CALL NUMBER: T1200:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Alan Benson : the Hazelton area, 1923-1961 PERIOD COVERED: 1923-1961 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-12 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Alan Benson recalls coming to Hazelton (1923), his first impressions of the area, old-timers including: "Happy Turner", George Birnes, "Dutch" Cline and Dave Wiggins [sp?], changes in Hazelton (1923-61), the physical situation of the three Hazeltons, the railroad and New Hazelton. TRACK 2: Alan Benson talks about methods for getting supplies to the north country; taking the steamer to Hazelton onto Babine, the schooner to the headwaters and across the portage to Stuart Lake. (Tape sound quality is poor, stops and varies). He describes packers and pack trains, repacking at Two Mile, trails, bridges, an Indian bridge over Babine River, Second Cabin and a story about a trip to Second Cabin to apprehend an insane man.

CALL NUMBER: T1200:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Alan Benson : packing, pack trains and the Skeena country, 1923-1961 PERIOD COVERED: 1923-1961 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-12 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Alan Benson describes the pack trains and packing methods used by George Birnes, the aparejos Mexican pack rigging, packing a horse or mule, a typical day on the pack train, the horse wrangler, carrigudor [sp?] and stevedore, freight loads, qualities of a pack horse or mule and Poison Mountain. He talks about the photographic work of Howard Innis who studied the Skeena River country, the National Film Board later used his work to make the "Skeena River Trap Line" and "People of the Skeena". The Babine River Slide (1952) is also discussed.

CALL NUMBER: T1193:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Bert and Sarah Glassey : Hazelton, 1900-1914 PERIOD COVERED: 1900-1914 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Joseph H.F. "Bert" Glassey recalls coming to Hazelton from 150 Mile House in 1904, details of the Indian "uprising" at Hazelton, impressions of George Birnes and the background to the Simon G;unanoot affair. TRACK 2: Bert Glassey recalls some of the early residents of Hazelton, Jim May, Jean Caux (Cataline), the telegraph line, Jack Graham, the pack trains and the Tom Hankin family -- Connie Cox. Mrs. Sarah Glassey talks about coming to Hazelton (1906), the journey to visit her relatives, the return trip along the Skeena, her first impressions of Hazelton, local residents and her second trip in 1910.

CALL NUMBER: T1193:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Sarah Glassey : homesteading in the Hazelton area, 1911-1914 PERIOD COVERED: 1907-1914 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Glassey continues with her impressions of Hazelton ca.1910, becoming the "first woman pre-emptor in B.C." -- 1911, plans for her house, incidents along her journey to Hazelton on the "In;lander", settling in her homestead, hunting skills, her homestead and the Kispiox Valley. [Track 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 1 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox (nee Hankin) begins this tape with a story about her uncle Charlie Hankin (partner of Billy Barker) and his promise to Josephine, the dance hall hostess at Barkerville, about her burial. A story is told about Isaac, a Babine Indian, who was awarded medals from the Humane Society and the Catholic Church. She talks about the background to the "Skeena River Rebellion" of the 18;80's. TRACK 2: This tape continues with the "Skeena River Rebellion", a childhood story about measles, Constance Cox's childhood at Hazelton, her family, the Manson Creek gold rush -- 1870, Indian women packers into Manson Creek, Cataline, Erza Evans and mining on Manson Creek.;

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 2 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates the following legends: the legend of the Sunbeam which is depicted on a Chilkat Blanket from Kitwanga and the adoption of the fireweed as the clan symbol at Kispiox; the; Frog legend depicted on a totem pole at Kitwancool and a Haida legend depicted on a totem pole about cruelty to animals. Indian foods and cooking methods are discussed. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues with her discussion about Indian foods, collecting sap from evergreens, berries, wild vegetables, medicinal preparations, an incident while nursing for Dr. Wrinch at Hazelton concerning a women with cancer and another nursing story.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 3 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates a story about an Indian woman called "Emma". She continues with a story about Captain Fitzgerald (Gold Commissioner) who was taken prisoner at Kitseguecla (Skeena Crossing) and the subsequent trial (1871). She speaks about the first Reserve Commissioner Peter O'Reilly, the reaction to reserves in Kispiox, A.W. Vowell, the next Reserve Commissioner, and the Kitwancool Indians. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues speaking about A.W. Vowell and the Reserve Commission at Kitwancool, the Kitwancool Indians, "Kitwancool Jim" and the Kitwancool totem pole histories. She speaks about the Collins and Yukon Telegraph lines, building the lines, the operators and linesmen and the visit of a "globe-trotting" woman -- Thea Francis (1920?).

