CALL NUMBER: T0613:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Albert Veranous Franklin remembers life at Tatla Lake before 1900. Mr. Franklin recalls his family background, his father, Benny Franklin, the move to Tatla Lake, the reasons, the journey, the purchase of the homestead and establishing a store, getting supplies from Ashcroft, trading with the Indians, the smallpox epidemic among the Indians, excursions to Bute Inlet, the Waddington Massacre, Chilcotin Indians and more, and the massacre and the aftermath.

TRACK 2: Franklin continues with more on the Waddington massacre, the story of the introduction of smallpox among the Indians as told to Franklin by John Hickory McLean, who was a member of the Waddington party, the effects of smallpox, names of early settlers, stories of life at Tatla, an anecdote about seeing the ghost of a dead Indian woman, the new road from Alexis Creek to the Nazko Valley, an account of the Indian game of Lahal, and moving to Nazko from Tatla.

CALL NUMBER: T0613:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Franklin discusses the move to below Anahim Rancherie, Norman Lee, partnerships in the Chilcotin, Indian-White intermarriage, the Franklin homestead, an account of his father's death and burial, his father as Justice of the Peace, his mother, Marie Forest, the move into the Chilcotin in 1889, early days at Tatla Lake, the reasons for moving to the lake from Nazko, and Indian agitation.

TRACK 2: Franklin tells the story behind Indian agitation, a trip to Skeena River, early days at Bute Inlet, his father's excursions between Bute Inlet and Tatla Lake, life after leaving the Chilcotin in 1903, the trip from Tatla Lake to Bute Inlet and back, 1892 or 1893, and place names.

CALL NUMBER: T0623:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Alfred Bryant recalls some of his childhood experiences settling near Soda Creek and homesteading in Tatla Lake with his family, 1919 to 1928. Mr. Bryant discusses his father's background; coming to settle in BC in 1919; life and incidents at Soda Creek and Meldrum Creek; how his family worked at a hotel in Riske Creek; teamsters; the Bechers, who ran the hotel and details of a journey to a homestead at Tatla Lake in 1922. TRACK 2: Mr. Bryant continues the story of the journey to Tatla Lake; his first days at Tatla Lake and the cabin there; sleeping arrangements, his first .22 calibre rifle; life at Tatla Lake; and social occasions.

CALL NUMBER: T0623:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Bryant recalls some of his experiences in the Anahim Lake area of the Chilcotin, 1930 to 1966. Mr. Bryant tells stories about his sister Jane Lehman's experiences as a nurse in the wilderness of the Chilcotin; making moonshine; moving to the Anahim Lake region in 1931; life at Anahim Lake; people of the area; and comments about Native people. TRACK 2: Mr. Bryant comments on the Bella Coola area; the story of Lord Tweedsmuir's visit in 1937, and its effect on the local economy; trappers' cabins in the wilderness; comments about the conditions among the local Indians; and stories about "Capoose" who was a well known Indian of the area.

