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Provincial Archives of British Columbia audio interviews, 1974-1992
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Imbert Orchard interview : [Reimer, 1978]

CALL NUMBER: T0990:0003
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Introduction to aural history
PERIOD COVERED: 1909-1961
RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1978
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Orchard's background in the study of history and English. Orchard's developing interest in local history in Ontario, ca. 1931. The strong first impression of B.C. on Orchard. The "compression" of B.C. history. The "epic" quality of pioneer life in B.C. "Variety" in B.C. Orchard's war work in the field of camouflage. Spent nine years in Alberta in the field of drama. Began as a script editor for CBC radio and TV. Orchard's first recordings with Constance Cox, 1960. Comments on CBC bureaucracy. TRACK 2: Orchard's first radio series on the Skeena with John Edwards as producer. Orchard's first interviewing trip to the Skeena, 1961. The selection of subjects. Recording techniques. Ian Stephen as Orchard's technician. More on the first Skeena River trip. Recording with Wiggs O'Neill, Sara Bourgon.

CALL NUMBER: T0990:0004
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Recording the "Living Memory" of British Columbia
PERIOD COVERED: 1961-1967
RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1978
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Continuation of the story of Orchard's first Skeena trip, 1961. The second Skeena trip, 1962. Anecdotes about recording in the Skeena country. "River of the Clouds", Orchard's first big documentary program. Meeting Agnes Russ. Recording techniques and the routine of recording. Little preliminary research. More on Ian Stephen as Orchard's technician. Making the programs. The artist's eye and ear. "River of the Clouds" won awards. "Living Memory" a series of 15 minute sound programs. Recording the Victoria series of interviews in the spring of 1962. Recording in the Fraser Valley area, 1963. Meeting Martin Starret, 1963. Starret was Orchard's outstanding subject. TRACK 2: Continuation of the discussion of Martin Starret. Trip with Martin Starret to Babine Lake. Other outstanding interviews: Paddy Acland, Phyllis Bryant, Cornelius Kelleher. Major gathering trips in 1964 and 1965: Nicola, Cariboo, Boundary, Okanagan, Kootenays, Vancouver Island, Lower coast, Gulf Islands, etc. Orchard now able to do his own recordings. Anecdotes about Orchard's travels while recording. Orchard's new series, "People in Landscape".

CALL NUMBER: T0990:0005
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Aural history in British Columbia
PERIOD COVERED: 1964-1971
RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1978
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Canadian Centennial, 1967, a landmark in Orchard's broadcasting career. Discussion of new artist techniques used in the series of 1 hour programs, "From the Mountains to the Sea", 1967. Anecdotes about making the programs. Problems of separating "truth" from "myth" in the recordings. After about 1967, Orchard begins to do his own editing. Major journeys: the Chilcotin with Phyllis Bryant Kellis; the Parsnip River with the Boy Scouts, following David Thompson's route. About 2/3 of Orchard's recordings not yet made into programs. About 1/4 to 1/5 of the total material would go into programs. More on recording sessions. General reflections on aural history. [TRACK 2: blank. End of interview.]

E.K. "Ned" DeBeck interview : [Reimer, 1974]

CALL NUMBER: T0271:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early lumbering in B.C. PERIOD COVERED: 1865-1907 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1974-04-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Derek Reimer, Mr. DeBeck discusses: DeBeck family from New Brunswick; early lumbering on Burrard Inlet; timber cruising on North of Vancouver Island and around Knight Inlet; ownership of timber rights; early figures in the lumber industry on north Vancouver Island; Nimpkish Valley; Beaver Cove; anecdote concerning the "Finnish commune" at Sointula, B.C., 1900-1901; the rush for timber licenses in Nimpkish area, 1905-1907. [TRACK 2: blank.] CALL NUMBER: T0271:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early lumbering in B.C. and timber holdings in the Nimpkish Valley PERIOD COVERED: 1867-1970 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1974-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Derek Reimer, Mr. DeBeck talks about early lumbering in B.C. Anecdotes about Eustace Smith and his family. Changing timber cruising techniques, 1880-1970. Physical description of Eustace Smith. Anecdotes about the trapper, Otto Schoen. TRACK 2: Eustace Smith (continued from track 1). Anecdotes about timber cruiser, Bill Shannon. Characteristics of a good timber cruiser. Eustace Smith. Early hand logging techniques in B.C., 1867-1896. Description of early experiences in logging camps as a child and young man. Ox logging techniques and skid roads, 1870-1900. CALL NUMBER: T0271:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early B.C. lumber industry RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1974-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Derek Reimer, Mr. DeBeck talks about early lumbering in B.C. Ox logging, including care of the animals and types of equipment used. Life in the early logging camps, 1870-1900. Duties of the men in an ox logging camp. Anecdote about Tommy Roberts, "the logger's friend". Anecdote about Andrew Haslam. Advantages of steel cable over chains in logging, 1891-1892. Anecdotes about families living in the Nimpkish River Area, 1900-1910 TRACK 2: Questions concerning families in the Nimpkish Valley. Anecdote about the Hunt family. (End of interview)

Arthur Holmes interview

CALL NUMBER: T4397:0001 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1992-03-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Brief description of Holmes' family background, including clerical career of father, the Reverend George Hedley Holmes (later Archdeacon), who served in Alberta and northern Saskatchewan. Steps by which Arthur became a clergyman and his decision to move to BC. Condition of the "West Coast Mission" on west coast of Vancouver Island: vicarage a 2 room shack, no utilities; no minister previous 7 years. Account of founding of Anglican Church on west coast in 1913. Comments about ship, "Princess Maquinna", which provided means for clergy to get around. Description of Tofino church, St. Columba. Churchyard rhododendrons a major attraction for visitors. TRACK 2: Condition of the mission in 1949 when Reverend Arthur Holmes arrived. Holmes revives a travelling motion picture business to raise money for mission. Services held in Port Renfrew, nearby logging camps, Bamfield, Ucluelet, Sarita River, Kildonan, Ucluelet, Tofino, Tahsis, Zeballos. Bamfield an attractive stop. Comparison of Shantymen, Roman Catholic church and United Church on west coast. Holmes establishes a presence in more distant communities. Story of unusual funeral service for deceased Sikh. Religious background of parishioners. Anglican services sometimes informal. Today, United and Anglican churches alternate serving "the charge of Tofino and Ucluelet" every two years. Early travel between Ucluelet and Tofino. A rector's duties. In 1949 many baptisms due to absence of clergyman for 7 years. Some unusual funerals. CALL NUMBER: T4397:0002 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1992-03-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Holmes recounts experiences as member of hospital board, including inadvertently getting caught up in Tofino-Ucluelet rivalry over a temporary replacement for burnt down Tofino hospital. Account of building new church at Ucluelet with donations from suppliers, parishioners, boat and ship owners. Origins of church name, "St. Aidan's-on-the-Hill". Services in other communities held in halls, private homes. Holmes' personal relations with Tofino and Ucluelet very good today; Holmes to donate his family library to churches in both towns. TRACK 2: Description of corner-stone laying for new Ucluelet church and of later consecration. Uses of church basement. Names of some loyal parishioners in Ucluelet. Core of ex-Newfoundlanders strong supporters. Dedicated parishioner, "Ted" E.A. Welland, superintends construction of Ucluelet church. Diocese head office seem not very interested in west coast. New Tofino rectory building. Good relations with Ucluelet RC priest, Father Carney. Description of eccentric Tofino parishioner, George Maltby. Comments about loyal Tofino parishioners Mrs. Alma Sloman and Mrs. Benny Arnet. Schedule of "Princess Maquinna" determined date of visits to other communities. Travel on the Maquinna. Maquinna was seaworthy. Comments on evacuation of Japanese. Holmes left mission due to marital difficulties. Discussion of Holmes' achievements. Visits to west coast in recent years. Method of reporting to Victoria. Types of church records prepared by minister. Origin of films shot by Holmes and used in mission work. Telephone service at Ucluelet in early 1950s.

Arthur Ash interview

CALL NUMBER: T4207:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Political life of Arthur Ash (part 1) RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1985-06-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arthur Ash, a life-long Liberal, outlines his early political career in Ottawa, serving on City Council, joining the Twentieth Century Young Liberals Association, and assisting in campaign to elect Mitchell Hepburn government. Discussion of recent Ontario election. Reasons for moving to B.C. Saanich by-election 1948. 1949 general election results. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T4207:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Political life of Arthur Ash (part 2) RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1985-06-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arthur Ash discusses the disintegration of Coalition government and success of W.A.C. Bennett. He saw W.A.C. Bennett as an opportunist. Ash and many Liberals favour governing without the Conservatives but Boss Johnson refuses. Gordon Wismer. Regrets about destruction of B.C. Liberal Party. [TRACK 2: blank; end of interview]

Jack Short interview

CALL NUMBER: T4158:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Jack Short RECORDED: Saanich (B.C.), 1984-08-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Jack recounts how he entered broadcasting. Hired as salesman for CKMO. Initially sold contra accounts before developed sales techniques. Spent cold evenings at CKMO where he learned about broadcasting. Jack's earlier vaudeville and entertaining experience. Initiates race announcements, later develops re-creations with sound effects. TRACK 2: Race broadcasts, first in Canada, a big hit. Expands race broadcasts and inaugurated first live race broadcasts. Broadcast Willows Park races for CFCT Victoria. Jack's popularity helps to sell advertising. Developed other programs including boxing, basketball, emcee'd dances. Did skits on CKMO's "Skyrakers" amateur variety show. Jack owes his success to his "gift of the gab". Recollections of talented broadcasters: Leo Nicholson, Dick Diespecker, Don Forbes, Gerry Wilmot, Alan Young. Jack also did TV programs. Always on commission, was financially successful. Long term clients. Ray Mackness. CKMO operated on 50 watts to save money, yet sometimes picked up over seas. CALL NUMBER: T4158:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Jack Short RECORDED: Saanich (B.C.), 1984-08-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: CKMO competitive due to people like Billy Browne, an "air salesman", who had a popular program of music and poetry. CKMO a "front" for Sprott school. Other radio talents: Ray Peters, Fred Bass. Home Oil Sunday Night Concert with "Kelvin Winter and His Orchestra". Uncle Billy Hassell a showman. Earle Kelly has most intensely listened to newscast. CKMO transmitter on top floor of Bekin building, requiring operator to climb stairs on weekends when elevators not working. Reflections on 1930s Depression. Race audiences a cross section. Reasons why Jack changed to CJOR. TRACK 2: On commission with CJOR. CKMO had no recording equipment during '30s. Wire recording of Jack receiving honorary chieftain-ship from Squamish chiefs, ca. 1955. CJOR put in disc cutter, ca. 1940. Races recorded live for later broadcasting. Jack had thousands of discs of race broadcasts but given to junk man. Replayed race broadcasts later with betting contest. CJOR use of Dominion network programs led to demise of local talent and feel. Some present day local talent. Recalls CJOR's Radio Theatre across street from studio (Howe St). Further recollections of Earle Kelly. Jack's experience in vaudeville and with dance band taught him showmanship which was useful for radio career. Did many types of programming: Jack Short Quiz Show from Orpheum, plus others, including benefit shows.