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 4 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates her childhood memories of a canoe trip up the Skeena River (ca.1900). She speaks about Bishop Ridley, the Diocese of Caledonia, Metlakatla, Haida canoes, incidents along; the canoe journey, towing canoes upriver, dangers along the Skeena, villages, the "Mount Royal" paddlewheeler and Haida children learning canoe skills. TRACK 2: This tape begins with a description of a totem pole raising ceremony at Kitwancool, tragedies of the "Trail of '98", Rev. Harold Alfred Sheldon (c.1884), the Inverness Cannery and her father's business interests, Father Morice and his work with the Carrier Indians and the visit of the Catholic Bishop (Bishop Dontonwell?).

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 5 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape provides a continuation of Constance Cox's recollection of the visit of the Catholic Bishop to the Carrier Indians at Babine, more details about Father Morice's work -- his book and; map, his relationship with the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort St. James, a description of the destruction of his printing press, Father Morice's penance and later years, incidents at Fort St. James and; the HBC factor at Fort Fraser, Mr. Sinclair. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues with more recollections about Mr. Sinclair and his grave at Fort Fraser. She speaks about the destruction of Indian culture, the language of the Tsimshian, Gitksan and Carrier Indians, the white settlers who learned the native languages, her role as an interpreter, the Gitksan language, the "White Cross Society", native art, totem carving past and present, erection of a new totem pole and the legend of the Kispiox -- House of the Beaver.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 6 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The legend of the Kispiox -- House of the Beaver is continued on this tape. Constance Cox provides additional information about the Gitksan language, her background in native languages, the Methodist missionary at Hazelton -- Mr. Matheson (1871), the Anglican missionaries (1880), the "Queek", the Gitksan as carvers and designers and the dispute over ownership of the Bulkley Canyon c.1900.; TRACK 2: This tape continues with a description of the dispute over the Bulkley Canyon, a Gitksan artist -- Gisemax (sp), other Hazelton incidents, and a story about the group of American miners and adventurers under Mr. Gryder that arrived in Hazelton under the false assumption that gold had been discovered.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0007 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 7 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox remembers her father, Thomas Hankin, his background, his coming to British Columbia (1857) as a Hudson's Bay Company factor and establishing the Hudson's Bay Post at the Skeena-Bulkley junction, his first encounters with the Indians, the song of the "iron kettles", his staking of the town site of Hazelton (1858), the 1870 Manson Creek Goldrush, story of a greenhorn and the naming of Frying Pan Mountain, William Manson and miners drowned in Kitselas Canyon. She continues with Thomas Hankin's business interests, his role in the Masonic order, Constance Cox's education, her step-father -- R.E. Loring, The Inverness Cannery, Thomas Hankin's death, his brothers -- Phillip and Charlie Hankin and the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade. TRACK 2: Constance Cox recounts childhood memories, Simon Gunanoot as a child, the Trail of '98 -- May to October 1898, Cox as nurse and doctor to Indians and 98'ers, stories and incidents, the story of the murder of Sir Arthur Curtis, Tom Hankin Jr. losing cattle on Poison Mountain and patients at the dispensary.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0008 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 8 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The trail of '98 patients at the Hazelton dispensary and the rescue and nursing of Frank Farling is recalled by Constance Cox. She relates a personal anecdote about a "love letter" and Moosekin Johnny's Restaurant. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Chief Dick Lattie : Hazelton Indians (Gitksan) RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), [196-?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In this interview, Chief Dick Lattie of the Gitksan tribe at Hazelton speaks about his birth and family, his family house, "Gitanmaax" -- the Indian name for the Hazelton area, the first vil;lage, the arrival of the first white settlers, his grandfather -- Chief Katamaldo (sp), dances and celebrations, pre-contact trade between the Babine/Nass and Skeena, and ceremonial objects. [TRACK 2;: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Port Simpson Mission 100th anniversary PERIOD COVERED: 1914-1948 RECORDED: Port Simpson (B.C.), 1974 SUMMARY: Dora Flewin: Father was the Reverend J.C. Spencer, minister at Port Simpson from 1914-21. She describes training for nursing. Discusses doctors, nurses and the Girls' Home in Port Simpson. Conditions at the Methodist Mission and the hospital. [Interview date: 1974-11-10] Reverend Robert Faris: Discusses history of the 'Ksan project at Hazelton, and the arts and crafts of the Northwest Coast native peoples.; [The tape may also include a brief interview with Reverend John Williams of Kitamaat Village, who is of Haida ancestry.];