CALL NUMBER: T0623:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Bryant discusses the so-called "grease trail", which runs from Bella Coola into the Fraser Plateau; the travels of the Stikine Indians; the route followed by Alexander Mackenzie in 1790; more on the grease trail and other trails in the area; Benny Franklin, who was a well known character of the area; and experiences travelling on some of the trails. Finally, Mr. Bryant recites a poem by his father about a local incident involving Bob Graham and some Indians. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Annie Engebretson : Bella Coola colony and Anahim Lake PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1934 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Annie Engebretson (nee Lunos or Lunaas) discusses her father Jacob J. Lunaas' arrival in Bella Coola from Minnesota to the Saugstad colony in 1895. She then discusses their first three years in the colony, leaving for Victoria in 1900, moving to Anahim Lake for health reasons (1903-1916), the four different trails to Anahim Lake from Bella Coola, sellers and Indians and families at Anahim; Lake, and stories about Ben Franklin and Capoose. TRACK 2: Engebretson continues with more on settlers and inhabitants at Anahim Lake (1898-1913), Father Thomas, and the possible origin of the different physical appearance of Bella Coola Indians.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Caroline Moffat recalls some of her experiences in the Tatla Lake area, 1921 to 1937, including: a winter journey to her homestead in Tatla Lake in 1923, school days at Tatla Lake, wild horses, growing up in the bush, encounters with wild animals, gatherings at Tatla Lake to distribute mail, details of a winter journey to Corkscrew Creek in the Anahim Lake area in 1931 to start a ranch there. TRACK 2: Mrs. Moffat continues discusses meeting Lord Tweedsmuir during his visit to the Bella Coola valley in 1937, incidents of a cattle drive at Anahim Lake, anecdotes about a pet moose, a story about an altercation with local Indians and the local deputy.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Moffat describes the landscape around Anahim, the story of a journey made to give birth to her first child in 1940, activity in the Anahim Lake area around the time she moved there in 1932, stores and settlements and roads in the area, the trail to Bella Coola, an anecdote about Ralph. TRACK 2: Moffat finishes her discussion of Indians, people in the Ulkatcho area, stories about encounters with wolves and cougars, Pan Phillips and her sister Jane Lehman, travels in the area, and a story about a load of hay.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Moffat comments and tells stories about her brother and sisters, Alfred Bryant, Jane Lehman and Bunch Trudeau, her parents, Phyllis Bryant Kellis and Cyrus Bryant, her father's background, a winter journey with her sister Jane (who was a nurse) to take care of an Indian. TRACK 2: More stories and discussions of local Indians including Joe Kapoose and Thomas Squinas, the death of her father, stories about wild horses, her first trip to Anahim Lake to find land and comments about the area.

CALL NUMBER: T1784:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Moffat tells a story about a neighbor, Indians and liquor, a description of the Bryant cabin at Tatla Lake: the stove and bath nights, a story about her mother digging a well, the garden, pastimes at a nearby lake, stories about Jane and her family, her father's pioneering spirit, travels, memories of the rail journey to Clinton and a wagon trip to Soda Creek in 1919. TRACK 2: A discussion of her personal philosophies such as reincarnation, arising from the discovery that she has cancer, her attitudes toward death, reflections on the quality of her life and winding up her affairs, a story about an altercation with Indians over a horse and a load of hay, and an encounter with a cougar.

CALL NUMBER: T1782:0001 - 0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970-06 SUMMARY: A series of recordings made by Imbert Orchard on a trip through the Cariboo-Chilcotin area with Mrs. Phyllis Bryant Kellis in June 1970 . The object of the trip was to retrace the Bryant family's journey from Clinton to Tatla Lake between 1919 and 1924. Mr. Orchard and Mrs. Kellis comment on both journeys, and talk to local people who recall the area as it was then. Portions of the recordings were used by Orchard in his CBC program "The Chilcotin Revisited" (T3289:0001). The tapes include ambient sound and commentary recorded at various locations, as well as the voices of: Peggy Keefe, Jim Keefe, Clarence Roberts, Elliot Weisgarber and other unidentified speakers. Locations visited include Clinton, Soda Creek, and the ferry across the Fraser River near Soda Creek.

CALL NUMBER: T1782:0001 tracks 1 - 4 [CDR] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970-06 SUMMARY: [Dubbed from source reels T1782:01 to T1782:04.] Track 1: Mrs. Kellis discusses her 3-day train ride, the beauty of the countryside, the Clinton hotel, and hotel manager Charlie Miner. (7 minutes) Track 2: Peggy Keefe describes how she came to know the Bryant family. The school near Soda Creek that Jane, Caroline and Alfred Bryant attended. She recalls the children and the piano. (5 minutes) Track 3: Jim Keefe recalls the Bryant family: their meals, their log cabin where, the family preparing for their trip. Sound of a train going by. Clarence Roberts discusses the Overland Charter Telegraph in Soda Creek, Mrs. Bryant (who cared for his mother in 1954), the old community hall, the old hotel, and a description of the town in earlier times. (13 minutes) Track 4: Unidentified speaker discusses a person who brought farming equipment to Soda Creek from Alberta 50 years earlier, then decided that the area was too rocky to farm, so sold his things and went home. The speaker describes the town as it was then, ferrymen, and members of the community. (13 minutes)

