SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Fort St. James, 1862-1914 PERIOD COVERED: 1862-1914 RECORDED: Williams Lake (B.C.), 1976-10-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Ann A. Rottacker discusses her background: born 1896 in Fort St. James; father, Alexander C. Murray, was the Hudson's Bay Factor; details about father. Fort St. James described: domestic; details; fur trade; relations between Indians and A.C. Murray. Elementary school in Fort St. James. Mrs. Rottacker at school in Victoria for four years. Mrs. Rottacker spoke Carrier as a child. Father A.G. Morice described. Cataline (Jean Caux) described. Travel. Father was at Fort St. James from 1862 to 1914. TRACK 2: Father travelled by snowshoe from Lower Fort Garry to Fort St. James in 1862.; Mrs. Rottacker sings briefly in Carrier. Kitchen garden at Fort St. James described. More on childhood. Route travelled between Fort St. James and Victoria in about 1905. Details of diet. HBC "open house" for Indians described. Clothing described.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 1 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox (nee Hankin) begins this tape with a story about her uncle Charlie Hankin (partner of Billy Barker) and his promise to Josephine, the dance hall hostess at Barkerville, about her burial. A story is told about Isaac, a Babine Indian, who was awarded medals from the Humane Society and the Catholic Church. She talks about the background to the "Skeena River Rebellion" of the 18;80's. TRACK 2: This tape continues with the "Skeena River Rebellion", a childhood story about measles, Constance Cox's childhood at Hazelton, her family, the Manson Creek gold rush -- 1870, Indian women packers into Manson Creek, Cataline, Erza Evans and mining on Manson Creek.;

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 2 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates the following legends: the legend of the Sunbeam which is depicted on a Chilkat Blanket from Kitwanga and the adoption of the fireweed as the clan symbol at Kispiox; the; Frog legend depicted on a totem pole at Kitwancool and a Haida legend depicted on a totem pole about cruelty to animals. Indian foods and cooking methods are discussed. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues with her discussion about Indian foods, collecting sap from evergreens, berries, wild vegetables, medicinal preparations, an incident while nursing for Dr. Wrinch at Hazelton concerning a women with cancer and another nursing story.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 3 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates a story about an Indian woman called "Emma". She continues with a story about Captain Fitzgerald (Gold Commissioner) who was taken prisoner at Kitseguecla (Skeena Crossing) and the subsequent trial (1871). She speaks about the first Reserve Commissioner Peter O'Reilly, the reaction to reserves in Kispiox, A.W. Vowell, the next Reserve Commissioner, and the Kitwancool Indians. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues speaking about A.W. Vowell and the Reserve Commission at Kitwancool, the Kitwancool Indians, "Kitwancool Jim" and the Kitwancool totem pole histories. She speaks about the Collins and Yukon Telegraph lines, building the lines, the operators and linesmen and the visit of a "globe-trotting" woman -- Thea Francis (1920?).

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 4 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates her childhood memories of a canoe trip up the Skeena River (ca.1900). She speaks about Bishop Ridley, the Diocese of Caledonia, Metlakatla, Haida canoes, incidents along; the canoe journey, towing canoes upriver, dangers along the Skeena, villages, the "Mount Royal" paddlewheeler and Haida children learning canoe skills. TRACK 2: This tape begins with a description of a totem pole raising ceremony at Kitwancool, tragedies of the "Trail of '98", Rev. Harold Alfred Sheldon (c.1884), the Inverness Cannery and her father's business interests, Father Morice and his work with the Carrier Indians and the visit of the Catholic Bishop (Bishop Dontonwell?).

