier Pass. Further discussion of native people on Valdes Island; the Hanson family; the operation of lighthouses including the advent of Aladdin mantle lamps; blackouts during WW2; Virago Point; responsibilities of the lighthouse keeper.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dominic Bussanich RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-19 SUMMARY: Dominic Bussanich was born in 1904 and started fishing when he was 13 years old with his father on a gillnetter. Used to fish 5 or 6 days a week in Canoe Pass and Rivers Inlet. Built his own boats. Fished up at Rivers Inlet for 10 or 12 years. River has changed, the channels are different and fishing on it is very difficult now (1976). No fishing at all in North Arm of Fraser any more because of too much traffic. Pollution in river is terrible. The catch has decreased in the river because the gear is so efficient but also the Americans are taking most of the fish: Canadians get only 12 hours a week to fish, Americans fish 4 and 5 days. He worked on seine boats and also built boats for a living. He prefers wood boats to fibreglass and aluminum. New equipment on boats makes fishing easier. Discusses gillnetters and seiners. Talks about Japanese fishermen and their treatment during the War. Indian fishermen. Herring fishing. He fished for B.C. Packers, Canadian Fish, Bell Irving, Nelson Bros. Formed a co-op, Canoe Pass. Co-op in 1941- 1942, gillnetters. Co-op is now (1976) about 70 members and still going. Lots of changes in Delta area. Sports fishermen also take more than their share. Need to have higher prices to pay for expensive boats. He used to drive a truck in the off-season to make ends meet and then he went into boat building. Discusses reasons for poor herring fishery of 1975: greed the main reason, trying to pack too many fish. There is a need for a 200 mile limit. Discusses fishing in the north out of Prince Rupert.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Eino Ahola RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1976-03-05 SUMMARY: Eino Ahola fished the central area all this life. Was 11 years old when he first fished in a skiff. Fished alone at age 17 in 1915. He was born in Finland in 1897, and came to B.C. at an early age. His parents settled at Sointula, Malcolm Island. Low fish prices then. When the Fins came to Canada, they weren't used to fish, and didn't consider cod as food. They did eat some shellfish. He started out with a flat-bottomed skiff in Rivers Inlet. They did most of their fishing at night, pulling their nets in at the morning. They used a square chunk of wood with license number to mark their nets, and at night they had a lantern. He was part of the founding convention of a union in 1925-26. Discusses union development and the strike of 1936. Had his first gas boat in 1925 with a 5 HP Vivian engine. Discusses engines, new equipment and changes in fishing. Each cannery had their own colour of boat to help the packers identify them: Kildala was white, Wadham was red, Brunswick was blue, Beaver was yellow, and Provincial was green. He was a camp man for 3 or 4 seasons at Storm Bay and Johnson Straits. A camp man repairs the nets for the fishermen, and manages the camp. (Tape becomes garbled due to low battery while recordings -- reduce to 1 7/8 ips). Sointula has changed from a Finnish community to one with all kinds of nationalities. He used to build boats at Sointula for 50 years in the wintertime and fished in the summer. Pilchards were fished by seiners, for the reduction plant, but one year they just disappeared, probably because of the change in water temperatures. Eino was recently made an honourary member for life of the U.F.A.W.U. for his part in union organizing. Story of the Kingcome Indians who got boats from the government but never paid for them. Tells the story about Skookum Charlie and the tourist who took his picture.

CALL NUMBER: T0445:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Iverson recalls his work on the Sumas Lake dredging project and the King Edward Dredge. He talks about his family; his Norwegian father; his early life; his father's work as a fisherman; arriving at Sunbury in 1901; riverboats; living in scow houses; Collingwood; Tronjeim (Little Norway); Norwegian fishermen. TRACK 2: Mr. Iverson continues discussing the community of Norwegian fishermen; Mr. George Mackie; other ethnic groups in the area; Chinese workers in the canneries; canneries along the lower Fraser River; methods of fishing; Easthope brothers engines; setting nets.

CALL NUMBER: T0445:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Iverson discusses gillnetting and seining methods; Steveston; canneries; Annieville; selling fish; contracts with canneries; fish runs of 1913; salmon prices; nets. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], [ca. 1984] SUMMARY: George Coburn discusses salmon trolling in the Gulf of Georgia.;

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): George MacKay RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-10 SUMMARY: George MacKay started working in the cannery at age seven in 1910. In 1913 he worked in a net loft for 5 cents an hour. Discusses the Chinese kids who worked in the cannery. In 1921-1922 he worked for the Gulf of Georgia on collect boats. At that time the Gulf of Georgia was also referred to as the Desbrisary Canning Company because it was owned by the Desbrisary Brothers. Explains the operation of collect boats. Says all the canneries at that time had collect boats with white tallymen. Most of the fishermen were Japanese. In 1923 he took a trade to become a machinist. Worked for Ross & Windburn for 10 years. Explains cannery machinery, and making of cans. Discusses the exploitation of Chinese labour and the deplorable living conditions. Talks about the Indians and discusses the Indian living conditions in the cannery owned houses. Talks about the Indian graves that the canneries bulldozed over for buildings. They were mostly children's graves that had died of disease. Indians generally discriminated against. Speaks of the 1913 "big salmon run" after which there was a slide at Hell's Gate and the fish dropped in numbers. Fishermen were limited to 200 sockeye a boat at 5 cents a piece. His father, David MacKay, built the Brunswick Cannery in 1893. Grandfather was manager of the Atlas cannery for years. Also ran the reduction plan called the "Oilery" on MacMillan Island. Talks about working for B.C. Packers and moving the oyster beds. No strikes during the War. Linemen and machine men were getting $150.00 a month and board during the 1930s. During the war, workers got a lot more work. Went back to cannery 1942-1969. Thinks union is good but may be going a little too far. Discusses early union organization and union benefits. In 1913 his uncle and Captain Gus were running the Steveston cannery, they had no Iron Chink, they butchered by hand and cleared a profit of $10,000 each. Discusses different canneries. Gas engines came in 1913. Different jobs performed over time.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-12-01 & 02 SUMMARY: Gillette Chipps, a hereditary chief of the Nitinat, discusses his early life and his experiences in fishing. He also recalls some traditional Nitinat stories, including some about the first encounter between the Nootka people and Captain Cook, as well as the Spanish explorers of that era. He recounts a creation myth and discusses his experiences in World War I.