CALL NUMBER: T1782:0001 tracks 5 - 7 [CDR] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970-06 SUMMARY: [Dubbed from source reels T1782:05 to T1782:07.] Track 5: Recorded at the ferry dock 1 mile below Soda Creek. Mr. Orchard describes the landscape. Mrs. Kellis describes the ferry dock, and tells a story about a cougar and a dog. The recording continues on the ferry as it crosses the river. Ambience. Mrs. Kellis recalls where some gold was found. Discussion turns to the log cabin where the Bryants lived in Meldrum Creek. Mrs. Kellis describes where the well was dug. (11 minutes) Track 6: Mrs. Kellis continues the cougar story, and recalls the history of this specific cabin, where they lived after they leaving Sutton. The cabin as it is now, described by Mr. Orchard. Ranching in the U.S. and in B.C. Specific fences they used to keep away moose. Bachelors on ranches. (11 minutes) Track 7: A description of Buckskin Creek as an introduction to Jim Keefe's home, where the Bryants stayed after living at the Alger house. Mrs. Kellis describes the house, where lived there for a year to be closer to the school. The Gentle place near Charlie Ross' property just after the family lived at Sutton. An anecdote about chopping wood. Her feelings about the home at Bruin Ranch. Mr. Orchard describes the woods they have passed through to get to another log house owned by Mr. Sutton at Meldrum Creek. (11 minutes)

CALL NUMBER: T1782:0002 [CDR] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970-06 SUMMARY: [Dubbed from source reels T1782:09 to T1782:14.] Track 1: A speaker (possibly Willena Hodson) discusses how a home was broken into and robbed. Mr. Orchard describes the rooms and their functions. The house was built between 1914 and 1918. Mrs. Kellis recalls what the house was like when her family lived there. The first stagecoaches belonged to Mr. Hodson, just beyond Riske Creek and the Dark Cabin where Indians lived. (12 minutes) Track 2: Ambient sounds, followed by an interview with an unidentified man about different ways of getting to Williams Lake, ranching, working the cattle, economics of ranching, and a German princess who bought a ranch in the area. (7 minutes) Track 3: Most of the ranches in the sera have stayed with the same families over generations. The unidentified man discusses his family's ranch, and how the ranch may be shared/split in the future. Anna French describes the Bryant family upon their arrival at the Knowles place, the family as they were at Tatla Lake, Cyrus Bryant's father, life in Anahim Lake, feeding cattle in winter, and the "lively" Bryant children. (13 minutes) Track 4: Mrs. Kellis recalls the school teacher. A sink she installed. She describes another home the family lived in at Tatla Lake, the old chicken roost built by Cyrus and his father, and the barn. (9 minutes) Track 5: Mrs. Kellis discusses: a uncompleted bridge, more about the barn, a story about Alfred knocking himself out, a fight with the Graeme family and the pranks the kids pulled, more description of the landscape, One-Eye Lake, local families, and the four kids they boarded. (11 minutes) Track 6: Mrs. Kellis discusses the mountains in the distance; she was so busy that she never had an opportunity to appreciate scenery. Walks the family would take. How she felt about living at Tatla Lake as compared to Anahim Lake. Getting work in Williams Lake. Teaching kids to dance. Her first trip to Bella Coola from Williams Lake in the summer of 1930. (14 minutes)