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Flora Martin remembers the Hazelton area before World War I PERIOD COVERED: 1890s-1914 RECORDED: [location unknown], [1964-09?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Flora Martin, wife of George Franklin Martin, begins this interview speaking about the arrival of the steamboats at Hazelton, McIntosh's Landing, the purser -- Mr. Lockerby, steamboat noises,; freight canoes, more about the arrival of boats at Hazelton, news of the wreck of "The Mount Royal" (1907), the Hudson's Bay Company store, Cunningham's store, Sargent's store, Hazelton, the Rev. John Field, the Indian language, the legend of an abandoned Indian village -- Dimlhamet (sp?) and pronunciation and meaning of Indian place names in the Hazelton area. TRACK 2: Flora Martin recalls pack; trains and local characters at Hazelton: Cataline, Cayuse Jack Graham, Barney Mulvaney, Dick Sargent, Dr. H.C. Wrinch and changes in Hazelton.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Francis Bell Chettleburgh : Hazelton and Telkwa regions PERIOD COVERED: 1909-1925 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-03-26 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Francis "Chet" Chettleburgh speaks about his trip up the Skeena to Hazelton 1909, travelling on the sternwheeler "Port Simpson" from Port Essington, impressions of Hazelton, the Rev. J. Field;, Sealyville (sp), Indian disturbances at Kispiox and Kitwancool, Hazelton residents, the Two Mile "red light district", Barney Mulvaney and George Birnes' mail route, Rev. Tomlinson and the mission at Minskinisht. He recalls Hazelton's hotels, stores, families, recreation, residents, regular visitors, Indians, social life, the Hazelton of 1911, "Cataline" and "Blackjack McDonald". TRACK 2: Francis Chettleburgh continues with recollections about Hazelton. He recalls Sarah Glassey, her "Rabbit Ranch" and her "dining room", the Hudson's Bay Company warehouse -- "Stonehouse" liquor dispensory, names of local packers, Groundhog Valley description and mines, Dick Sargent and Indian workers. He talks about his move to Telkwa, his stores, Rene Degville, Jack McNeil and his hotel, Mike Touhy, Joe Bourgon and Sarah Bourgon (nee Capewell), Charles Orchard, the feelings of brotherhood for men in the country, Eli Culbertson (sp) and a local incident.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Henry H. Little describes Prince Rupert 1908 and the Hazelton region, 1910-1920 PERIOD COVERED: 1908-1920s RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-03-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Henry Hyslop Little talks about coming to Prince Rupert (1908) and being sent to open the Union Bank in Hazelton (1910). He describes his trip up the Skeena and arrival in Hazelton, establishing the bank, the Hazelton town site, buildings, Rev. John Field, Charles F. Morison, merchants, Dick Sargent, hotel proprietors, Walter Williscroft, early residents, housing, the climate and natural; beauty, the native population, bank customers -- geographical range, packers: Cataline, Charleson/Barrett and George Birnes, Barney Mulvaney, Maitland Dougal and Rene Degville. TRACK 2: Henry Little; speaks about Rene D'Egville, the Union Bank operations, railway construction and mining, the Hazelton area, Blackjack MacDonald, Hazelton hospital and staff, Bulkley Valley settlement, Kispiox, prospector -- Charlie Eck (1910), Hazelton from 1910-20 and the water system.

CALL NUMBER: T3913:0001 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-11-18 / 1980-11-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Irving Bell discusses: his background -- birth and early history of parents; father's antique business; early schooling and living places; adventurous as a boy; taking the steamer to Skeena country. Describes scene from ship. Work as busy boy at Tern City Club (?). More about the journey on the boat. Speaks of Ole Hansen. Talks of industry in Skeena area. Three Hazeltons. TRACK 2: Irving Bell: 1936 flood at Hazelton; first impressions; first job at old H.B.C. store; Mrs. Newaski's boarding house. Describes H.B.C. store. Anderson bought building. Alan Benson and shoes anecdote. Discusses: Native people -- story of Simon Gunanoot; three main stores -- Dick Sargeant; problems of Indian agents; domination of Christian churches; settlers in area; parties; line cabins.

CALL NUMBER: T3913:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Missionaries in B.C. : Irving Wells Bell RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-11-18 / 1980-11-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Irving Bell discusses: story of linesman savings; how they spent money; how isolation affected them; reason for being fired from job. Mrs. Cox -- her history, Indians, weather prophet. Job at Kitwanga. Meeting with Natives -- boxing. Missionary at Kitwanga. His background and his wife's background. Missionary's priest taught children to sing. TRACK 2: Speaks of Coxes -- visiting him at Kitwanga, more on Coxes. Went into history -- followed what Natives wanted. Learnt Native language. Missionaries had done nothing in teaching. Kept curriculum. Few Natives spoke English; they were not interested in their children's education. No doctor. School inspector visit. Fixing up of totem poles. Mention of the United school. Kitsegukla. Bud left Kitwanga. Mention of school teachers. George Berns, Love family, school teacher at Love ranch. Mentions settlers in Kispiox. Mentions happenings in Kispiox and the Valley of Morn. Promises to England. George Berns gets a wife. How gold strikes originate with the Natives. Paints bridge. Water business. Changed boarding to room over store Myers and Smith. Old days in Kerrisdale: boarding house. Midwifery in kitchen. Worked on several jobs: range assistant. Learned about fur buying. Begins story of Manson Creek. Talks of dive boats. Use of canoes in floods. Use of river. Problem of ice.