Allan Klenman interview : [Specht, 1984]

CALL NUMBER: T4150:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early broadcast recordings RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1984-06-21 SUMMARY: Description of early recording equipment of CKWX, 1936 and 1940. 33 1/3 rpm for professional work, 78 rpm for complimentary copies. Disc labels used. Description of counsel board. Purpose of outside lines. Attraction of dance broadcasts. Rule against broadcast of recordings 7:30 pm to 10 pm due to pressure from record companies. Explanation why many surviving discs have blank side. Reasons for recording 1) commercials to be distributed and samples for customers. Few commercials survive as only short runs (e.g.. one-week promotion). CALL NUMBER: T4150:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early broadcast recordings RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1984-06-21 SUMMARY: 1) (cont'd) Types of commercials. 2) Political ads. 3) Celebrities. 4) Important events. 5) Musical performances for auditions and to improve performance (e.g.. Mart Kenny). 6) Dramatic presentations very few except Union Oil wanted to hear one before sponsoring. Also Fletcher Markle. Drama not recorded because actors and broadcasters were trained in live performance, and there was no market for recorded versions. Reasons why some recordings survived. Operators used blank side of out dated ads ("scraps") for favourite records from station library. Sometimes due to pride of announcer for program he did, would save. CALL NUMBER: T4150:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early broadcast recordings RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1984-06-21 SUMMARY: Commercial ads lifeblood of radio. Evolution of private radio after WW II. Instead of diverse programming, became known for one type such as playing "westerns". CKNW develops mass appeal. CBC "aloof" with no financial worries and best equipment. CBC provided what private radio could not: "high brow" stuff. Disc replaced by tapes, ca. 1960, but an overlap period until tapes became reliable.

Louise Iverson interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Mrs. Iverson remembers Port Essington RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1984-01-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Iverson recalls aspects of Port Essington including her summer visit there in 1917. Information about the Noble family and their residence in Port Essington. Also Reverend Pearse, Methodist church and school. Social life. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Bernard Atkins interview

CALL NUMBER: T4077:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Bernard Atkins RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1983-07-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: More on early family life in London and his father's background. Father was a photographer, both in England and in Victoria. Father's studio on Pandora Street. Travelling on a boat with his brothers and 87 other children to Canada during WW II. Warm welcome from Canadians across the country. First impressions of Victoria. Schools attended. Living with Major Wilson in Gordon Head. Camera club at Brentwood. Parents coming out to Victoria after the war. Buying a 1928 model A roadster. TRACK 2: Getting first job with Clarence Ferris through connection of his father. Describes working for the ministry, and the people he met there, Dick Colby, Gar Lunney. Anecdotes about Gar Lunney and his ability to attract girls. Anecdote about Bill Currie, the commissioner of the travel bureau. Ed Rowebottom, the deputy minister. Anecdotes about Dick Colby. Describes Wilf Gray, Peter Elkington, Lew Parry. CALL NUMBER: T4077:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Bernard Atkins RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1983-07-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Discusses individuals in the film/TV business in the 1950s: Lew Parry, Wally Hamilton (Trans-Canada). Relationships with Trans-Canada, Alpha Cine, other government film units (Agriculture, Highways). Working on Beautiful B.C. Magazine: discusses start-up of magazine in 1959, his preference of keeping magazine as a full four-colour production, costliness of magazine, messages from current minister of Travel Bureau, feedback from readership, innovations in printing/production of magazine. Attitude to potential demise of magazine. (End of interview)

Bernard Atkins interview

CALL NUMBER: T4077:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Bernard Atkins RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1983-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Atkins discusses: childhood in England; moving to Victoria; first interest in photography and first photographic assignment; going up to Alaska to make film on Alaska Highway, 1949; boss Clarence Ferris; work in hard-to-get-to parts of the province; first two films, "Look to the North" and "Land of Tomorrow"; work for civil service, Tourism and Travel Bureau for B.C. government. TRACK 2: More on development of the Peace River and Alaska Highway region. Describes what life was like in the north of B.C. in the '40s and '50s. Lack of funds in Travel and Tourism Bureau. Dealing with Phil Gaglardi at Department of Highways: agreed to make some films for that department. Films on industrial industries. Resignation of Clarence Ferris. Discussion of "Men, Mountains and the Challenge;". Film about Island highway and film about totem poles. CALL NUMBER: T4077:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Bernard Atkins RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1983-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Further discussion on "The Silent Ones". Going up to the Queen Charlottes with Wilson Duff and others from UBC. Bringing back the totem poles to UBC and the Royal B.C. Museum. Good relationship with Bill Reid and Kelly Duncan. Got along well with Mungo Martin, the Native carver. Feud between Chief Thunderbird and Mungo Martin. Atkins' last film was "Valley of the Swans," about Kootenay Flats being drained. Discusses "Kootenay Lake Holiday" and "Highway Sixteen". Dick Colby and Clarence Ferris anecdote. Describes working conditions at the Ministry of Trade and Industry and his relationship with Ferris. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Robert Knight interview

CALL NUMBER: T4044:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1983-02-11 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Discusses: family background; father's work as school inspector in India; Anglo-Indian upbringing in Calcutta and England; memories of prep school and schooldays at Oundle; recollections of Oundle School headmaster, F.W. Sanderson and assessment of Sanderson's international reputation as educator; studies at Cambridge University; decision to settle on Vancouver Island; chicken ranching at Errington; interlude as harvester on prairies, 1926; teaching experiences at Shawnigan Lake Boys' School (SLS), 1927-29; impressions of SLS founder, C.W. Lonsdale. TRACK 2: Discusses: recollections of SLS and Lonsdale (cont'd); reasons for continuing studies at Victoria College and UBC, 1931-33; anecdotes and reminiscences of Walter Gage, G.G. Sedgewick, Gordon Shrum, Freddy Wood, and other contrasts between UBC and Cambridge; decision to open private school at Qualicum Beach, 1935; early difficulties attendant upon building and locating school; philosophy and educational ideals of Qualicum College (QC) inspired by Oundle and Sanderson. Assistance received from brother, G.H. Knight, and A.D. Muskett, Victoria schoolmaster, in establishing QC. CALL NUMBER: T4044:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1983-02-11 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Discusses: philosophy of Qualicum College (cont'd); first students and characteristics, family background of other students; attitudes of local community towards QC; recruiting campaigns to increase enrollment; curriculum of QC and daily routine; importance of organized games in school life; importance of discipline on boys and folly of modern permissive views of education; description of specially-made birch cane used in QC. TRACK 2: Discusses: origins and significance of school traditions, uniforms, school motto, song, prefectorial system, etc; value of school cadet corps; humorous; recollections of staff members and student pranks; contacts with Fairbridge Farm School, Duncan, and relations between QC and other private schools in B.C.; relationship with provincial Department of Education; hopes for science labs and other school facilities; reasons for closing school in 1970; reflections on career as scholar, sportsman and educationalist. (End of interview)

Phyllis Hill interview

CALL NUMBER: T3982:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Phyllis Hill RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1982-07-28 SUMMARY: Interview with Phyllis Hill on the subject of Cape Scott and her childhood there. Discussion of photographs of Cape Scott subjects.

CALL NUMBER: T3982:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Phyllis Hill RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1982-07-28 SUMMARY: Recollections of school days, church, people (including teacher, minister), first and only marriage at Cape Scott, various other people, general store, post office at Fisherman's Bay, Sucharti, Scandinavian influence at Cape Scott. (End of interview)

Joan Gambioli interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Mrs. Joan Gambioli PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1982 RECORDED: West Vancouver (B.C.), 1982-07-28 SUMMARY: Mrs. Joan Gambioli discusses her early life in West Vancouver and her family background; her education at public schools (physics teacher was James Sinclair, father of Margaret Trudeau); her four years at the Vancouver School of Art; her employment for two years by Vancouver Motion Pictures (Leon Shelly); the development and construction of Diamond Head Chalet by the Brandvold brothers, Ottar (later her husband) and Emil (see interview with Susan Leslie, T3726:0001-0004), and herself; their relationship with the Garibaldi Park Board, 1945-53; the operation of the Queen Charlotte Airline hostel at Garibaldi Lake; the relationship with the Parks Branch of the Dept. of Lands & Forests, 1948-58; the purchase of the chalet by the government in 1958; her sculpture career, and the effect of the Vancouver International Stone Sculpture Symposium on her personal life. (End of interview)

A salute to Mr. B.C. : Lawrie Wallace

PERIOD COVERED: ;1913;-;1981 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1981-11-17 SUMMARY: Proceedings of a testimonial dinner given in honour of retired senior civil servant Lawrie Wallace at the Vancouver Club, Vancouver, B.C., 17 November 1981. Speakers include: Hon. Nathan T. Nemetz, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia; Robert Bonner, Chairman of B.C. Hydro; Denny Boyd, journalist; Jim Pattison, businessman; Herb Capozzi, businessman; Peter Webster, B.C. Sports Hall of Fame; former cabinet ministers Wesley D. Black, Alex MacDonald and Ernie Hall; David Barrett, Leader of the Opposition; James G. Matkin, Deputy Minister of Labour; Hon. William R. Bennett, Premier of British Columbia; and Lawrence J. Wallace.