CALL NUMBER: T1782:0003 [CDR] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970-06 SUMMARY: [Dubbed from source reels T1782:15 to T1782:19.] Track 1: Mrs. Kellis tells a story about apples being kept in the cellar, where Alfred would often smuggle them out to the other kids. More description and editorial by Mr. Orchard of the home and the Johnny Bull Creek and stream at Tatla Lake. Mrs. Kellis discusses what happened to the school when the family moved to Williams Lake, the whitewashed logs that they used to build the cabin, paint and colors. (12 minutes) Track 2: Ambience. Description of the location: the meadows around Tatla Lake during a race. More ambience. Harry McGhee, who was the postmaster at Tatla Lake, describes and discusses the meaning of Tatlayoko Lake: big wind. He describes his experience of coming to live at Williams Lake and then Tatlayoko Lake. (16 minutes) Track 3: Mr. McGhee continues by describing his first winter in Canada. His first impressions of the Bryant family. What life was like at that time. Tommy Hudson, who owned a freight ride. The small mills in the 1940s, and the effects on local ranchers of corporate mills. Mechanization. Ranches sold to outsiders. (12 minutes) Track 4: Mr. McGhee continues, discussing his garden, a character named Benny Franklin who opened up many roads in the area, stores in Williams Lake, a man named Sutton, experiences in winter trapping, and stories about Indians. (15 minutes) Track 5: Ambience. Discussion with an unidentified man about the Bryants when they lived at Tatla Lake. He tells stories about eggs, Tatla Lake snowfalls, freighting, his first impressions on meeting the Bryants at Tatla Lake, a story about a bull the Bryants owned, and his impressions of their house. (13 minutes)

CALL NUMBER: T1782:0004 [CDR] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970-06 SUMMARY: [Dubbed from source reel T1782:20.] Track 1: An unidentified woman (possibly Lillian Collier) discusses the stampede at Riske Creek many years prior, Indians, Joe Elkins, country dances, rodeos, and the impact of alcohol on the Indian people. (11 minutes)

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-27 SUMMARY: Mr. Harold Stuart remembers the Redstone area from 1920 to 1950, his father Andrew Stuart, Indians, the fur trade, grocery shipments from Williams Lake to Redstone, Benny Franklin, A.P. Lee, E. Penrose, who established the Redstone reserve, and murders. Then, Miss Christine Stuart continues about murders, a history of an early doctor, a description of E.P. Lee, and Indian and white relations. Then Mr. Stuart remembers and Indian old timer, Grande Bouche, and an Indian legend.

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: Mr. Dan Lee, of Hanceville in the Chilcotin, tells the story of his father Norman Lee and his journey from England in 1887, early work, going into the fur trading business with Hugh Bayliff, roads in the area, the fur business, the Lee Ranch, mail delivery, comments on the local Indians, Mrs. Hance and other early white women of the area, the Bechers and their stopping house at Riske Creek.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-08-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Dennis Walker recalls the journey from England to Vancouver with his parents in 1892, and their eventual move to the head of Bute Inlet; his father's name was William George Walker. He ;then describes building a homestead; the slow influx of other settlers; the growth of the community around Mr. Walker's original home site; social events in the community of Bute Inlet; various attempts by his father to sell farm produce in Vancouver; the problems which arise from being so far from the market; and stories of other families in the town. TRACK 2: Mr. Walker continues by describing; a trip with other youths up the Southgate River to the Chilcotin; a description of the salmon spawning season; comments on wildlife in the area; the death and burial of three Walker children; the destruction of the township by fire; an anecdote about original settler Tony Bernhardt; the death of Shorty Hibbs at the hands of the Indians; comments on coast and interior Indians; the unused Mallard Company Tannery; the climate and physical setting of the township; his father's departure for work in Vancouver; the gradual departure of the other settlers when the railroad failed to materialize; and; his travels through BC, especially Barkerville, as a machinist.

CALL NUMBER: T3150:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1975 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: How Dr. Nelson, Dr. Roy Carlson and Dr. Rudi Haering became involved in exploring Alexander Mackenzie's trail through central BC and looking for the source of a form of obsidian used in trade among native people; their first adventures travelling by horse in a pack train. TRACK 2: Following Mackenzie's trail from Haering's Blackwater Ranch; confirming Mackenzie's fish story; impressions of the landscape; camping along the route; discoveries of obsidian; local residents; finding the trail; crossing the Blackwater River to Kluskus; church at Kluskus; wildlife on the trail; Indians at Kluskus; artefacts.