CALL NUMBER: T3913:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Missionaries in B.C. : Irving Wells Bell RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-11-18 / 1980-11-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Irving Bell discusses: river; road conditions- frost boils; hotels; Bud Dawson and Omineca Hotel. Loss of beer parlour to fire. Fire protection -- bucket brigade. Feud between Pete Cowigan and Bud Dawson. Mentions inhabitants. Talks about a white man who lived on a Native reserve. Throwing of furniture on to road. Three old-timers in front of hotel. Mentions settlers. Chinese cafes. Describes Chinese. No apparent racism. Hunting incident -- shoots loon. Scotty McCrae -- hotel owner. Other pioneers. Native graves spoiled. Natives did not accept Christianity. Most Natives could not speak English. TRACK 2: Irving Bell: Gitniquluk (?) village people; central heating; all influence by religion -- open to anything that provided enjoyment; Manson Creek journey; Luke Fauler (weather prophet); journey to Babine (Fort Babine); problem with toboggan; difficulties of journey; built fire on logs but dark anyways; old Native trades at Fort (Beas Lake Charlie?). Set out for Takla Lake. Native gives birth on trail. Crossing of Takla Lake. Working with Luke to establish a claim. McConkells' farm. Arrived at Billy Steale cabin. Billy Steale anecdote. Describes cabin. Blankets in bed. Went to claim.

CALL NUMBER: T3913:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Missionaries in B.C. : Irving Wells Bell RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-11-18 / 1980-11-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Irving Bell discusses: doing some panning; working 'gentleman's agreement' claim; working for job with McConkells because of lack of food; getting job going for equipment; 'grizzly' encounters; working for McConkells for three weeks. Sent for provisions from Fort St. James. Skookum Davies. Got some gold. Returned via Vanderhoof because a road was now in area. Cabin on Bumblebee Creek "smallest in the world". Bear walks. Giles' growth story. Camped until road was done. Road the rails back to Hazelton. Met railroaders -- the 'system'. Mentions the Depression. Getting married. (End of interview)

SUMMARY: "Early Days in Hazelton, part 1", #14 in the series, consists of pioneer recollections of the birth and early days of Hazelton. This discussion continues in program #15; see T3262:0001 (description AAAB3574).

SUMMARY: "Hazelton Indian Uprising" is the third episode in the series. Constance Cox recalls an uprising among the Tsimshian Indians at Hazelton in the 1880s, brought on by an epidemic of measles.

SUMMARY: "Tom Hankin" is the first episode in the first series of "Living Memory". Constance Cox talks about her father, Thomas Hankin, who founded the town of Hazelton, and about his experiences with the Indian people of the area.

CALL NUMBER: T3866:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Missionaries in B.C. : Margaret Booth RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-12-06 SUMMARY: About Victor Harold Sansum.

TRACK 1: Margaret Booth discusses her father's background: born in Glasgow, went to America at age 14 to stay with some relatives, then up to Toronto; decided to go west to follow a Sunday school teacher he admired; went to theological college in New Westminster; fought in WW I, married an English girl; returned to Canada and was ordained as a minister with the Methodist church; parish in Hazelton, then Kispiox, where he began his work with Natives; enjoyed the challenge of working with Natives; lived a primitive lifestyle in northern B.C., difficult for her mother; relationship her father had; with the Natives at Kispiox -- his house was focal point of community activities; prevalence of T.B. in the Native community; father also went to a Norwegian community, Four Mile, while he was in Kispiox; anecdote about her father tutoring a boy who could not get to a high school; Indian graveyard at Kispiox; potlatches made her father's job more difficult; story about her father taking over one day for an Anglican service.

TRACK 2: Margaret Booth discusses her life as the daughter of a Methodist missionary: she had little contact with the Natives as a child; left Kispiox in 1926 because there were no white schools there; other white families in the north; in Vancouver for three years, father at a United Church; father got his M.A. at this time; back to the north, this time to Port Simpson; lived on a reserve; other whites in area were Anglican, odd situation; Captain Scott's library on the mission boat, the 'Thomas Crosby'; her school experiences in Port Simpson; church burnt down in 1931.;

CALL NUMBER: T3866:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Missionaries in B.C. : Margaret Booth RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-12-06 SUMMARY:

TRACK 1: Margaret Booth talks about her father's life as a missionary: differences between the Natives at Kispiox and Port Simpson; father's objection to potlatches; father learned to speak the language in Port Simpson and this helped his relations with the Natives. (End of interview);