William Murray interview

CALL NUMBER: T3881:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Background and early interest in Social Credit RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-09-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Murray describes Prince Rupert in the 1920s and '30s: boardwalks for streets, no improvements due to Depressions; then WW II influx of 22,000 U.S. military, so highway built. Social life in 1930s: indoor sports prominent; Chinese restaurants; Native Indians numerous during fishing season; Japanese residents. Discusses federal government policy to establish schools on reserves. Mr. Murray describes his own education and work in fish plants during summer. Fishing industry in 1930s. Local Liberal Association and patronage. Mr. Murray outlines RCN career in WW II. Coalition government as a response to rise of C.C.F., but not appropriate due to internal quarrels. TRACK 2: W.A.C. Bennett crosses floor due to Coalition problems and Health Insurance mess. 1952 election upset due to dissatisfaction with Coalition government. Murray impressed with energy of Social Credit minority government. Art Murray was builder of local Social Credit Party- he was an attractive personality. Social Credit had no bloc vote. Prince Rupert not easy to win because of strong unions which support C.C.F. Long discussion about why new parties form. Social Credit organization approaches Mr. Murray because he was well-known through work in Legion, hotel business and sports- he had broad appeal. Veteran's associations were a focus of social life in community. Former C.C.F. MLA, Bill Brett, a well-known Legion member. CALL NUMBER: T3881:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early days as the MLA for Prince Rupert in Socred government RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-10-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Murray discusses: importance of political candidates being well-known; appeal of C.C.F.; geographic description of Prince Rupert constituency. Transportation was major requirement and highway construction was highest priority of W.A.C. Bennett's government. Efforts of "Hallelujah Chorus for Highway 16". Roads built on Queen Charlotte Islands and cannery road. Growth of coastal surface traffic. Pressure from U.S. Kelsey Bay ferry link. Prince Rupert incorporated into Alaska run. Digby Island airport and ferry service. Restoration of winter services on B.C. Ferry. "Gateway to Alaska;" success. TRACK 2: Little freight on ferries. Murray works to promote Rupert as second Pacific port. Provincial government provides infrastructure. Thoughts about B.C. government taking over CN trackage from Prince George. Port development spurred by pressure from Prairie grain growers and Japanese coal interests. Lessens impact on Lower Mainland. Prince Rupert lacks flat land for industry. Chamber of Commerce attitude towards politics. Social Credit achievements on transportation, education. Disappointed at loss of regional college to Terrace. Regional hospital built in Prince Rupert. CALL NUMBER: T3881:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): MLA for Prince Rupert: dealing with Natives, canneries, health care RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-10-29 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Description of problems due to discriminatory liquor laws regarding Native Indians. Riot in summer 1958. Liquor laws eventually change but time is required for people to develop a respect for alcohol. Federal Indian Act applied unevenly: Skidegate an example of an advanced Native community. Murray disapproves of different status for Natives: he encouraged integrating Natives into provincial school system. Health service extended to communities along with better transportation. TRACK 2: Regional hospital provides higher levels of care. Closing of small canneries inevitable. Murray smoothes way for start of Port Simpson cannery. Discussion of Indian participation in politics: influence of band councils, bloc voting, distrust. Effect of First Citizens Fund. Discussion of MLA salary and expenses, often paid out of own pocket. Importance of knowing senior government officials in order to serve constituents. MLA position was a part-time job "in name only", rather year round responsibility. Today more attractive job due to better support. Improvements under Socreds and NDP. Howard Harding an "excellent government agent". CALL NUMBER: T3881:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): MLA for Prince Rupert: discussion of job of MLA and defeat in 1972 PERIOD COVERED: [no date]-1972 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-12-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Murray recalls "hairy" flying trip to Klemtu. Observations on changing expectations of constituents. Opinion of whether or not MLA should be a full time job. Constituency Association helps with campaign expenses. Art Murray provided effective leadership. Description of campaign style, main stops, use of media. Socred Association was broadly based, many union members supported Murray's candidacy. Leaders of unions most strong supporters of C.C.F. TRACK 2: Governments must be prepared to act for what it perceives to be the public good. Some labour legislation fought by organized labour. Discussion of circumstances of resignation of Art Murray in 1969. Socred Association has many new members. NDP Association very dedicated. Liberal machine wanes. NDP today appeals to white collar employees. Mr. Murray foresees two-party system in Canada. 1972 defeat part of province-wide trend. No personal animosities. NDP has strong organization. Organization is increasingly important to electoral success. CALL NUMBER: T3881:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): MLA for Prince Rupert: Speaker of the House, 1964-1972 PERIOD COVERED: 1963-1972 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1982-01-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Murray about to leave public life when 1963 election called. Subsequently asked by W.A.C. Bennett to be Speaker. Murray only MLA with experience as helped Shantz, and on good terms with Opposition. Main role of Speaker to keep order. Clerks-of-House are backbone but preparation necessary. Able to foresee procedural issues. Impartiality cannot be over-stressed. B.C. an adversary system. Difficult to demonstrate impartiality because Speaker belongs to a party. Agreed with Strachan on need for Hansard. 1970 Hansard step in right direction but could have had more latitude. Question period; keeps government on toes. Not Speaker's role to initiate changes. W.A.C. Bennett not favourable to Hansard, but Opposition successful in tactics- New Westminster session. Best debaters: Ken Kiernan, Bob Bonner, Ran Harding, Bob Strachan, Cyril Shelford. Frustrated as Speaker, not being able to speak out. Sessions not longer though budget grows. Administration not difficult, comptroller assists money needs. Commonwealth conventions and Speakers conferences worthwhile. (End of interview)

Robert Joseph Guay interview

CALL NUMBER: T3864:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Office manager, Fish and Wildlife Branch PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1979 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1981-07-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Staff of Game Department Division D, 1930s-40s. Discusses: "special patrols"; "bush wire"; Indian-white trapline feuds; effects of Alaska Hwy on northern B.C.; development of trapline administration 1920s-1970s; trapline boundary disputes; Indian protests and role of D.I.A. in settling disputes. TRACK 2: Mr. Guay discusses: Alcan and the Nechako Bird Sanctuary, 1951; wildlife biologists in the north 1950s; predator control programs, 1940s-50s, including use of poisons; effects of settlement, B.C. Rail, and logging on trapping; post-war programs for veterans, 1945. CALL NUMBER: T3864:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Office manager, Fish and Wildlife Branch PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1979 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1981-07-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Guay discusses: poison distribution program, 1943; guide regulation policies, 1945; Indian guides and regulations; relations between Game Department and Federal Fisheries, Federal Migratory Bird Act, B.C. Provincial Police and the Joint Patrols; travel up Crooked River to Finlay-Parsnip before Hart Highway, 1940s; transportation for out of the north; relations with RCMP; Rod and Gun Club hatchery programs; Game Commissioner visits to Prince George, 1940s-50s for Divisional meetings and meetings with trappers. Discusses B.C. Trappers Ass'n: early formation, development of fur prices 1946, beaver seals, beaver quotas and beaver trapping generally. TRACK 2: Discusses: beaver tags and beaver poaching, 1930s-50s; Indian trappers; relations with D.I.A.; relations with band councils since 1975; Indian fur harvesting and trapping attitudes; company, communal, and individual traplines; effect of fur price decline on Indians; special permits to whites to trap Indian traplines; inheritance of Indian lines; white attitudes to Indians; conservation groups, 1940s-70s; effects of 1956 creation of Department of Recreation and Conservation, which the Game Department was put into. (End of interview)

Milton J. Stark interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vancouver radio in the 1920s PERIOD COVERED: 1921-1967 RECORDED: Toronto (Ont.), 1981-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Milton J. Stark recalls his career as a pioneer radio broadcaster in Vancouver, B.C. in the 1920s. Stark's earliest radio broadcasts in Vancouver, ca. 1921. Describes early programming. Programs from the Alexander Dance Studio (?). Broadcast speech by W.L. MacKenzie King (1921?). Canada's second live broadcast from a hockey game, Vancouver, ca. 1922. Call number of station: CFYC. Anecdote about courting over the air. Church fund-raising via radio. Stark began broadcasting at age 14. More on early programming. Station owned by Roy Brown (?). TRACK 2: No paying advertisers on early station. Comments on Major Dufresne who owned a radio store in Vancouver. Stark worked for Radio Corporation of Vancouver, selling radios. Anecdotes about selling radios. Stark's early business ventures, ca. 1927. Stark's career in the radio parts business. Stark's company called Stark Electronic Instruments Limited, bought out in 1963. In 1967 started EDAC Inc. (End of interview)

Ernie Rose interview : [Mattison, 1981]