CALL NUMBER: T3150:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1975 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Trail from Kluskus to Pan Phillips' dude ranch; obsidian in the Ulkatcho mountains; travel to Dean River; trip to Vancouver to have rock analysed; visit to Ulkatcho village. TRACK 2: Trail through Tanga Lake; trip over Mackenzie Pass to the Bella Coola River and down to Bella Coola; visit to Mackenzie's rock; canoe trip down the Bella Coola River; radio contact with the outside world; brief comments on the trip as an experience.

CALL NUMBER: T3149:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The obsidian trail : [tape 1] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1975 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dr. Rudi Haering tells how he became involved in exploring the trade route along Alexander Mackenzie's trail through BC, and looking for the source of a form of obsidian used in trade among native people; X-ray techniques in archaeology; trade routes; how the three scholars (i.e., Haering, Carlson, and Nelson) got together to find the source of the mysterious obsidian; findings; problems along the trail. TRACK 2: Finding the trail from Mackenzie Pass to the Bella Coola Valley; trip from the Blackwater Ranch to Mackenzie Pass through Kluskus and Ulkatcho; Burnt Bridge Creek; canoeing down the Bella Coola River with natives; Indian story about Mackenzie.

CALL NUMBER: T3149:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The obsidian trail : [tape 2] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1975 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Retracing Mackenzie's route from Blackwater Ranch on horseback and wagon; campsites; wildlife; artifacts; local ranches; more on campsites; Kluskoil Lake. TRACK 2: Pan Phillips' ranch; looking for obsidian in Ulkatcho mountains; more about Kluskus; other travellers; trail from Eliguk Lake to Ulkatcho; Mackenzie's accomplishment; visit to Mackenzie's rock; Saugstad house at Hagensborg.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The interview begins with the story of Mr. Blenkinsop's arrival from England in 1907. He discusses his work at the Chilco Ranch, raising horses at Farwell Canyon, ranching on Big Creek and the growth of Chilco Ranch and the development of ranching in the area. He describes some of his experiences driving freight wagons and catching wild horses. He tells stories about Mr. Church, a horse hunter, other settlers in the area, local Indians, and Norman Lee of Alexis Creek. TRACK 2: Blenkinsop discusses the sales of cattle, Becher's stopping house near Riske Creek, cattle drives, and the Cotton Ranch.

CALL NUMBER: T1467:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Jane Lehman talks about her early life and later experiences in the Tatla Lake/Anahim Lake area of the Chilcotin, from 1919 to 1964; her first memories of arriving in the Cariboo with her family, the Bryants; a description of the journey to Tatla Lake; life at Tatla Lake; further education and training as a nurse; more on her childhood; her brothers and sisters; and episodes at Anahim Lake. TRACK 2: Mrs. Lehman continues with more on life at Anahim Lake; experiences as a nurse in the area; comments on local Indians and how they have changed; and memories of particular Indians.

CALL NUMBER: T1467:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Lehman describes details and anecdotes about travel in the bush, her nursing experiences, delivering babies, health care in the area, and more on her experiences in the bush and with Indians. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], [1973?]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Jean Mark recalls her experiences as a school teacher at Tatla Lake in the Chilcotin, 1928-29. She also discusses Phyllis Bryant Kellis and her children (the Bryant family); Leonard Butler; the school building; the Bellamy girls; Cyrus Bryant and his father, Frank Bryant; description of the Bryant's cabin and furniture. TRACK 2: The Bryant children also went to school in Vancouver (1927) and in Williams Lake (after 1929). The seasons and scenery at Tatla Lake; the Bryant's vegetable garden; the story of Phyllis's piano; felt lonely at Tatla, and took trip to Williams Lake and Clinton with Claire Gilliland; Quesnel Dam; dancing and singing at Tatla Lake; mail days; discarded books shipped to Tatla School from a library; descriptions of the Bryant children and their activities; prayers at school. [End of interview]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Joe Clemine recalls some aspects of Indian life in the Dog Creek - Alkali Lake area, 1860 to 1920. Clemine discusses his family background and the land they lived on. He describes the Indian attitude toward land. He speaks of his grandfather, and how he used to raise horses. He describes packers and pack trains in the area. He offers a detailed description of the Alkali Lake Reserve and the 1862 smallpox epidemic. He discusses his school days at Mission School and the conditions of life for Indians at school.