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0014
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Martin Starret and Dick Lattie
RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1966
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues with his story about his arrival in Hazelton in October 1909 on the steamboat. He offers a detailed account of what Hazelton was like, including the stores there and their locations. He talks of pack horses and specific mule trains such as that of Cataline and George Burns. Mr. Starret offers his impressions of Hazelton as he and Mr. Orchard look over the town; he compares Hazelton in 1909 to [1966]. Dick Lattie, born 1895, talks about his life in Hazelton, and he and Mr. Starret recall when they first met in the fall of 1912. Mr. Starret and Mr. Lattie recall leading the Bell Mare pack train to Manson Creek with pipe for the miners. Mr. Lattie cooked and served food for the pack train. Mr. Lattie describes the trail from Hazelton along Babine Road, over the hills to Manson Creek where the miners were mining gold. He describes Manson Creek as it was. The miners there including a Chinese man named Packtrain Joe. Ferrying mules across Takla Lake; Ned Charleston's pack trains; and working for Cataline. TRACK 2: Mr. Lattie continues, discussing: pack trains, the Indian village before Hazelton was founded, where the first white settlements were and how the Indians moved to reservations.The first white man in the area was Charlie Humans [sp?] who moved there to start a store. Mr. Starret describes an Indian chief who had a lot of power, the first one who had a pole carved on the Hazelton reserve. Mr. Lattie discusses the towns in the area before Hazelton was founded and the white people came, and Indian chiefs and their homes. Mr. Lattie discusses trade between the people of Babine and Hazelton; instruments used in ceremonial dances; and the songs used in the ceremonies.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0015
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret discusses a 1909 trip on a Union Steamship vessel, the "Camosun", from Vancouver through Alert Bay to Prince Rupert to meet his mother at Metlakatla. The boys waiting at the dock could not read but bought news papers so as to look educated. Mr. Starret discusses boat travel during fall rains. He offers anecdotes about things that happened on the boat, including a story about a man who was looking for the saloon on the boat and the story of his hardships as told to Mr. Starret. Mr. Starret describes his experience upon landing in Prince Rupert, and the process of getting to Metlakatla and reuniting with his mother. Mr. Starret describes his experiences in Metlakatla, including people's names, a description of the town, and a meeting with Captain Irving. He describes the geography. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret discusses another four-day steamboat trip from Port Essington, up the Skeena River to Hazelton. He describes some of the passengers, including Blackjack McDonald, the cargo (70 tons of liquor for a hotel), the boat itself, the Captain's notion of shallow and deeper water, the condition of the boats, the crew, a character named Turley Hambley who established Hambley's Landing, what staterooms and dining saloons were like on board, the steerage accommodations, Captain Jackman, the scenery, Fred Daniels, and more on the passengers.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0016
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret tells the story of his mother; how she came to Hope at age sixteen to teach school and married his father a year and a half later. Eventually the ranch at Hope was not generating enough money to support the family, so she left with the three children (other than Martin) to teach all over the province. In January 1909, she went to Metlakatla to teach. Mr. Starret discusses people in the [northern BC] area, including Simon Gun-an-noot, other Indians and relationships with Indians. He discusses his experience attending South Park School in Victoria, and never feeling comfortable among the city kids there, and other aspects of his education. He describes his mother's physical appearance, ability as a teacher, her relationship with Martin and his brother, her ability as a fur trader (Fort St. James offered more money for fur than Fort Babine), and her retirement back to the ranch in Hope. Mr. Starret describes the location his uncle's home in Hazelton and the old original miners' cabins before the railroad came through. Mr. Starret tells a story about a time he dug potatoes and wheeled them across town for his uncle. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret describes what Hazelton looked like and what kind of place it was when he first arrived. One feature that distinguished it from other frontier towns was that it had warehouses. He describes the surrounding country and his experiences there, gardening techniques attuned to the landscape and climate, Hazelton's place along the Skeena River, a description of the buildings and their construction, the geography of Fort Babine, and salmon as the staple food of the Indians there. Mr. Starret then describes the town of Burns Lake and the people who lived there.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0017
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes his uncle Charles Victor Smith's house in Hazelton which was built by Indians. He goes on to discuss the life of C.V. Smith, including several life stories such as how he came to live in Hazelton. C.V. Smith took over his father's tug boat, until his eyesight began to fail him before he was forty years old. Smith decided to go into the fur business. He began by opening a shop and eventually moved to Hazelton in 1904. Mr. Starret discusses Smith's family including his two daughters. Mr. Starret tells a story about a trip to Babine with his uncle with mention to several Babine natives, attitudes of the Indians, interactions with Indians and details of a pack train. Indians based a storekeepers wealth by how much sugar he kept in stock, C.V. Smith had two hundred pounds on the same boat load which carried Blackjack's liquor. The idea was not to compete with Hudson's Bay Company, but to attract trappers. Mr. Starret tells a story about an Indian packer named Alfred Danes. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret describes how his mother was under the impression that Indians in the north were wild. She was worried about her brother until he assured her that the Indians were the easiest people to get along with in British Columbia. Several anecdotes about how Indians are easy to get along with are offered. Mr. Starret describes a saddle horse trip to Babine with his mother and uncle including the supplies they brought, camping equipment, cooking, the weather, the Indians they were with, anecdotes about the trip, and his mother's stiffness on the trail.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0018
