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This series consists of Chief Forester reports, memoranda and correspondence with B.C. Lumber Commissioner regarding timber marketing and export policy; semi-official correspondence with District Foresters of Vancouver and Cranbrook Forest Districts; and preliminary report on grazing of livestock on Crown lands.

This series contains copies of letters and telegrams sent to Chief Forester, M.A. Grainger, by the British Columbia Agent General in London, regarding export of British Columbia timber.

This series contains correspondence files of the Forest Protection Branch. The records consist of letters inward and outward of the Minister of Lands, the Deputy Minister of Lands, and the Forest Fire Commissioner, Martin Allerdale Grainger. It includes letters from the Supervisor of Fire Wardens.

CALL NUMBER: T0548:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The career of a timber cruiser and logging layout man PERIOD COVERED: 1919-1941 RECORDED: Nanaimo (B.C.), 1974-08-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Discusses first involvement in the forest industry. Description of ground lead and high lead logging. Job of the 'tallyman'. The Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau. Cruising with Hibberson and Ryan, 1921-26. Working on government sponsored taxation cruise. Number of employees on Hibberson and Ryan Crew. Logistical problems in early timber cruising. Camp life and woods work while timber cruising, 1920s. TRACK 2: Anecdotes about storing food and problems with animals in the woods. Problems with insects. Waste in milling operations. Duties of the Compass man. Bullbucking and learning logging layouts, 1925-1935. Anecdote about M.A. Grainger. Working for Alberni Pacific Logging Company and later MacMillan & Bloedel. CALL NUMBER: T0548:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The career of a timber cruiser and logging layout man, 1919-74 RECORDED: Nanaimo (B.C.), 1974-08-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Greater emphasis on timber cruising, 1940s. Purchasing and operational cruising responsibilities, 1938-67. Chief Cruiser for MacMillan & Bloedel. Confidential nature of timber cruising. Efficiency of logging industry, 1936-74. Feasibility studies for Prince Rupert pulp mill. Work since retirement, 1967-74. Description of timber cruising methods, 1936-74. TRACK 2: Training of timber cruiser. Comments on the E and N Railway land grants and the effect on coast logging. Eustace Smith, Hal Gardiner, and Harry Baxter. The making of a good timber cruiser. Comments on labour unions, 1934-74. General comments on life as a timber cruiser. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T1866:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Robert E. Allen : the West Kootenays in the 1890s PERIOD COVERED: 1877-1896 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-10-24 & 25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Born in Nevada in 1877. To Spokane in 1880. Father a homesteader in Washington and later in the mining industry in Idaho. Family to the Slocan region in 1892. Trip from Kellogg, Idaho, to Nakusp, New Denver, Three Forks and Sandon. Hauling ore by pack trains. Jobs in the Sandon-New Denver area. Camp conditions. Helped father with mail contract, 1893. TRACK 2: Traveling in the West Kootenay region: Rossland, Nelson and the Slocan Valley. Adventures on a trip from Nelson to Three Forks via Kaslo. Allen has mail contract from Nakusp to the Slocan mines, 1893. Became packer for the mines. Allen in the transportation business in Sandon and Slocan City. CALL NUMBER: T1866:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Robert E. Allen : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1912-1917 PERIOD COVERED: 1896-1917 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-10-24 & 25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Sold out in Slocan City in 1906. Married in 1897. Story of his marriage and honeymoon. Lived in Slocan City, 1896-1910. Became a bush foreman, 1906. Sawmills in the West Kootenays. Flood on Arrow Lakes in 1907. Woods and packing jobs. Became road foreman in 1908 at Slocan City and Burton. Incident when Allen fired Sid Leary who was later Minister of Public Works for not working hard enough on road construction. TRACK 2: Political patronage in Public Works road crews. Allen got a job as a fire warden through the influence of William Hunter a Conservative back-bencher, 1911. Becomes divisional fire warden at Revelstoke in 1912. Traveling around his division. R.E. Benedict and John Lafon brought in from U.S. Forest Service to organize new B.C. Forest Branch, 1912. Allen becomes District Forester in Hazelton, 1913. Becomes head of amalgamated Prince Rupert Forest District, 1917. Staff in the Hazelton Forest District. CALL NUMBER: T1866:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Robert E. Allen : District Forester and mill operator, 1913-1926 PERIOD COVERED: 1913-1926 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-10-24 & 25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The Hazelton Forest District, 1913-17. Forest Rangers. Repetition of some earlier material about the Slocan mines. Becomes District Forester in Prince Rupert in 1917. Stories about M.A. Grainger, the second Chief Forester. Anecdote about Grainger's flat feet and his moccasins. Mrs. Grainger. Quit Forest Branch to go into sawmill business, 1919. TRACK 2: Anecdotes about Forest Branch personnel. In sawmill business, 1919-26. Hanall mill described. Working conditions in Hanall. Buys into a mill at Vanarsdol in 1925. Sawmills along the CNR line. The production of railway ties. CALL NUMBER: T1866:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Robert E. Allen : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1913-1945 PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1945 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-10-24 & 25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Tie production along the Skeena section of the CNR. Rejoined B.C. Forest Branch in 1926 as District Forester at Prince Rupert. Allen investigated after the change of government in 1928 but not fired. Allen non-political while employed by B.C.F.S. District Forester in Prince Rupert, 1926-30. Procedures for timber sales. Became District Forester at Kamloops, 1930-32. Became District Forester in Nelson, 1932. Squabbles over Forest Branch vehicles. TRACK 2: Allen was District Forester in Nelson, 1932-45. Retired in 1945. Staff of the Nelson Forest District. Staff. Fire a major problem in Nelson District. Dispute over who would be District Forester in Kamloops, 1940. Auction bidding for timber. Forest fires in the Nelson District. Expresses satisfaction with his Forest Branch career. Salaries for District Foresters. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T1867:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles S. Cowan : the B.C. Forest Branch and its Chief Forester, 1914-1937 PERIOD COVERED: 1914-1937 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-12-05 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Joined B.C. Forest Branch, 1914. Was Forest Assistant in Vancouver District. Anecdote about trespassers. George McKay, first District Forester in Vancouver District. W.J. Van Dusen, the next District Forester in Vancouver. Anecdote about meeting H.R. MacMillan by coincidence in London. Had worked for Canadian Commission of Conservation prior to 1914. Early impressions of H.R. MacMillan. Reconnaissance surveys of timbered land for the Commission of Conservation and the Forest Branch. Anecdotes about woods work. Anecdotes about Martin A. Grainger. TRACK 2: More anecdotes about Grainger as Chief Forester, 1916-20. Administration in the early Forest Branch. Setting the stumpage and royalty levels. More comments on Grainger. Grainger quits Forest Branch to represent timber owners. Peter Z. Caverhill, Chief Forester, 1920-37. CALL NUMBER: T1867:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles S. Cowan : the B.C. Forest Branch, CFP (Nimpkish) and Weyerhauser, 1920s PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1930 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-12-05 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Peter Z. Caverhill, Chief Forester from 1920 to 1937 [1935]. Cowan was District Forester in Vancouver until 1926. Problems of fire control and slash control. Fire prevention. Development of fire fighting equipment. TRACK 2: More on fire fighting equipment. Left Forest Branch in 1926 and went to work for Canadian Forest Products at Beaver Cove. Problems with establishing pulp and saw mills at Beaver Cove. How the directors of International Harvester became the owners of the Nimpkish Valley timber. Cowan plans a logging development for Cyrus McCormack in the Nimpkish Valley. Went to Washington to work for Weyerhauser in 1927. Forest fire protection in Washington State. New fire fighting equipment. CALL NUMBER: T1867:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles S. Cowan : forest fire protection PERIOD COVERED: 1927-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-12-05 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cowan talks about the development of new fire fighting equipment in Washington State. Changes in loggers attitudes towards fire. Developing fire protection practices. Orchard comments that B.C. generally follows developments in the U.S.A. More on fire fighting. TRACK 2: Anecdotes about the Canadian Armed forces. Stories about M.A. Grainger. Logging practices and changes. Logging and loading system. Application of tractors and early moving equipment to logging. Early logging trucks. CALL NUMBER: T1867:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles S. Cowan : logging methods PERIOD COVERED: 1880-1930 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1959-12-05 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Evolution of logging methods, equipment and technology. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T1871:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Reginald V. Stuart : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1914-1927 (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1927 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1960-01-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arrived in Vancouver in 1910 from Golden. Worked for Robert Filberg at Golden, 1919. Description of Vancouver in 1910. Clearing land in Vancouver. Stuart's early work history. Went to work at Powell River in 1911. Stuart enumerates the major logging companies on the South Coast and on Vancouver Island. Logging methods and technology in 1911. Wages and working conditions. Woods jobs. Stuart's work as accountant and scaler. TRACK 2: Forestry officials prior to the formation of the B.C. Forest Branch. Logging methods. The establishment of the B.C. Forest Branch under H.R. MacMillan in 1912. Stuart joined Forest Branch in 1914. Attempted political interference with the operation of the Forest Branch. Resistance to the ideas of forest management. Stuart's territory as a ranger. CALL NUMBER: T1871:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Reginald V. Stuart : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1914-1927 (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1914-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1960-01-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Anecdotes about Stuart's days as a ranger along the lower coast. Story of the resale of Hastings sawmill timber lease. Economic factors in the development of the forest industry. The low price of timber. Stuart worked for the Forest Branch, 1914-27. Reminiscences of the Chief Foresters: H.R. MacMillan, Martin Grainger, P.Z. Caverhill. TRACK 2: More on the career of M.A. Grainger. Comments on P.Z. Caverhill, Chief Forester in 1920s and 1930s. Stuart becomes manager of the Loggers Association, 1927. Public relations problems of the Forest Branch, 1920s. The first use of aircraft by the Forest Branch, 1917. Early air crashes near Vancouver. The first use of radios by the Forest Branch, 1920. Favourable comments on T.D. Pattullo. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T1887:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1893-1925 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Orchard born 1893 in Wakefield, N.B. Became a teacher in N.B. Comments on the development of forestry education. Entered forestry at UNB. In Canadian Armed Forces, 1914-19. Returned to forestry at UNB. Obtained job in BCFS in 1920. Met forester Charles S. Cowan and Chief Forester M.A. Grainger. Orchard's introduction to the Forest Branch. Early survey and cruising methods. Field work in Vernon. Working conditions in the Forest Branch. Cruise of the Kelowna watershed, 1920. Work along the Nass River, 1921. TRACK 2: More on cruising in the Nass River area, 1921022. Forest Branch work. Indians in the Nass country. Aiyansh. Comments on timber sales and forest management. Orchard put in charge of all forest surveys. Timber cruising methods. The development of forestry education. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1961 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: History of the B.C. Forest Branch: H.R. MacMillan, the first Chief Forester, 1912; early personnel; early forest inventories in B.C.; early organization of the Forest Service. Orchard becomes; District Forester in Cranbrook in 1924. Conditions in Cranbrook. Assistant District Forester in Nelson, 1925. Comments on Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill. Forestry conditions in B.C., 1910-40. Early timber leases. Comments on the Fulton Commission, 1909-10. Comments on Martin A. Grainger, secretary to the commission and later Chief Forester. Letter from H.R. MacMillan about Grainger and A.W. Ross, Minister of Lands. The Nelson Forest District in the mid-1920s. TRACK 2: More on the forest district especially about forest fires. Orchard becomes District Forester in Prince George, 1927. Transportation in the Prince George district. A forester's problems: fires and accounts. Attempted political interference in the Forest Branch. Patronage in the Public Service. Conditions in Prince George. Internal Forest Branch matters. Orchard moved to Victoria office, 1930. Patronage appointments of some staff. Orchard's duties. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 3) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forest Branch finances: Forest Protection Fund and annual allotments. Changes in Forest Branch function: forest protection before 1940 and forest management afterwards. Problems of the Depression. Staff shortages. Forest Branch equipment. Fire pumps. Orchard become head of Forest Service research, 1932. More on Depression problems. Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill dies, 1935. E.C. Manning becomes Chief Forester and Orchard Deputy Chief Forester, January 1936. Comments on Caverhill and Manning. Manning a promoter of parks. Parks turned over to Forest Branch in 1939. Parks to Recreation and Conservation in 1957. More on Manning. Manning dies in an air crash and Orchard becomes Chief Forester, 1941. Problems presented by WW II. The new job. TRACK 2: Problems of WW II. Forest industry profiteering. Labour problems. The perception of management problems in the early 1940s. The idea of sustained yield develops in the 1940s. Experiments in small log production. Role of Bob Filberg in these experiments. Political pressures on the Forest Service. Socreds susceptible to industry pressure. More on sustained yield. Orchard's memorandum on sustained yield, 1942. Private debate on forest management, 1942-43. Gordon Sloan appointed Royal Commissioner to look into forest management, 1943. The Sloan Commission. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 4) PERIOD COVERED: 1943-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Sloan Commission hearings, 1943-45. Orchard becomes Deputy Minister of Forests, 1945. Orchard continues as Chief Forester. Problems of wartime. Sloan's report in 1945 supports sustained yield. Evolution of the Forest Management License concept. E.T. Kenney becomes Minister of Lands and Forests, 1944. Comments on Kenney. Amendments to the Forest Act, 1946 and 1947. Disagreements with J.V. Fisher, Deputy Minister of Finance. Opposition to FMLs. Problems with the license system. Negotiations for early FMLs. TRACK 2: Forest management experiences elsewhere. Orchard's faith in the forest management system. The second Sloan Commission, 1955-56. Forest Service takes returning WW II veterans. Comments on UBC Faculty of Forestry. Ranger school at Green Timbers. Construction of ranger school. Comments on Fred Mulholland. Progress in the forest industry. Integration in the forest industry and reasons for it. Post-war production trends. Defense of forest management policies. Forest Service roads. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 5) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forestry work under the Silvicultural Fund. Fund ended in 1956. The second Sloan Commission into forestry, 1955-56. The Socred takeover, 1952. Orchard's opinions of the Socred government. The Sommers case from Orchard's point of view. Summary of the accomplishments of the Forest Service from 1912. (End of interview)