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 5 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape provides a continuation of Constance Cox's recollection of the visit of the Catholic Bishop to the Carrier Indians at Babine, more details about Father Morice's work -- his book and; map, his relationship with the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort St. James, a description of the destruction of his printing press, Father Morice's penance and later years, incidents at Fort St. James and; the HBC factor at Fort Fraser, Mr. Sinclair. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues with more recollections about Mr. Sinclair and his grave at Fort Fraser. She speaks about the destruction of Indian culture, the language of the Tsimshian, Gitksan and Carrier Indians, the white settlers who learned the native languages, her role as an interpreter, the Gitksan language, the "White Cross Society", native art, totem carving past and present, erection of a new totem pole and the legend of the Kispiox -- House of the Beaver.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 6 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The legend of the Kispiox -- House of the Beaver is continued on this tape. Constance Cox provides additional information about the Gitksan language, her background in native languages, the Methodist missionary at Hazelton -- Mr. Matheson (1871), the Anglican missionaries (1880), the "Queek", the Gitksan as carvers and designers and the dispute over ownership of the Bulkley Canyon c.1900.; TRACK 2: This tape continues with a description of the dispute over the Bulkley Canyon, a Gitksan artist -- Gisemax (sp), other Hazelton incidents, and a story about the group of American miners and adventurers under Mr. Gryder that arrived in Hazelton under the false assumption that gold had been discovered.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0007 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 7 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox remembers her father, Thomas Hankin, his background, his coming to British Columbia (1857) as a Hudson's Bay Company factor and establishing the Hudson's Bay Post at the Skeena-Bulkley junction, his first encounters with the Indians, the song of the "iron kettles", his staking of the town site of Hazelton (1858), the 1870 Manson Creek Goldrush, story of a greenhorn and the naming of Frying Pan Mountain, William Manson and miners drowned in Kitselas Canyon. She continues with Thomas Hankin's business interests, his role in the Masonic order, Constance Cox's education, her step-father -- R.E. Loring, The Inverness Cannery, Thomas Hankin's death, his brothers -- Phillip and Charlie Hankin and the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade. TRACK 2: Constance Cox recounts childhood memories, Simon Gunanoot as a child, the Trail of '98 -- May to October 1898, Cox as nurse and doctor to Indians and 98'ers, stories and incidents, the story of the murder of Sir Arthur Curtis, Tom Hankin Jr. losing cattle on Poison Mountain and patients at the dispensary.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0008 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 8 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The trail of '98 patients at the Hazelton dispensary and the rescue and nursing of Frank Farling is recalled by Constance Cox. She relates a personal anecdote about a "love letter" and Moosekin Johnny's Restaurant. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T1061:0001
SUMMARY: These tapes comprise a series of unedited interviews with residents of Fort St. James, Hagwilget and Moricetown, recorded by CBC producer Norman Newton.
TRACK 1: DONALD GRAY, Sun Chief at Hagwilget, tells legends of Carrier prophet "Bini", as well as the origin of Saskatoon berries, and the relationship between men and animals. He then sings several songs and explains their meanings. DAVID DENNIS of Moricetown sings a song about "Bini", then a love song that he composed. LIZETTE HALL, a member of the Fort St. James Historical Society and the great-granddaughter of the famous Carrier Chief Kwah, tells the story of the first missionary, as told to her by her father. The Natives were afraid of him because, after seeing him lighti a match, they understood him to be a man made of fire.
RACK 2: Mrs. Hall continues by telling the story of how her father was first baptized at the age of four by Bishop Demers, and the impact of the missionaries on the community. She discusses her father's view on religion be;fore the white people came. Then JOHN PRINCE, who is the Catholic native chief, sings a song composed by Father Morice, and explains the song; then continues to sing several more songs. Mr. Prince tells several more stories, including how the first missionaries arrived, why the HBC named the local natives Carrier, and why natives no longer trap. John Prince expresses his regret at the loss of "old fashioned ways" and the negative impact of contact with "whites". Then he recalls his experiences as a child with Father Morice. This is followed by several more songs, and Prince's discussion of the conversion of the Carrier to Christianity. He adds that most natives are no longer interested in the church, and describes the difference among church law, state law and the Carrier religion.

CALL NUMBER: T1061:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. ALEX McKINNON, a native sawmill worker at Fort St. James, discusses Carrier history, beginning with the arrival in 1842 of Catholic priest Father Demers and his half-breed Cree interpreter. He describes the native population at Fort St. James and their customs, and how the priest imposed monogamous marriages, including the story of a man who loved both of his wives but was forced to sell one. Then he describes later priests, and more on the life of native people at Fort St. James. Mr. McKinnon recalls an experience in 1946, when he was invited by Andy Paul, of the North American Brotherhood of Indians, to join him in Ottawa to speak on what natives wanted; problems with schools; how he was received in Ottawa. Then CHIPMAN WELLS, boat builder at Fort St. James, describes Fort St. James when he arrived in 1924, and his experiences as a boat builder. He continues to describe Stuart Lake; Fort St. James, and the impact of "whites" upon natives. TRACK 2: EVELYN M. HOY of the Fort St. James Historical Society tells the story of the murder of two German prospectors in 1930. The subsequent inquiry focused on native suspects, until the arrest in Alberta of a former companion of the prospectors. After several trials, he was acquitted. A few years later, he was arrested for possession of firearms and deported back to Germany. Mrs. Hoy was told that the German government, then controlled by the Nazi party, shot him for murder of three other people.

CALL NUMBER: T1061:0002 track 2 item 02 SUMMARY: After the last interview, there are some fragments of CBC Radio programs that were present on the tapes before the interviews were recorded over them. These begin with a musical excerpt from the program "Records for You" and an advertisement for the Devonshire Hotel in Vancouver. This is followed by an advertisement for the Grand Cafe in Prince Rupert, and an excerpt from the program "Talk of the; Town", described a "weekly sound picture of the city of Prince Rupert". This excerpt contains an interview with Tommy Black, Rotary Club past president and manager of the Northern BC Power Company, about the history, principals and goals of the Rotary Club. He mentions some accomplishments of the Prince Rupert local including helping start the nurses home, the public library, the Civic Centre,; and homes for seniors. The program concludes with an announcement of upcoming shows, including an interview with George Wilkins of Port Edward about his experience sailing from Honolulu to Tahiti, and with Eva Kirkwood Hackett about her long career in theatre.