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes in great detail the pack trail near Hazelton which was laid out by ex-Governor Dewdney from the goldfields of Babine Lake, through Fort St. James to Manson Creek; including reasons why the trail follows the course it does. Mr. Starret discusses the details surrounding C.V. Smith's trading post at Babine Village including details about local Indians and living conditions. He describes the log house in which the trading post was located and its furniture. Mr. Starret tells a story of the mail carrier Jim Williams who worked at the Babine Hatchery, whose wife lived in Babine Village; and a gift he bought her of a musical clock, and a story of her giving birth to a child which died two days later. Mr. Starret discusses Williams' reaction and the reaction of others in the community. Mr. Starret continues with more on his uncle's trading post and a night when an Indian spent the night with Smith and Mr. Starret's Aunt Agnes. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret discusses Carrier Indians in the Hazelton/Babine region and their church attendance. A church bell would ring and wherever anyone was, they would take off their hats and pray, and then resume work. Mr. Starret discusses the hygiene of the Indians and their living conditions. Mr. Starret describes C.V. Smith including his character and habits with the use of anecdotes. Mr. Starret believes that Smith's stubbornness was what made him successful; and he was a religious man who attended church. Mr. Starret discusses his own reasons for not attending church. Mr. Starret describes Smith's physical appearance including his posture, he always wore a Stetson hat and he would never drink. Mr. Starret describes his aunt Agnes Smith whose father was a coal miner also named Smith. Mr. Starret describes his cousin Clara Smith who was born at Moodyville and offers some stories about her. More on his uncle and how children did not like him. Mr. Starret offers his first impressions of Father Nicholas.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0019
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret offers his impressions of the Carrier Indians as he knew them in the early 1900s: their concentration skills and the ways in which they were brought up, Father Coccola sermonizing; about pre-marital relations, eating in church, religion and superstition. Mr. Starret offers several anecdotes about Father Coccola's interactions with Indians and a story about Father Dominic of Babine Lake who was an Indian that learned commerce from white men. Mr. Starret tells a story about the Father asking Indians "what hell is". Mr. Starret tells a story of Coccola as a young man who never thought he would be a priest, and stories about his old age. The Indian congregations at church in Babine and Stuart Lakes, the men and women sat separately. The Babine tribe consisted of two hundred and twenty-five people at that time and he discusses his feelings about Babine and Fort Connolly. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret describes his daily life at Babine Post: he begins with someone coming into the store to buy sugar and daily chores before getting into specifics such as an interaction with an Indian who tried to cheat him, another story about an Indian woman who came into the store with Hudson's Bay coupons, trading posts, Fort Thompson and the three families there. Mr. Starret relates tall stories as told to him by Eli Ferguson, who was an old timer who had several jobs and skills: an amusing tale about a time before horses were used, when people used oxen to pull yokes. There was a man plowing one morning with a side hill plow but the story is cut short.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0020
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes Fort St. James upon his arrival by canoe: the riverbank, the Hudson's Bay post, the layout of the town, a description of the houses and a few characters there, where the Indians lived in a place called the Rancherie, there was always one priest there. Mr. Starret discusses Father Coccola and his journeys all over the province. Mr. Starret describes his first trip into the Bulkley Valley to Round Lake in April 1911, to survey property for his uncle; including the landscape and characters he encountered. Mr. Starret describes his journey to Ootsa Lake in 1917 to buy fur at the time when Indians were bringing in beaver, including traveling with Father Coccola and having to borrow $2,000.00 from his uncle. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells the story of his uncle who wan;ted Martin to acquire Indian artifacts, one such artifact was Qua's dagger. Mr. Starret describes who Qua was. Mr. Starret tells the story of Sir James Douglas and his relations with the native people. The natives were upset about how he treated them. Douglas was sent to Stuart Lake to be an apprentice to the factor from an eastern post. During the factor's absence, there was trouble between the Indians and white people over the apprehension of a murderer. Eventually Douglas became Sir James Douglas, Governor of British Columbia. The natives became upset with the prices of goods which the Hudson's Bay Post supplied once the goods were shipped by steamboat. Mr. Starret discusses the value and quality of a variety of Hudson's Bay goods and trade with the Indians.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0021
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret discusses his belief that Carrier Indians always trusted the priests. Mr. Starret never heard anything negative said by the Carrier Indians about the Church until World War I, when there was a disagreement about discipline. Mr. Starret offers some anecdotes which offer insight into the relationship between the Indians and priests. Mr. Starret discusses and sings a song by A.J. Hamilton which came about around the time of WWI about home-brewed alcohol. Mr. Starret offers his final feelings about the country including the way he would like to remember it such as paddling along in a canoe at night and hearing a loon call. Mr. Starret discusses the attitude of the Indians that all white men are rich. Mr. Starret discusses the attitudes of people in the past as compared to people at the time of the interview. Mr. Starret tells a story of an Indian who was unjustly punished named Francis Prince who was ostracized by the community. There were no white men who were Catholics in the area but Indians were. Mr. Starret believes that priests were fair legal advisors who did not necessarily give favour to white men over Indians. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret offers his opinions on British Columbia and how it is not really a part of Canada. He feels that there is a division at the Rockies and that Americans are like cousins as their money has helped develop Canada. Mr. Starret discusses free trade and his view that British Columbia's way of doing things is the best and he thinks that the Government in BC is the best at the date of this taping. Mr. Orchard and Mr. Starret discuss politics. Mr. Starret prefers working outdoors and he always recognized himself as a Canadian, yet when he first took up land, he had to do it as a British subject, people were not recognized as Canadians in those days. Mrs. Starret, born 1904, describes her life as her father moved from Ontario in 1918 to Burns Lake. She describes her views of Canada and BC as a part of Canada.