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Constance G. Swartz discusses her family background. Her mother Winifred Higgs and her aunt Maybelle Higgs came to the Gulf Islands in 1896. Her father R.G. Grey came to Samuel Island in 1887. She describes social life and customs; father's attempts at agriculture; work on the family farm; parents married in 1900; more on agriculture and settler's experiences; religion and churches; nature appreciation; relation to Earl Grey; Indians; the Payne family of Saturna Island. TRACK 2: More on the Payne family; Warburton Pike who was a well-known explorer; Jack Aitkins of Moresby Isl;and; her aunt Maybelle Higgs married Martin A. Grainger in 1908; anecdotes about Grainger; the family moved to Esquimalt in 1910; Samuel Island in many hands since the Grey family sold it; comments on uncle Arthur Spalding.

Diary of R.G. Grey, 1879-1881, giving account of two voyages from London to Melbourne, typescript extracts from diary, 1906-1913, diary 1923-1932, papers on family history, re Josephine Butler (aunt), drafts of essays and letters to editors on world affairs, socialism; reminiscences of Winnifred Grey, 1895-1946, mainly re life on South Pender and Samuel Islands, school exercise books; letter to Evelyn (Grey) Smith, 1917, from army officer.

Clippings, printed material, notes and photographs accumulated during his career as a reporter on religious, military and marine matters in Victoria, including material on C.A.F. in Cyprus and Germany; records of the Old Contemptibles Association, Victoria; papers re Camp Thunderbird (Victoria YM/YWCA); papers on the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay; papers re Company I (theatre company) and M.A. Grainger. Photos transferred to Visual Records accession 198002-14.

The fonds consists of a journal (1913), personal correspondence, manuscripts, and a photo album of the Grainger family, much of which was created by Martin Grainger. Fonds includes correspondence regarding the authenticity of the dagger allegedly used to kill Captain Cook.

Journal/album (1913) of Grainger's father's visit to Vancouver Island; personal papers including Cambridge memorabilia and letter of recommendation; letters of his aunt and mother re family affairs; letters to his niece, Eve (Grey) Smith, 1928 (copies); letters to acquaintances in England re his travels in B.C. (1928-1931); MSS. of articles; newspaper clippings by and about Grainger; "The Story of Martin Allerdale Grainger" by Basil Cleaver; copy of Woodsmen of the West inscribed "to my wife"; curriculum vitae of R.G. Grey and copy of letter to him from Overton Price. Album belonging to Eve Smith transferred to Visual Records.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): hand logging in B.C. PERIOD COVERED: 1850-1920 RECORDED: Nanaimo (B.C.), 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In a talk to the Nanaimo Historical Society, Mr. Schon discusses in detail the subject of hand logging; its history and development on the BC coast; outlines the life of the hand logger; and describes the hand logger's tools. TRACK 2: The Land Act of 1888 and its effect on the hand logging industry; Chief Forester Martin Allerdale Granger and his involvement in the early forest industry in BC.