CALL NUMBER: T3847:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Ernie Rose (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1916-1953 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-05-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Born, Killam, Alberta, January 15, 1916. Family background and early years. Interest in radio from father; Morse code practice with father. Move to Vancouver to study for commercial radio operator's license at Sprott-Shaw School, May 1934. Graduates September 1934. Bob Rennie, friend, share job at radio station CKMO owned by school. Rennie sails away on freighter leaving Rose with radio station job. Work experiences at CKMO: rebuilding transmitter at night after 11:30pm signoff. Start of "DX Prowl" program; later "DX Owl Prowl", then "Owl Prowl". Chief engineer for CKMO, ca. 1937. Courtship and marriage, 1939. June 1940, joined CBC radio as engineer-operator. Remained with CBC radio until 1953. Development of interest in TV. Work during WW II with Department of Psychological Warfare recording on discs messages and POW camp orchestras for broadcast to Europe from Sackville, N.S. Extension of CBC radio services using low power rebroadcast transmitters (LPRTs) during WW II. Study of TV engineering after war; use of surplus equipment from Boeing plant in Seattle. Primitive TV receiver constructed from radar equipment. CBUT TV signed on 1953 Vancouver. Post Office sit-in 1938. TRACK 2: Remote broadcasts. Royal Tour broadcasts, 1939. HMS Glory remote broadcasts. Pat Bay, Vancouver Island, broadcasts aboard bomber. Filmmaking experiences: processed movie film at home late 1930s. Tom Whitefoot. Bert Bridgman. Government control of radio during war. News blackouts. Shelling of west coast of Vancouver Island, 1942. Dieppe raid, 1942. War reporting using radio in Europe. Japanese-Canadians and use of radio. Pearl Harbour and effect on Victoria. Distribution of radio and TV signal in B.C. CALL NUMBER: T3847:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Ernie Rose (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1950s-1981 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-05-21 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Distribution of TV signal in B.C. Studio design for BCTV, Burnaby. Live TV programming for BCTV. CBUT TV preparations for initial broadcast. Engineering vs. operator vs. producer problems in TV. "Story Theatre" series from engineering perspective. Radio and TV personalities known and worked with. Radio personality as a transient phenomenon. Al Reusch. Personal transition from radio to TV. TV technology and improvements in production and broadcast equipment. TRACK 2: The "ghost" anecdote of signing on CHAN TV (BCTV) on October 31, 1960 (see also 'Broadcaster', June 1980). Installation of Cariboo rebroadcast towers. Awards for engineering contributions to broadcast industry. Engineering support staff at BCTV. Effect of Royal Commission and federal regulations dealing with broadcast industry. Effect of de-regulation on broadcast industry. Quality in content of Canadian programs. White Paper on Broadcasting by Judy La Marsh (1966) and CRTC establishment (1968). Provincial regulations which affect broadcast industry, e.g., liquor control. Hermes and Anik-B satellite experiment with BCTV. (End of interview)

George Clark interview

CALL NUMBER: T3846:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A long, happy tuneful life PERIOD COVERED: 1887-1981 RECORDED: Saanich (B.C.), 1981-05-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gags about Mr. Clark's 93 years. First job at age 13 at Woolidge [Woolwich?] Arsenal (London), manufacturing ammunition for the Boer War. Because of musical talent, Mr. Clark got sister's mandolin. Father's family very musical. Learned songs at Variety shows and uncle's bar, "Brambleberry Arms". Mr. Clark sings "Be kind to your dog". Family emigrates to Canada, starts ranch near Midway, B;.C. Learned songs by ear and RCA discs. Went busking through Boundary country with Joe Lento, ca. 1908. Musicians rare so they were well rewarded. Ragtime- Eubie Blake. Joe Lento versatile guitarist. No sheet music. Forms Hawaiian trio that plays at Savoy Hotel, Seattle. Plays on Pantages circuit. TRACK 2: Auditions for Orpheum circuit, hooked off stage. Description of Hawaiian music, original steel guitar. Description of five string combination on Pantages tour. Description of Pantages variety show. Musical entertainment at Russian tea rooms in San Francisco area. Clark was selected to play cadenza solo in concerto at Berkeley Open Air Theatre. Mandolin popular, played by Portuguese and Italians at picnics. Fados. CALL NUMBER: T3846:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A long, happy tuneful life PERIOD COVERED: 1882-1981 RECORDED: Saanich (B.C.), 1981-05-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Travelling musical groups from many ethnic backgrounds. Home entertainment. Arthur W. Black, foremost teacher of string instruments in San Francisco, taught Clark. Clark starts Clark and Mason studio in Oakland. (Earl?) Roberts prominent banjo player game Clark lessons. Eddie Peabody lightning hands on banjo. Highlights of Clark's musical career. Played variety of music according to popular demand. Mandolin playing almost a lost art. Clark moved to Victoria, 1941, married Evelyn Holt, played banjo in her orchestra. (End of interview)

Lew Parry interview : [Mattison, May-1981]

CALL NUMBER: T3844:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Motion picture industry in British Columbia (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1948 RECORDED: West Vancouver (B.C.), 1981-05-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Family background: Lethbridge, Alberta and Nelson, B.C. Father was movie theatre projectionist. Move to Revelstoke; life there, 1910-1917. Movie viewing as a child in Revelstoke. Move to Vanc;ouver, 1917. Interest in filmmaking began with working at Woodward's as window artist. Voice lessons. Attended Vancouver School of Art at night. Singing lessons. Tap dancing lessons from Dave Denton of the Dumbbells. Vaudeville act. Sheet-metal training with Daily; Vancouver Technical School attendance. Work at Neon Products as artist and art director. Visit to Hollywood, ca. 1930. Leon Shelly, salesman for Neon Products, bought Motion Skreenadz/Vancouver Motion Pictures. Shelly produced two travelogues for B.C. government. Cinecolor process brought from Hollywood by Shelly. Colour correction by Parry on film set. Parry's work on Skreenadz trailers. TRACK 2: Vancouver Little Theatre experience. WWII experiences with Neon Products. Use of film to train workers. Goes to work for Leon Shelly, 1944; production manager. Shelly moves to Toronto; Parry remains in Vancouver. Marriage, 1936. Starts own film company; Trans-Canada Films, 1945. Shareholders of Trans-Canada Films; total financing did not materialize. Only two films produced, at a loss, for Dept. of Veteran Affairs. Steffens-Colmer, Don Coltman, Wally Hamilton buy Trans-Canada Films. Parry continued in films. B.C. Electric film; productions; Bridge River hydroelectric project filmed, 1948. Parry contracted to film all construction projects for B.C. Electric. Filming Kitimat development for Alcan; use of film to get government franchise for Alcan. Trans-Canada Film sold about 1946; Wally Hamilton turned company into sound service and film laboratory. TCF employees under Parry's ownership: Scotty Young, chief cameraman; Bill Dix, trainee director; Mrs. Pond, accountant; Lew Weeks, animator/cameraman. Discusses Marguerite Roozeboom's animation/art work and Bill Roozeboom's camera work. Meeting Marguerite Roozeboom. CALL NUMBER: T3844:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Motion picture industry in British Columbia (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1944-1958 RECORDED: West Vancouver (B.C.), 1981-05-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Further discusses Marguerite Roozeboom story: meeting her at Shelly Films four years later where she was lettering titles. Leon Shelly's background and career. Other salesmen at Neon Products. Shelly's purchase of Harry Rosenbaum's Vancouver Motion Pictures. Parry's brother, Melfyn; work as cameraman for Shelly. Melfyn's career as still photographer. Transition from Trans-Canada Films to Lew Parry Film Productions. Art Hundert and Jack McCallum, cameramen. Connie (Constance) Joy, secretary-accountant. Move to Broadway studio. Bob Reid. Roy Luckow. Harry Hooper (English cameraman). Homer Powell, editor from Hollywood. Spence Crilly, Powell's brother-in-law, became director. Financial aspects. Introduction of TV and effect upon filmmaking: personnel losses to TV. Dave Pomeroy joins Parry as sound man. Bill Roozeboom joins as cameraman. Werner Franz joins as editor, ca. 1954. Studio constructed on Capilano Road, North Vancouver. Panorama Studios built in West Vancouver. "North of 53" TV company formed to produce pilot. Canadian Film Development Corporation idea promoted and conceived by Parry. "Marine Investigator" series proposed. Promotional activities for TV series; financial difficulties and deals. TRACK 2: Continues attempt to sell TV series. Development of "North of 53" using suspense as major plot element. Most successful films. Three hundred and eleven films on order when Parry Films went bankrupt. Industrial film components. Ricky Hyslop. "Challenge in the Rocks" for Mining Association. "Prelude to Kitimat" for Alcan. "No Barriers" for Trans-Canada Airlines. Use of the National Film Board as distributor. Least successful film "Twenty Great Years" (1972) for Social Credit Party. Discusses controversy around this film. Relationship with provincial government on filmmaking. "The Tall Country" (1958), produced for B.C. Centennial Committee. Discusses changes in film industry. Attributes of "the perfect producer". (End of interview)

Bill and Marguerite Roozeboom interview

CALL NUMBER: T3843:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Bill and Marguerite Roozeboom PERIOD COVERED: 1933-1946 RECORDED: White Rock (B.C.), 1981-05-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bill: "Roozeboom" pronunciation and meaning; born Hendrik Willem Bakhuys-Roozeboom in Schin-op-geul, Netherlands, 17 February 1921; immigration of family to Canada induced by C.P.R. land promotion scheme; settled in Alberta. Move to Vancouver, 1934. Marguerite: born 13 February 1923 in Vancouver; Marguerite Ellen Goulding before marriage; desire to be an artist and education at Vancouver School of Art. Family influence on artistic career. Influence of Bert Binning, Charles Scott and Jack Shadbolt. Binning's reaction to her decision to go into filmmaking. Bill: aerial reconnaissance work for Royal Netherlands Air Force in South Pacific during World War II. Childhood film experiences, 1933-34. Projectionist for squadron in WW II; tale of Japanese soldier who came to a movie and was captured. Marguerite: childhood interest in film. Engaged to Gus Roozeboom (1921-1944). Went to work for Vancouver Motion Pictures (1944) owned by Leon Shelly, also owner of Screenadz. Gus killed at Arnhem. Marguerite decided to go into commercial instead of fine art. Went to Los Angeles commercial art school, way paid by Shelly. Shelly Films relocated to Toronto (1946), spent a little time there. Came back to Vancouver, met and married Bill. Oscar Burritt, Wally Hamilton (now in Philippines), other filmmakers in Vancouver in late 1940s. TRACK 2: Marguerite: Wally Hamilton first experienced cameraman in Vancouver; Ernie Kirkpatrick; Hamilton's background. Bill: Hamilton's background. Marguerite: E. Kirkpatrick, cameraman; Ed Taylor from Hollywood gave Marguerite first animation experience on salmon film. Kirkpatrick went back to Toronto; deceased. Helen Semmens, editor. Bill: Lew Parry's entry into filmmaking and personal background. Marguerite: story of trying to get hired at age 14 by Parry, art director at Neon Products. CALL NUMBER: T3843:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with Bill and Marguerite Roozeboom PERIOD COVERED: 1955-1981 RECORDED: White Rock (B.C.), 1981-05-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bill: production history of "Take Four Giant Steps" (1958-59). Marguerite: print asked for by National Film Archives. Bill: problems of cold weather motion picture photography. Roy Minter's role in "Take Four Giant Steps" as writer. Entertainment value of "Take Four Giant Steps" and public reception. "Rogers Pass" film, prints for. Marguerite and Bill: "Ripple Rock" film versus "Take Four Giant Steps" as drama. TRACK 2: Bill: production history of "Ripple Rock" film. Marguerite: art work for "Ripple Rock" film. Bill: clarification of loss of ships on Ripple Rock. Marguerite: art work for "Ripple Rock" film and story of feeling Bill had been killed in explosion. Enjoyment of abstract animation and use of in various films. Bill: explanation of broadcast scatter system. Marguerite: continues story of abstract art in telephone film on broadcast scatter system. Art work on film by Bill for government of Saskatchewan. Bill: high cost of animation and art work by Marguerite (satire). Bill: summary of involvement in film; 1955, joined Parry Films permanently; 1958, on his own; signed on Jack Lindsley to do promotion and selling of film; Pageant Productions, incorporated, 1961, made about 12-14 films a year; Werner Franz, Shelagh Reljic, editors; sold about 1965 to KVOS-TV but Bill remained on for three years but departed before contract expired over artistic dispute with Jack Gettles, manager of KVOS-TV. Present (1981) working conditions as Bill Roozeboom Productions. Marguerite: statement on film as communication tool. (End of interview)