SUMMARY: Two half-hour programs, adapted from Orchard's hour-long documentary "River of the Clouds" (1963). A lively account of life in and around the Skeena River, as recollected by native and white travellers and settlers on the river, from the days of the Indian freight canoes to the heyday of the sternwheelers. Voices heard include: Constance Cox, Captain Joe Gardner, Veroca Godfrey, Chief Jeffrey Johnson, Kathy Johnson, Flora Martin, John Morrison, Wiggs O'Neill, Vicky Simms, Martin Starret, Grace Stephens, and Bea Williscroft.

SUMMARY: (1) Totem raising ceremony, Hazelton. [00:26:00]. (2) Wiggs O'Neill: ferry story; prospector/Lost Mine story (start of story missing). [ca. 10 minutes] (3) Wiggs O'Neill on the Prince Rupert land sale (story of John Dean?); incomplete. [ca. 16 minutes]

CALL NUMBER: T1210:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Veroca Godfrey : growing up on the Skeena River boats : part 1 PERIOD COVERED: 1890s-1910 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-02-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Veroca Godfrey (nee Bonser) begins this interview speaking about Port Essington, living conditions, eulachon grease, and the Cunningham family and wives. She remembers, her father, Captain Bonser and "The Caledonia", rivalry between Captain Johnson and Bonser, the wreck of the "Mount Royal", conditions on the Skeena, traveling on a sternwheeler and steamer navigation. TRACK 2: Veroca Godfrey continues with a description of steamer navigation through canyons and along the river including: lining, spar poles, ring bolts and cables, Devil's Elbow, Beaver Dam, Sheep and Cottonwood rapids;, hand lining, an incident when scientists from Chicago exhumed Indian skeletons, the Indian crew, the boating season and noises and routines. She speaks about Indian villages, a Kitseguecla Indian ca;rving, her impressions of the Hudson's Bay Company post at Hazelton, Captain Bonser, Wiggs O'Neil, mosquitoes and black flies.;

CALL NUMBER: T1210:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Veroca Godfrey : growing up on the Skeena River boats : part 1 PERIOD COVERED: 1890s-1910 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-02-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Veroca Godfrey describes her father, Captain Bonser, his appearance and character, life on boats, passengers, accommodations, the dining room, bootlegging, Kitselas Canyon, Lorne Creek, residents in the Hazelton area, the tourist potential of a riverboat, and Captain Bonser's last years. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vicky Simms : Growing up in the Skeena country, 1890-1914 : part 1 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Vicky Simms (nee Morison) born at Metlakatla (c.1890) recalls early memories, schools and the hospital. She speaks about her mother (niece of Robert Cunningham), her father (a lay preacher), ;the Collison family, her father's move to Hazelton to manage Cunningham's store and to assist Rev. Field (1897), a canoe trip up the Skeena (1906), Indian canoe skills and songs, a mutiny at Kitseguecla, impressions of Hazelton, the Hazelton church organ, the spring exodus of the miners, Indian packers, social life and winter activities, the Hazelton town site, the Indian rancherie, Hazelton compa;red to Metlakatla, the Gun-an-noot affair and Bulkley Valley settlers. TRACK 2: Vicky Simms recalls Port Essington (1911) including: incidents, entertainment, Cunningham's Hall, the Skeena riverboats;, the Indian crew. Captain Bonser, the wreck of the "Monte Cristo" and the "Mount Royal". She speaks about Hazelton including: Cataline, packers, miners, Joe Lyons, Ezra Evans, the currency, Jack Graham (Cayuse Jack), Barney Mulvaney, Sperry Cline, Rev. Stephenson, Rene D'Egville, the effects of the war, life in Hazelton and the flood.