TRACK 2: Mr. Clemine discusses Native schools in the 1960s. Then he discusses the Indian way of life: hunting, food, clothes, houses, stories of various altercations between Indian tribes, and the Indian religion.

CALL NUMBER: T0366:0001 track 1 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-26 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Lillian Collier, nee Ross, was born at Riske Creek in 1904 on her father's ranch, Becher House, which she describes in great detail. She mentions the Becher House fire of 1915. She discusses the lack of schools, Mrs. Becher and Mrs. Cotton, Indian problems connected to liquor, and her social life. She describes her grandmother as an Indian woman married to a white man: a Mr. Williams, who was murdered by Indians. Her grandmother remarried a Scot named Bill Swanson. Mrs. Collier's grandfather died in 1931 at the age of 103. She illustrates her grandmother's description of the Waddington Massacre of 1864, and many outstanding traits of her grandmother.

CALL NUMBER: T0366:0001 track 2 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1971 SUMMARY: TRACK 2: Mrs. Collier tells the story of the meeting her husband, the writer Eric Collier. She offers details about the operation of Becher House, social life there, how she was married there in 1928, Eric Collier's literary ambitions, how the Collier's started guiding in 1938, and the story of how Eric Collier came to write "Three Against The Wilderness".

CALL NUMBER: T0366:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1971 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Collier offers details about the publishing of "Three Against The Wilderness" and outlines part of the story. She discusses Eric Collier's childhood and youth, Eric Collier as a writer;, her own role in Eric's writing, more on Mr. Collier as a writer and a person, and the Collier family in the 1950s.

TRACK 2: Mrs. Collier continues with more discussion of the book, reviews and reactions to the book, Eric Collier's ill health in the 1950s, a discussion of the book's title, translations of the book into Spanish, German, French and Polish, editions of the book and the consequences of being well-known.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-11-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Martha Mulvahill talks about life at Chezacut in the Chilcotin from 1908 to 1930. Mrs. Mulvahill describes how she came to Chezacut in 1908; the Maxwells and other neighbours; her husband John W. "Charlie" Mulvahill; her first impressions of the area; people at Chezacut; the name Chezacut; local Indians; visitors; schools; the mail service; Christmas at Chezacut; and general comments. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Percy Hance talks about some aspects of life around Hanceville in the Chilcotin, 1870 to 1920. Mr. Hance tells the story of how his father, Orlando Thomas Hance, came to the Chilcotin, started a store, took up land, built a mill and met his wife, Percy's mother. Hance discusses Indians in the area, a story about George Meyers, his father's fur trade and his store. Mr. Hance describes other early ranches in Chilcotin, Becher's at Riske Creek, Christmas in Hanceville, winters, childhood, names of settlers in the area, a story about a remittance man, round-ups, and changes in range land.

TRACK 2: Mr. Hance describes cattle, dances and social events. Then Hance discusses driving the mail, Indians at Anahim Lake and at Hanceville, cattle drives to Ashcroft. Finally, Mr. Hance describes how he used to keep the jail, and law and order in Chilcotin.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1973 SUMMARY: Rene Hance's father, Tom [Orlando Thomas] Hance, was the first white settler in the Chilcotin area in 1879. Rene was the local coroner, lay judge and magistrate for many years. He talks about Hanceville, the ranch, store, post, office, and the local Chinese community. Routes into the area via Soda Creek, 150 Mile House, Sheep Creek Bridge. Bob Henderson, who had the first store in Williams Lake. Criminal cases involving local Indians. Polo players. Local characters. Supplies came in every six months; freight teams via Gang Ranch.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hance Ranch, Chilcotin : 1879 - early 20th century RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967 SUMMARY: An oral history interview with Rene Hance, whose father, Tom [Orlando Thomas] Hance, was the first white settler in the Chilcotin area in 1879. Chinese buildings near Hanceville. Visiting the Chinese. The ranch at Hanceville. Origins of Riske Creek. Life of the ranch. Other ranchers: Lee, Tretheway. Crime and punishment in the region. Mail service. Indian-white relations.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1970 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Thomas Squinas talks about his father, Chief Domas Squinas; the arrival of Alexander MacKenzie as told by his father; the Ulgatcho people; more on Chief Squinas' life; trails in the Anahim Lake region, his father's packing days; the arrival of white men; the Waddington massacre; trapping and the first settlers; Jane Bryant. TRACK 2: Mr. Squinas continues with more on Jane Bryant; frontier first aid; Tom and Annie Engebretson; pre-contact stories; getting supplies from Tom Lee's store at Alexis Creek; and Antoine Capoose.