Richard Colby interview

CALL NUMBER: T3833:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The Government Travel Bureau and filmmaking PERIOD COVERED: 1929-1976 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-04-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Summary of career, 1929-76. Move from Dept. of Public Works to Government Travel Bureau, Photographic Branch under Clarence Ferris. Working conditions, salary, hours of work, staff activities. Work sites (offices locations). Staff working attitudes. "The Road Home" (1955) on polio: discusses film. TRACK 2: Educational experience of filmmaking. Staff members, organization, responsibilities in office and out in field. Equipment. Distribution of travel films in market areas. Archival preservation of Government Travel Bureau films. Attitude towards Ron Worley's resignation and assumption of post of deputy minister by self. Projects as deputy minister. Tributes to work by ministers of New Democratic Party and Social Credit governments. Retirement. Public response to government promotional films. CALL NUMBER: T3833:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Government Travel Bureau and filmmaking (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1929-1976 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1981-04-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Distribution of films and public showings by staff. Non-release of film on west coast of Vancouver Island, "West by Nor' West". Bill MacDonald of Travel Bureau: promotional activities in Pacific Northwest and California. "Legend of the West" film. Feedback from public: negative and positive. Impact of television on career and Travel Bureau productions. Public attitude towards the "reality" of film. Story of the Glen Ford fishing film. Story of the U.S. filmmakers accompanied by Colby on successful filmmaking venture. Filmmaking con artists. Clarence Ferris as a person and filmmaker. Travel for filmmaking by car, train and bus. Filmmaking equipment. TRACK 2: Filmmaking equipment. Departure from Dept. of Highways and transfer of their equipment to Travel Bureau. Cameras described. Technological change. Pre- and post- production techniques. Wally Hamilton of Trans Canada Films lab. Films: Kodachrome and Ektachrome. Cameras. Still photography cameras. "Eggs Unlimited" industrial film. "Certified Seed Potatoes" film. "Of Mines and Men" film. "Johnny's Heritage" film on secondary industries. Recreational films: "Tight-lines" (fishing); skiing films by Norm Keziere and Bill Wiley, including "Sounds of Silence"; animal films: "Big Game Holiday" and "Land of the Red Goat"; story of the grizzly bear. First films for Dept. of Highways and Travel Bureau. "The Road Home" film. Lumbering film episode. Concluding statement. (End of interview)

Gerald S. Bryson interview

CALL NUMBER: T3724:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A career in the civil service (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1957 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-08-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gerald Bryson discusses his early years, education and military experience during the Second World War. Ambitions after the war. Attaining position as B.C. representative of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Duties with the DBS. In 1948 became Assistant Commissioner for the B.C. Social Security and Municipal Aid Tax. Problems associated with implementing the new tax. A unique introduction to the provincial civil service. In 1950 he became Commissioner of the Social Security and Municipal Aid Tax, succeeding Lloyd Detwiller. The disparity between salaries in the civil service and in the private sector at the time. Reasons for continuing in the public service. Problems dealt with as Commissioner of the sales tax. Herbert Anscomb as Minister of Finance. (pause) The effect of the break-up of the Coalition government. Byron Johnson as Minister of Finance. TRACK 2: Main goals as Commissioner of the sales tax. Comments on the unique aspects of British Columbia's implementation of the sales tax. Reaction to the election of British Columbia's first Social Credit government, 1952. Reaction in the civil service to the change in government. Einar Gunderson as Minister of Finance. J.V. Fisher as Deputy Minister of Finance. In 1954 was appointed Assistant Deputy Minister of Finance. Further comments on J.V. Fisher. As Assistant Deputy, Bryson helped establish a daily report for W.A.C. Bennett on government finances. Appointed as economic advisor to the government; his main task was the elimination of the public debt of the province. Comments on becoming Deputy Minister of Finance. Advice given by W.A.C. Bennett after becoming Deputy Minister of Finance. CALL NUMBER: T3724:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A career in the civil service (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1957-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-09-03 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gerald Bryson discusses Herbert Anscomb as Minister of Finance. Byron Johnson as Minister of Finance. Einar Gunderson's impact on the Finance department. W.A.C. Bennett's practice of serving simultaneously as Premier and Minister of Finance. Relationship with W.A.C. Bennett as his deputy minister. Bryson's responsibilities were greater than would have been usual for a deputy minister. Travelling with the Premier. Comments on becoming deputy minister and advice given to him by W.A.C. Bennett. Impressions of Social Credit and the new government during its early years in power. First impressions of W.A.C. Bennett. Bryson's method of administration was one of delegation as opposed to his predecessor as deputy, J.V. Fisher, who tended to centralize authority in the Finance Department. The structure of the Finance department at the time he became deputy. TRACK 2: The role of the comptroller-general in the Finance Department. C.J. Ferber as comptroller-general. Method of preparing the daily financial statement for W.A.C. Bennett. Policy formulation and policy execution. Government administration not different than running a business. Relationship with other members of cabinet. Preparing daily financial statements for W.A.C. Bennett. Working within a system of balanced budgets. W.A.C. Bennett often could point out errors in monthly financial statements which were delivered to him by Bryson and Ferber. The advantages of daily and monthly financial statements. W.A.C. Bennett's financial acumen. W.A.C. Bennett enjoyed meeting financial people. Methods of keeping the Premier informed of developments in the financial world. The effect of Social Credit slogans. Further comments on working on a balanced budget system. CALL NUMBER: T3724:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A career in the civil service (part 3) PERIOD COVERED: 1952-[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-09-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gerald Bryson discusses his relationship with Premier W.A.C. Bennett. Attending Premiers' conferences as representative of British Columbia. Relationship with other deputy ministers in the provincial government. Special status as deputy minister of Finance. Financial information available to other ministers. W.A.C. Bennett's plans to develop the northern part of the province. Bryson's involvement in discussions on policy related to the development of the province. Introduction of data processing to the Department of Finance. Problems related to borrowing money for crown corporations. Changes in the Department of Finance during the years he served as deputy minister. Comments on the daily duties of deputy minister of Finance. Decision-making in government. Compatibility with Premier W.A.C. Bennett. The lack of unnecessary paper-work in government in those years. Extra duties during legislative sessions. Sitting next to the Premier during his estimates. During legislative sessions Bryson was always on call. TRACK 2: The importance of debt reduction in W.A.C. Bennett's vision of British Columbia's development. Method of debt-reduction used by the government. The debate about direct versus indirect liabilities. Crown corporations and their financial responsibilities. Further comments on the distinction between direct and indirect liabilities. Factors involved in attaining a no-debt status for British Columbia. The unique qualities of crown corporations. Charges that the government was using two sets of books. Surpluses are necessary in order to achieve a balanced budget. Characterization of the government's financial policy as "conservative". The use of accumulated surpluses. Recollection of the "bond-fire" at Kelowna, 1959. Bryson removed himself from political issues or events. The use of surpluses and the issuing of special warrants for expenditure. CALL NUMBER: T3724:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A career in the civil service (part 4) RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-09-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gerald Bryson discusses the activities related to the preparation of the provincial budget during the years of British Columbia's first Social Credit government. Little Treasury Board. Big Treasury Board. The operation of Treasury Board. Distinction between various roles Bryson served in. Friendly nature of Treasury Board negotiations. Duties as secretary of Treasury Board. Not all ministers submitted estimates which were intentionally higher than they knew would be approved. The operation of Treasury Board. Appointments to Treasury Board. Some ministers lobbied with Bryson during the Treasury Board process for extra expenditure. The flexibility of this system of Treasury Board. How decisions regarding additional expenditures were made. CALL NUMBER: T3724:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A career in the civil service (part 5) PERIOD COVERED: 1952-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-10-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gerald Bryson discusses the provincial budget as a statement of government policy. Preparation of the budget speech. Comments on Treasury Board. Ministers' estimates were not given final approval in Treasury Board; when the provincial budget was introduced in the House, some ministers may have been as surprised as the general public. Some estimates were increased rather than decreased in Treasury Board. Methods of financial restraint used by the government of W.A.C. Bennett. Problems of economic growth and recession. The genesis of parity bonds. The unique qualities of British Columbia's parity bonds. Further comments on the introduction of parity bonds by W.A.C. Bennett. TRACK 2: Problems associated with issuing parity bonds. The provincial government experienced problems as a result of having millions of dollars of parity bonds out "on demand". Organized run on parity bonds occurred after the take-over of the B.C. Electric Company, 1961. Bryson spent many sleepless nights over the parity bond crisis. Consequences of the crisis: W.A.C. Bennett resolved to become independent of external financial markets. Financing through provincial pension funds. Investing government pension funds. Aspects of personal relationship with W.A.C. Bennett. Travelling with W.A.C. Bennett. Communicating with the Premier when he was out of Victoria. Comments on Ron Worley. The role of Lawrie Wallace in the later years of W.A.C. Bennett's tenure as Premier. The genesis of homeowners' grants in B.C. Reaction to homeowners' grants. CALL NUMBER: T3724:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A career in the civil service (part 6) PERIOD COVERED: [no date]-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980-10-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gerald Bryson discusses the B.C. government's proposal for a Bank of British Columbia which was vetoed by the Senate Banking Committee, 1964. Bryson's role in preparing the proposal. The reason for the failure of the government's plan for a Bank of British Columbia. The government's role in the eventual formation and success of the Bank of British Columbia. Attendance with the Premier at federal-provincial conferences. Effect of W.A.C. Bennett's style of participation at federal-provincial conferences. The Premier's advocacy of a five-region Canada. Reaction to the five-region concept. Background to the take-over of the B.C. Electric Company. Genesis of the two river policy. Bryson's role in preparation for negotiations for the Columbia River Treaty. Lending Quebec one hundred million dollars after B.C. received payment for the Columbia River Treaty. TRACK 2: Preparation for the special session of the B.C. Legislature in 1961 in which legislation was introduced taking over the B.C. Electric Company. Comments on the methods by which the B.C. Electric Company was taken over. Reaction to the take-over. Explanation of W.A.C. Bennett's claim that the take-over did not cost the taxpayer a cent. Adverse effects of the take-over. Comment on parity bonds. Differences between parity bonds and Canada Savings Bonds. Feelings of apprehension during election campaigns. Election campaigns and their effect on Bryson's duties. Comment on the changing nature of his function and duties during the years he served with W.A.C. Bennett. W.A.C. Bennett prior to the 1972 election. Reaction to the defeat of the Social Credit government, 1972. Recollection of last meeting with W.A.C. Bennett as Premier. Reflection on W.A.C. Bennett in his last years in office. (End of interview)