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vicky Simms : Growing up in the Skeena country, 1890-1914 : part 2 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape begins with a comparison of Metlakatla and Hazelton by Vicky Simms, and continues with recollections of Hazelton, first impressions, local residents, the family house, the murder of; Mr. Yeomans (the storekeeper), her father's position as manager of Cunningham's store, the Indians, the overwintering miners, Joe Lyons, the Chinese residents, childhood, the Klondike Goldrush of 189;8, prostitutes at Two Mile, Dr. Wrinch, the railway surveyors and engineers, the railway workers and camps, the miners, Ezra Evans, the Condit brothers, winter and summer sports, local vegetation, the; Indian reserve (rancherie), Indian dogs, housing and stories, the death of her brother Charlie and the Hazelton cemetery. TRACK 2: Vicky Simms continues with Hazelton recollections, the cemetery, Indian grave houses, the Gunanoot affair, local incidents, Rene D'Egville, Barney Mulvaney, currency, trade tokens, gold miners -- "pokes", Chinese miners, settler hardships, mail, anecdotes, fires, weather and clothing. She recalls Metlakatla missionaries, the Ridleys, the Ridley home and Dr. Ardagh (sp?).

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vicky Simms and John Morison : travel on the Skeena River by canoe and paddlewheeler PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1917? SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Vicky Simms recounts the trip of 1894 from Kincolith to Hazelton by boat and canoe with her mother and brother, travel and impressions of the Skeena River, early Hazelton, Rev. John Field and; the Hazelton church. She talks about the Indian crews on the canoes, Indian paddling and singing, the trip by canoe from Port Essington to Hazelton (1905), incidents along the journey and the crews r;efusal to continue past Kitseguecla. John Morison (Vicky Simms' brother) continues this interview and recalls the canoes, journey and conditions along the Skeena during the trip of 1905 with his mothe;r and sister, Kitselas Canyon, the Indian crew, downriver travel, Indian singing, a description of the Haida canoe, Indian navigation techniques and Port Essington. John Morison reminisces about his t;ravel along the Skeena River (he worked on the paddlewheeler "The Islander") including references to: "hole in the wall", legends and stories of points along the river, the lower Skeena River, vegetat;ion along the riverbanks, the river above Terrace and Cedarvale. [TRACK 2: blank?];

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): John Morison : travel on the Skeena River by paddlewheeler, ca. 1905-1917? SUMMARY: TRACK 1: John Morison continues speaking of his impressions of the trip along the Skeena including: "Devil's Elbow", Kitselas Canyon, scenery along the river and Hazelton. He relates a story about Hazelton -- a frontier town and the "Stonehouse". He describes in detail crew life aboard a riverboat including: sounds on the boat, the operation, decks and accommodation, sounds of the paddles, Captain; Bonser, uniforms, more about the operation, an incident at Ringbolt Island, Indian deckhands, Indians singing and accompaniment on the riverboats and problems with mosquitoes. TRACK 2: John Morison ;continues speaking about riverboats including information about: the crew -- wages, ages and duties, anecdotes, Bill Alexander -- the engineer, Joe Herrling, wood for the riverboats, bootlegging and t;he Indian pilot -- Walter Wright. He recalls the passengers, the special trips to Kispiox-Hazelton and the return trip Hazelton-Kispiox, more about passengers, the "drummers" (commercial travellers), ;women, amusements, impressions when approaching Hazelton, boat whistles, the first boat in the spring to Hazelton, store supplies, the Hazelton landing, boat whistles, the rivalry between Capt. Bonser; and Capt. Johnson, flags, an anecdote about Captain Bonser's dog, a practical joke, recreation -- horseshoes, fishing and soccer, more about the commercial travellers, the construction men -- "bohunks" and Blackjack MacDonald.

CALL NUMBER: T1042:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-31 SUMMARY:

TRACK 1: Mr. Bill Ferrier came to Canada from Scotland in 1910 to visit his sister in Victoria when he was 20 years old. He describes working in the East on his way out to Victoria; various jobs including working for a vet in Victoria and as a gun toter in a carnival and building a poultry farm; a three-year contract as a transport boss for the HBC at Babine; travel from Hazelton to Babine by dog team; his experiences in Hazelton; experiences with the local people including the packer Cataline (Jean Caux) and what life was like there; the Babine hatchery, poor fish hatchers; A.C. Murray, who; was the old factor at the HBC Fort at Fort St. James, and the hierarchy of the surrounding forts; jobs he worked at in Fort St. James; more on fishing and life at the hatchery from 1922 to 1928; how he got his dogs, and how he learned to use the dogs on a dog team. TRACK 2: Mr. Ferrier continues by describing Barney Mulvaney on the Babine Trail, Mary L. Jobe, delivering freight with schooners and other vessels on the Skeena River, fur packing and missionaries.

CALL NUMBER: T1042:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Ferrier describes Father Coccola and Father Woolfe in detail; Christmas celebrations; Native Indians; Martin Starret and his relationship with Indians, and the story of how Ferrier met Starret in 1913; anecdotes about Starret and Ferrier's experiences together; more on the Babine area; the HBC post at Babine; Fort St. James and the HBC post there; A.C. Murray and his family. [TRACK 2;: blank.]