RECORDED: Bella Coola (B.C.), 1981-09 SUMMARY: Mr. McKay was born in Bella Coola; his parents were from Scotland, and were some of the original settlers. Glen logged in the Bella Coola Valley all his life, and for a short time, fished.;

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Harold Iverson RECORDED: Delta (B.C.), 1976-02-26 SUMMARY: Harold Iverson was born in 1912, the son of a long line of fishermen. Fishing in skiffs at 7 and 8 years old in the river for salmon. At age 16 he got a powerboat, a 5 HP one cylinder engine. Powerboats came in the 1920s, and power winches came in 1938. Fished mostly in the Fraser River until the 1950s, then the off shore Japanese fleet and fishery closures made it necessary to go further a field. Used to fish at San Juan and Queen Charlotte Sound and the Skeena River. As a kid, he remembers the stern-wheelers that used to deliver to farmers up and down the river. Not much farming on River Road, too expensive and too boggy. Came from a family of 6. Long lined halibut for 20 years, trolled and also gillnetted salmon. Changes in fishing and equipment. Lost a 50 ton boat in 100 mph gale in 1970 in Queen Charlotte Sound, and his partner ship came to pick him up in the thick spray. He was wired to the rigging, and had to dive to free himself and then swim to the other boat. His clothes weighed about 100 pounds with water. Just about quit fishing, but changed his mind. Discussion of fish prices. The Americans don't practice conservation, but they take more than their share of the Fraser River salmon. Discusses fishing history, unions, practices and restrictions. At one time there were 40 canneries in the Fraser, but now (1976) there is only one. He fished for the Canadian Fish Co. for 20 years. The Vancouver Co-op worked for a while but it went bankrupt due to people being greedy. Shellfish such as crabs and oysters were ignored until after the War because there was lots of other fish to eat. Discusses the old Union Steamships, they were very comfortable. Discusses canneries. Discussion of wild life around his River Road home. Discussion of the herring fishery and reasons why it depleted before 1971. Wants a Minister of Fisheries from B.C., not back east. Discusses halibut fishing. Fishing in Smiths Inlet. Pollution in water. Rum running during prohibition.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966 SUMMARY: An oral history interview with Harry Allison, a crewman of the "Zodiac Light" with many years' experience fishing on the B.C. coast.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Harry Thompson RECORDED: Richmond (B.C.), 1976-04-07 SUMMARY: Harry Thompson was born and raised in Steveston at No. One Road and Steveston Highway. His father worked on the original Steves' Farm, for Harold Steves' grandfather. Later, his father acquired his own farm between Georgia St. and 6th Avenue. They had about 15-18 cows and a milk delivery route. Harry delivered the unprocessed, raw milk on the route, which was about 15 deliveries. They stayed in the milk business until sanitation regulations during the War forced them out of the business, so they began shipping all the milk to be processed in Vancouver. Harry started fishing at age 12 in 1936 with his older brother in a skiff. Their father made a deal with a Japanese farmer and they got a fish net for the good run in 1936, it was a linen net. Their father had a license which allowed them to fish. In 1938 he went to Rivers Inlet with an old fellow to fish. He fished for Goose Bay Cannery. In the daytime they fished along the shore, at night they moved into the middle of the inlet and turned on their lamps; it was like a little city, they were kind of lost. There were many Native fishermen and cannery workers, and a few Chinese and Scandinavian people. Their first boat was the "S.S. Box", an old square thing, with a Model T Ford engine sawn in half and one cylinder running. They never went out of sight of Steveston, and did most of their fishing in the mouth of the river. Recalls fishing stories. His family never lacked food or clothing during the Depression, but his parents worked hard. Discusses different boats owned and profits. The Japanese internment during WWII. Changes that resulted in fishing and Steveston after the Japanese were evacuated. His wife worked in the cannery for Canadian Fish when he met her. Discusses new nylon nets and equipment. Fishing for halibut. Joining the Union, 1944-45. Changes in the fishery over the years. Discusses the reasons for the many accidents in the recent herring fishery.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hideo Kokubo RECORDED: [location unknown], 1972-04-11 & 12 SUMMARY: Hideo Kokubo was born in 1912 in Canada the eldest son of a fisherman. He started fishing at age 12. Since he was the eldest he had to work to support the family. His parents went back to Japan with his eldest daughter before the war started. During the war he was put in an internment camp for five years while his family was in the interior. He went back to Japan, worked for US camp, and came back to Canada in 1957.