CALL NUMBER: T0423:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Thomas "Tom" Carolan discusses various aspects of settlement and life in the Cariboo, 1850 to 1930. The interview begins with the story of William Pinchbeck, Cariboo pioneer. Stories follow about Amadie Isnardy; Mexican packers and the pack trains; Antonio Boitano; the Chilco Ranch area; the local history of the Cariboo; his perceptions of Native people; and the television series "Cariboo Country". Carolan discusses his own background in Alberta and hunting wild horses in the Cariboo, circa 1927. He tells stories about the famous packer Jean Caux ("Cataline"), the Tressiera family, and Rosetti.

TRACK 2: Carolan continues his stories about packers and Cataline. He describes fiddlers in the Cariboo; Johnny MacLean and the MacLean brothers; hangings in Williams Lake; Judge Begbie's justice; Charlie Skinner; the James railway survey circa 1870; more on William Pinchbeck; and the Cache Creek boarding school. Mr. Carolan discusses settlers entering the Chilcotin and the China Flats; and Chinese miners. He mentions Becher's place at Riske Creek; the Bryant family; and the hurdy-gurdy girls.

CALL NUMBER: T0423:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Carolan describes dances at the big ranches and changes in the Cariboo after WWI. Then he describes cattle in the Cariboo; Amedee Isnardy of Chimney Creek Ranch; the importance of Barkerville; and law and order. Mr. Carolan describes ranchers and ranches of the Chilcotin; the Harper family; Alkali Lake Ranch; Canoe Creek Ranch; Henry Koster; and Upper Dog Creek Ranch. Then he discusses the Big Bar area; raising pigs; and ranches on Chilcotin River.

TRACK 2: The final installment begins with a description of roads in the Chilcotin; Benny Franklin; the ways of the pioneers; Mr. Carolan's family background; and a discussion of Hudson's Bay company activities in the early 1800s. Fur trade routes are mentioned as well as Hudson's Bay Company posts at Anahim Lake. Finally, Pat McClinchy, an old timer of the western Chilotin; the Lee family; John Cook, a Gulf Island pioneer; and children of white/Indian parentage are discussed.

CALL NUMBER: T0625:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. William (Bill) Broughton recalls the Chilcotin region of the 1930s. Mr. Broughton describes his life as he was born in Alexandria; his family; a description of Lillooet and Clinton before 1920; childhood memories of freighters and stages at Alexandria before 1913; how he joined the Provincial Police Force in 1930; being stationed at Hanceville; duties; the telephone system in the Chilcotin in the 1930s; a description of the Chilcotin landscape; and settlers in the early days. TRACK 2: Mr. Broughton continues describing the region; housing; refrigeration; present versus past landscape; roads; place names; Becher house; Eric and Lillian Collier's place; Eric Collier's book "Three Against The Wilderness"; more physical description of the Chilcotin region; and the attitude of residents toward law enforcement.

CALL NUMBER: T0625:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Broughton discusses several people who gave character to the Chilcotin region during the 1930s; the epic scale of the country; Indians; children; the spirit of the community; humorous anecdotes involving the telephone system and home brews. [TRACK 2: blank.]