Hong Len Jung interview

CALL NUMBER: T3720:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hong Len Jung : Chinese at work in B.C. : shingle mill worker PERIOD COVERED: 1898-1920 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-06-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Describes background: born in Yen Ping, Kwantung, China, 1898; immigrated to Canada 1912 on merchant's visa. Description of voyage to Canada on Empress of India: living conditions, food, fellow passengers, gambling on board, staff sell "black-market" food. Description of Immigration Building in Vancouver: detention in the building for one month, "graft" by Chinese interpreter. Stayed with father in Nanaimo, where his father owned large dry goods grocery store. Went to public school for 3 months but his father removed him from the school because he was worried Hong Len would not return to China if he had too much education. Work as a houseboy in Shawnigan Lake District. Father sold business in Nanaimo and went into managing gambling houses. Refers to the murder of a white woman by her Chinese houseman; after this, no Chinese can get work in Victoria (ca. 1914). Went back to China to marry; marriage arranged by parents. Returned to Canada and soon worked in a shingle mill. [TRACK 2: blank.]; CALL NUMBER: T3720:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hong Len Jung : Chinese at work in B.C. : shingle mill worker PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1960 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-16 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Describes third trip home to China (1921-22), daughter was born; fourth trip home to China, second daughter was born; fifth trip home to China, purchased more property and business; sixth trip home to China, married a second wife in hope of producing a son. Present (second wife) left for Hong Kong after Chinese Civil War, 1949. Jung applied for Canadian citizenship and sent for his two "paper" sons and wife to come over. Purchased house on Gore Street. Wife worked as a farm day labourer and at the fish canneries. Shingle mill in 1950s had very little work for him; he was earning only $200-$300 a month. In 1954, purchased "paper son" papers and sent for nephew. In 1957 purchased 1st hotel/rooming house. Describes visit to village in mainland China, first since Communist take-over. Speaks of his father and grandfather, their work in Canada, and their subsequent retirement to China. Speaks of the domination of the shingle mill trade by Chinese of the Toy San and On Ping District. TRACK 2: Started in shingle mill in 1915. Talks about his work at the shingle mill: wages; accommodations; food; workmen's compensation and accidents at work; racial mix of workers; distance of mill from town. Saved money for trips to China and sending remittance home by dividing and budgeting wages into four equal portions. Unionization of shingle mills. Teamwork of shingle bolt cutter, sorter and piler. Comparison of wages earned by shingle mill workers, lumber mill workers and restaurant workers. CALL NUMBER: T3720:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hong Len Jung : Chinese at work in B.C. : shingle mill worker PERIOD COVERED: 1918-1949 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-16 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Worked 6 days a week at shingle mill. Leisure activities after work. Kept room in Chinatown even when out of town or in China. Soup lines in Chinatown during Depression. Description of "fong"; rooming/commune style of living. Victoria CCBA send destitute Chinese back to China at this time. Talks of head tax, poll tax, lasting until 1949. Description of voyages back to China on CPR Empress lines and Blue Funnel lines. Description of the Chinese Theatre and the Cantonese Opera company. Member of the Hung Ming (Triad) Society in China before he came to Canada, member of the Chinese Freemason in Vancouver. Active in Vancouver as a member of the Jung Family Association, Yen Ping Locality Association. In 1918, he listened to Sun Yet Sun speak. Was involved with Freemasons as executive and organizer. Purchased $1000 worth of Kuomingtang bonds. Sent money home to China via San Francisco during Sino-Japanese War. Voted in every election in Canada when Chinese were re-enfranchised. TRACK 2: Speaks of Tong fights between Kuomingtang Society and the Chinese Freemasons: explains the differences between the two fractions. Discusses mortgaging of Freemasons in Vancouver; buildings in Victoria and collection of money for the revolt against the Manchus. Speaks of Christian faith, Chinese ancestral worship, and his views of both. The Chinese were not as badly off during Depression as white community. Prosperous Chinese in Vancouver purchased homes outside of Vancouver Chinatown (prior to 194(). Chinese businessmen bringing "false" wives to Canada, and selling these women to other businesses, or into marriage. Looking after the "dead"- Ching Ming commemorates the dead. CALL NUMBER: T3720:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hong Len Jung : Chinese at work in B.C. : shingle mill worker RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: [No summary is available for this interview.]

Jessie Lam Ross interview : [Low, 1980]

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1930 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Family arrived in B.C. in the 1890s. Her father, Ling Lam, arrived and worked first in Victoria then settled in Steveston. Hong Wo Store started in Steveston, 1895. Ling Lam died 1939. By 1939 he owned a mixed farm, general store and operated a fish contracting business to hire labour for the canneries. Jessie and her brother John bought-out other family members in the business after 1939. The company had contracts with vegetable/fruit canneries such as Empress Factories, Grower's Canneries (Royal City Brand), and to some wholesalers in Vancouver Chinatown. The farm hired full-time Chinese workers who lived on the farm and Japanese women and their families as day labourers. Description of Chinese farm workers' living and working conditions on the farm. Details of father and mother's family background prior to immigration to Canada. Description of second store after the first store burnt in 1904. Store built on stilts over water, and warehouse on wharf over deep waters for boats/fishermen to shop and pick-up supplies. Location of farm. Description of father as a "gentleman farmer" wearing three-piece serge blue suit. TRACK 2: Discusses veg/cannery contract with Empress Factories. Description of their farm's Chinese foreman and his sons who worked on the farm all their lives. Ling Lam did not permit swearing or gambling on the farm, or by any family members. Details of Ling Lam's children's education. Description of farm workers' meals. Ling Lam's invention of cucumber grader and his introduction of the Utah green celery to the area. Ling Lam was head of the Chinese Growers' Association, the group against B.C. Coast Marketing Board. Making boxes for farm produce.

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm PERIOD COVERED: 1900s-1960s RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Farm produce on consignment to wholesalers up until the 1960s. Ling Lam supplied all Occidental and Oriental labourers to the Phoenix Cannery (ABC) until the 1930s; then just Oriental labourers. Ling Lam was active with the clan organization the Lum Association. Jessie Lam comments on the difficulties of her contemporaries in finding professional jobs after receiving post-secondary education. Describes some neighbouring farms. The credit/accounting system with farm workers on wages. Jessie Lam's summer vacation work experience on the farm. Shipping/transportation of pickles by railway to Eastern Canada. Chinese women day labourers working on the farm in the 1950s. The end of the fish contracts with B.C. Packers (Phoenix) in 1968. Sugar rationing during WW II. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1973 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mother had Caucasian cleaning ladies to help with the household. Jessie Lam went to chaperoned parties/social functions during her teens. Talks of the soup kitchens in Vancouver Chinatown during the 1930s Depression. Marriage of brother John and sister Mary. Talks of the family motorcar holiday trip to Oregon in 1928. Recalls mother's prized baking, and father's vegetable competition at the PNE. An anecdote of father's temperament. Refers to the community of Eburne on Sea Island. Attending church on Sundays at the Methodist Chinese Church in Vancouver Chinatown. Describes her typical Sunday activities with her family. Going to Chinese language school after regular school day. Jessie Ross was "Miss China" during WW II as part of the Allied countries effort to raise money for the troops. Helped sell government bonds during the war. Involved with the Chinese community's effort to raise funds for the "Rice Bowl" campaign. Chinese professionals in B.C. could only attract Chinese clientele in the 1920s-50s. TRACK 2: Chinese vegetable and fish peddlers in Jessie Lam's neighbourhood (as a child) and Jewish junkmen. Milk delivered by horse and carriage until WW II. Speaks of various prominent Chinese families in Vancouver during her youth. Refers to Chung Chuck, Delta farmer who fought with her father against the B.C. Coast Marketing Board (to the Privy Council). Problems farmers, especially the Chinese, had with the Board. The closure of the farm and store in 1971 and liquidation of the property and business in 1973. Lists of goods sold at the store. Anecdote of Jessie Ross and brother John rowing out to Steveston Island.

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: [No content summary available for this tape.] TRACK 2: blank.

Dan Campbell interview

CALL NUMBER: T3717:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early years in politics, 1956-1960 PERIOD COVERED: 1926-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dan Campbell discusses his personal and family background. Education and military experience. Pursuit of a teaching career. Supported the C.C.F. as a young man. Moved to Courtenay in 1950 and taught school. Served as president of the local teachers' association. First impressions of Social Credit. Meeting W.A.C. Bennett, 1953. Decision to run as a Social Credit candidate in the 1956 election. Recollection of the 1956 election campaign. Memories of election night. Comments on the Comox constituency. Orientation as a new MLA and maiden speech in the Legislature. Anecdote about W.A.C. Bennett being too hard on Bob Strachan. Recollection of Strachan as Leader of Opposition. First impressions of caucus. Voted against the government on one occasion. The role of caucus. TRACK 2: Reflections on the Sommers affair. Attitude of the Socred caucus toward the Sommers case. Sommers' weaknesses. Campbell complemented his income as an MLA by part-time teaching. Attitude towards labour and organized labour in B.C. Right-to-work proposals. Labour and politics. Ambitions as an MLA. The role of an MLA. The 1960 provincial election and the issue of the take-over of the B.C. Electric Company. The reasons for the take-over. W.A.C. Bennett's methods of discipline over party ranks. Interests and service on committees as an MLA. CALL NUMBER: T3717:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Cabinet minister in the government of W.A.C. Bennett PERIOD COVERED: 1960-1966 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dan Campbell discusses the Columbia River Treaty and the Two River Policy, and how they were understood by members of caucus. Appointment to cabinet as Minister of Municipal Affairs, 1964. Reasons for his appointment. Effect of becoming a cabinet minister. Relationship with ministerial staff. Policy-making and government. Daily duties as Minister of Municipal Affairs. Conditions in the ministry at the time he took it over. Re-organization and expansion of the ministry. The image of the government as an anti-metropolitan administration. The creation of instant towns on Vancouver Island. The genesis of regional districts. The organization of regional districts. Arguments against regional districts. Appointment as Minister of Social Welfare, 1966. Reasons for the appointment. Comments on dual-portfolio ministers. Comments on bringing the three female members of the Socred caucus into cabinet as ministers without portfolio. TRACK 2: The role of a minister without portfolio. Ways decisions in government were made. W.A.C. Bennett was not a one-man government. The experience of guiding estimates through the House as minister. Campbell enjoyed getting the Opposition excited. The process of Treasury Board. Appearing before the Treasury Board. W.A.C. Bennett as Minister of Finance. Special committees of cabinet. Legislative reform. Attitude towards instituting a daily question ;period and Hansard in the House. The misuse of legislative committees. Comparison between W.A.C. Bennett's style of government and "modern" government. W.A.C. Bennett as environmentalist. W.A.C. Bennett's influence on Campbell's political style. CALL NUMBER: T3717:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Aspects of politics and government, 1960-1972 PERIOD COVERED: 1966-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dan Campbell discusses the organization of the Social Credit Party and its relationship with the government during the years when W.A.C. Bennett was Premier. The role of an annual party convention. Relationship between the provincial and federal wings of the Social Credit Party. Campbell opposed a convention resolution that would have separated coterminous membership in the provincial and federal branches of the Socred Party. Comments on the dream of Socred success at the federal level in the early '60s. Recollection of the contest for the leadership of the federal Social Credit Party between Real Caouette and Robert Thompson. Reasons for the federal party's failure. Religion and politics. Bennett as a man of the cloth. Anecdote about lawyers. Social Credit and populism and anti-intellectualism. Relations with the press. Federal-provincial relations when he was a Minister of the Crown. Attending federal-provincial conferences with Bennett. Attitude towards such conferences. Main issues as Minister of Social Welfare. Comments on Phil Gaglardi being brought back into the cabinet in 1969 as Minister of Social Welfare. Loyalty as a weakness of Bennett's. Campbell threatened to resign over the Gaglardi affair. TRACK 2: Dan Campbell as a champion of native rights in B.C. and service as Chairman of the First Citizens' Fund. The effect of Robert Bonner's resignation from the ;cabinet, 1968. Bonner's role in Bennett's government. Administering the Job Opportunities Program and friction with Gaglardi. Reasons why Campbell received responsibility for the program. Further comments on Gaglardi and reasons for tension between him and Campbell. Gaglardi would not have won a leadership contest in the party. The question of succession to the leadership of the Social Credit Party after Bennett. Attitude toward the Opposition and the Opposition leaders he served against. Objections to socialism. Polarization and coalition politics in B.C. The 1972 travelling cabinet tour. CALL NUMBER: T3717:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): B.C. politics, 1972-1975 PERIOD COVERED: 1972-1979 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dan Campbell discusses the 1972 provincial election campaign. Differences between the campaign and previous elections. The ban on advertising of liquor and tobacco as a factor in the election. Comments on Comox constituency. Gaglardi's indiscretions and their effect on the outcome of the election. Election night in Comox. Reaction to the election and personal plans immediately afterwards. Serving with W.A.C. Bennett as an administrative assistant after the election. W.A.C. Bennett's strengths and weaknesses. Reasons why W.A.C. Bennett asked him and Grace McCarthy to help rebuild and party after the 1972 election. Comments on the plan to rebuild the party. Different roles played in the rebuilding process. The legislative arm of the Social Credit Party after the 1972 election. Asking the MLAs to sign statements of allegiance to Social Credit. Comments on the efforts to form an alternative free enterprise coalition to Social Credit: the majority movement or unity party. The goals; of the majority movement. Comments on W.A.C. Bennett dissuading backers of the majority movement from their efforts. Travelling with W.A.C. Bennett and Grace McCarthy throughout the province, reorganizing and revitalizing the Social Credit Party. Factors in the great interest which was shown in the party after the 1972 election. Recollection of "Uncle Bill" Dale. TRACK 2: Continuation of recollection of "Uncle Bill" Dale. Criticisms of NDP government 1972-1975. Comments on Bill Bennett and how he got elected in 1975. Robert Bonner and the majority movement. Social Credit as the only possible vehicle for uniting the free enterprise forces in British Columbia. W.A.C. Bennett and Bill Bennett. General comments and comparison between the government under W.A.C. Bennett and Bill Bennett. (End of interview)

Cyril Shelford interview : [Mitchell, 1980]

CALL NUMBER: T3683:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early years, military service and introduction to politics PERIOD COVERED: 1921-1951 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford discusses his family background. Reasons why his father, Jack, and uncle Arthur came out to British Columbia. Description of their experiences in the Ootsa Lake region. Born 1921 at Ootsa Lake. Education was by correspondence. Recollection of former schoolteacher. Early interest in politics. His uncle's political career as a Conservative. Anecdote about joining the army in the Second World War. Being wounded in a military training accident. Recollections of service overseas. Comments on military experiences in Britain. Landing at Sicily. Travelling through Italy. Comments on wartime conditions in Italy. Christmas of 1944 in Italy and relationship with German soldiers. Travelling throughout the rest of Europe and fighting conditions as the war came to a close. TRACK 2: Comments on the conclusion of wartime hostilities. Returned home 1945. Served in occupation in Holland. General reflections on his military experiences. Anecdotes about wartime experiences shared with friend from Alberta. Comments on return to British Columbia and readjustment to civilian life. Logging at Wistaria. Family politics. Anecdotes about politics in the riding of Omineca during the post-war period. Non-partisanship in the north country. Stories about the friendly nature of politics in the early years of his public career. Attitude towards socialism. Problems related to the construction of the Alcan Lake area in opposition to building of an Alcan reservoir. Heading a delegation to Victoria to see the government about the problem. Meeting W.A.C. Bennett. Description of a meeting with Premier Johnson and the Minister of Lands, E.T. Kenney. Going to see Harold Winch. Lack of newspaper support for their cause. Meeting with Alcan officials in Vancouver. W.A.C. Bennett made an issue of the problem in the Legislature. CALL NUMBER: T3683:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Social Credit and the 1952 election PERIOD COVERED: 1950-1952 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford describes attending his first Social Credit meeting in Victoria at the prompting of W.A.C. Bennett. W.A.C. Bennett as a public speaker. Joining Social Credit. Selling Socred memberships in Omineca. Recollection of the Social Credit nominating convention in Omineca. Anecdote about why he received the nomination. Reasons why he decided to enter politics. Recollections of the 1952 election campaign in Omineca. Anecdote about campaigning in Fort St. James. Wooing the Indian vote at Stony Creek. Reasons for Shelford's victory in the election. Voting strategy. Lack of understanding of Social Credit theory. The effect of the single transferable ballot in Omineca. Lack of contact throughout the campaign with other Social Credit candidates. Meeting at the Hotel Vancouver to choose a party leader. Shelford supported Bennett. First experience with political tactics. First Social Credit cabinet was appointed in the washroom at the Hotel Vancouver. Influence of Alberta Socreds. Shelford did not lobby for a cabinet post. Comments on the Socred team of elected MLAs. Religion and politics. Shelford heard about the cabinet being sworn in on a radio news report. Paying the price of being outspoken. [TRACK 2: blank.]; CALL NUMBER: T3683:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Aspects of government during the early years of Social Credit PERIOD COVERED: 1952-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford recalls being the first Canadian casualty in the Second World War. Comments on the conclusion of the problem at Ootsa Lake with the Aluminum Company of Canada. Events after the 1952 election. Comments on problems of communication between MLA and cabinet ministers. Secrecy and Cabinet appointments. Lack of instruction or orientation for new MLAs. Comments on the character of the first Social Credit government. Reaction to W.A.C. Bennett bringing Robert Bonner and Einar Gunderson into the government. General comments on government. Discussion of goals during the early years of government service. Shelford as environmentalist. W.A.C. Bennett as Premier. TRACK 2: Cyril Shelford discusses the Social Credit caucus system. The possibility of a caucus revolt. The influence of caucus on legislation. Story about Phil Gaglardi coming up to Shelford's riding to look into possible construction of a new highway. Recollection of Phil Gaglardi. Shelford's fight for equalization of gas prices in the province. The appointment of a Royal Commission to look into the question. Shelford as critic of the government's agriculture policy during the early years. Service on the agriculture committee of the Legislature. Advocating the take-over of the B.C. Electric Company. The agriculture committee never sat again until Shelford became Minister of Agriculture in 1968. CALL NUMBER: T3683:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The Sommers affair and other aspects of B.C. politics PERIOD COVERED: 1952-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford discusses reaction to Bonner and Gunderson becoming cabinet ministers in the Social Credit government, 1952. W.A.C. Bennett's reputation as a financial genius. The possibility of the Premier entering federal politics. Recollection of Tom Uphill. Comments on "pairing" in the Legislative Assembly with opposition members. Recollection of the Sommers affair. Shelford was concerned that the Sommers case be cleared up at an early date. Disappointed with the performance of Sommers legal counsel, Angelo Branca. Meeting with Mel Bryan before he crossed the floor of the House. Criticism of the forest management licence system. Gordon Gibson Sr.'s role. Comments on the possibility of Robert Sommers' guilt. Sommers as cabinet minister. Campaign funds had been confused with Sommers personal affairs. The death of Hec Munro. Comments on letters Shelford wrote to the Premier on the subject of the Sommers Affair. Reasons why the Premier seemed to delay in appointing an inquiry into the matter. Effect of the case on the Sommers family. TRACK 2: Comments on Bonner's handling of the Sommers affair as Attorney-General. Reaction to Shelford's support of an Opposition vote of non-confidence in Bonner. Further comments on the Sommers affair. Comments on discipline among government members during the Sommers case. Attitude towards Gaglardi when he was accused of wrongdoing as Minister of the Crown. Gaglardi as a potential successor to lead the Social Credit Party. Gaglardi's popularity among party members. Shelford conducted an informal survey of public opinion in B.C. for the Premier prior to the 1969 election. W.A.C. Bennett indicated that he intended to resign after the 1969 election but stayed on in order to prevent the possibility of Gaglardi succeeding him as leader. Shelford's comments at the 1959 Socred convention and warning of undesirable changes in the party. Criticism of how election campaign funds were handled. Social Credit as a "party" or "movement". CALL NUMBER: T3683:0007 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Minister of Agriculture, 1968-1972 PERIOD COVERED: 1952-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford discusses his personal political philosophy. Polarization in B.C. politics. Comments on varying philosophical viewpoints within the Social Credit Party. Reasons for the lack of a party revolt over the takeover of the B.C. Electric Company, 1961. Ken Kiernan and Ray Williston were called "the twins". Reactions to Shelford's outspokenness on aspects of government policy. Attempts to find another candidate in Shelford's riding. W.A.C. Bennett was not a one-man-government. Decision-making in government. Examples of effective and ineffective decision-makers in Bennett's cabinet. The Premier was good at delegating authority. Means of subsidization for the meagre salary of an MLA. "A politician without a cause is a lost cause." Criticism of Bennett's stringency with MLAs' salaries and expenses. Representing a rural riding as opposed to an urban one. Comments on Shelford' various threats to quit the Socred Party or cross the floor of the House. Comments on his coverage in the press. Anecdote about comments made by Walter Owen before sessions of the Morrow Commission. TRACK 2: Overtures were often made to Shelford to join other political parties. Shelford did not consciously cultivate the role of maverick. B.C.'s population too centralized in Vancouver. Shelford as the conscience of the Socreds. The Premier always kept open a vacancy in the cabinet to keep backbench MLAs in line. Access to Bennett was quite easy. Shelford feels that Bennett secretly liked the criticism he offered of government policy. Reaction to his appointment as Minister of Agriculture, 1968. Shelford was very well-known throughout the province. The process and effect of becoming a cabinet minister. Relationship with his staff and duties as Minister of Agriculture. Formulation of policy. The value of a good secretary (Lydia Clark). Policy initiatives as Min. of Agriculture. Relations with the federal government. The importance of encouraging a strong agricultural industry in B.C. CALL NUMBER: T3683:0008 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Injuries suffered at labour protest, New Westminster, 1972 PERIOD COVERED: 1968-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford explains why agriculture was not a high priority in the government of W.A.C. Bennett. The process of Treasury Board and the experience of appearing before it as a Minister of the Crown. Comparison between Treasury Board under the governments of W.A.C. Bennett and Bill Bennett. Comments on ways that Shelford made up for the detachment from reality that a cabinet minister suffers from. Recollection of the 1972 cabinet tour which culminated in a violent encounter with angry demonstrators in New Westminster. Demonstration was organized by the B.C. Federation of Labour. Several cabinet ministers received bruises. Shelford was hit with a 2 X 4 and received an injury to his arm and a broken collarbone. The concept of a travelling cabinet tour. The B.C. Federation of Labour as a political group. Suggestions that W.A.C. Bennett call an election after the incident at New Westminster. The charged political climate in B.C. that preceded the provincial election in 1972. CALL NUMBER: T3683:0009 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The 1972 provincial election and its aftermath PERIOD COVERED: 1972-1979 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1980 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Cyril Shelford discusses the reasons for the defeat of the Social Credit government, 1972. W.A.C. Bennett wanted to step down after the 1969 election. The ban on tobacco and alcohol advertising. Development and industrialization brought about increased unionism which ultimately defeated the government. Comments on the differences between the 1972 election and previous campaigns. The role of Dave Barrett. Evaluation of different Leaders of the Opposition: Harold Winch, Arnold Webster, Robert Strachan, Tom Berger and Dave Barrett. The effect of Gaglardi's mistakes during the 1972 election. Differences between campaigning as a cabinet minister and a private member. The Conservatives as a factor in the 1972 election. Reasons for Shelford's personal defeat in Omineca. The NDP MLAs as "glorified ombudsmen" dealing with only small issues of a local nature. W.A.C. Bennett had an ability to make his ministers look ahead. Recollection of election night in 1972. Reaction to the defeat of the government. Account of events following the election. Problems for Socreds in obtaining employment after the election. Serving as village clerk at Fort St. James. TRACK 2: Comments on efforts to establish a "unity" party after the 1972 election. W.A.C. Bennett's role in B.C. politics after 1972. Reasons why the "Majority Movement" was not successful. Attitudes to Bill Bennett prior to his election as Premier. Reasons why Shelford decided to run again. Efforts by Grace McCarthy to nominate an alternate candidate in Skeena in 1975. Recollection of the nomination struggle in Skeena. Criticism of the NDP administration, 1972-75. Shelford disappointed he was not appointed to cabinet after the 1975 election. Comments on the government of Bill Bennett. Brought into the cabinet prior to the election of 1979. Reasons why politics in B.C. has degenerated. General reflections on politics. (End of interview)

Aida and Martin Kroeger interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The Quota Quickies PERIOD COVERED: 1932-1938 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-04-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Kroeger discusses his involvement in the production of movies in B.C. in the 1930s, with emphasis on the "Quota Quickies". Mr. Kroeger talks about the establishment of Commonwealth Pictures in Victoria by Kenneth Bishop. The financial backing of Mrs. Seldon Humphries (nee Kathleen Dunsmuir). Bankruptcy after production of "Crimson Paradise" and "The Black Robe" [aka "Secrets of Chinatown"]. Mr. Kroeger discusses writing a shooting script for "Harlow Manor" and Miss Dunsmuir's acting ability. The showing of "Crimson Paradise" at the Capital Theatre. Establishment of Northern Films, and subsequent bankruptcy. Central Films is successor. Mr. Kroeger's duties as continuity writer. Salary and working conditions. The Hollywood crew. Hiring of cast. Production schedule, budget. Shooting locations. Scenes of B.C. logging. Local residents involved. Stories of the actors and actresses. Mrs. Kroeger talks about her experiences with the stars. Mr. Kroeger discusses the directors, writers. TRACK 2: Mr. Kroeger talks about the beginning and end of Bishop's movie production in B.C. The change of legislation in Britain that spelled the end of the quota quickies. His first viewing of these movies in 1980. Mr. And Mrs. Kroeger talk about their photo collection of the stars involved in these movies.

Tony Tozer interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Tony Tozer : friend and associate of the Bennett family PERIOD COVERED: 1931-1978 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-06-15 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Tony Tozer discusses his personal and family background. Growing up in Kelowna as a friend of the Bennett family. Impressions of W.A.C. Bennett as head of the Bennett household. Relations with the Bennett children. The role of Mrs. Bennett. Anecdotes about W.A.C. Bennett and social and business activities in Kelowna. TRACK 2: Tony Tozer discusses the relationship between the Bennetts and the Capozzis. Religion and the Bennett family. Impressions of the Bennett hardware store. Working for the hardware store as a young man. The effect of W.A.C. Bennett's involvement in politics. Participating in election campaigns. Reaction to W.A.C. Bennett joining the Social Credit Party. No lack of certainty or confidence in the political destinies of W.A.C. or Bill Bennett. Loyalty and the Bennett family. (End of interview)

Senator David A. Croll interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Recollection of W.A.C. Bennett and the genesis of the Bank of B.C. PERIOD COVERED: 1964-1964 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-03-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Senator David Croll remembers W.A.C. Bennett as Premier of British Columbia. The 1964 Senate Bank Committee Hearings which looked into the B.C. government's proposal for a Bank of British Columbia. Premier Bennett's image from the perspective of Ottawa. The reasons for the failure of the Bank of British Columbia proposal. (End of interview)

Russell J. Bennett interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Son and brother of Premiers of British Columbia PERIOD COVERED: 1929-1977 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-11-15 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: R.J. Bennett discusses growing up in Kelowna. Memories of his childhood, education and family life. Relationship with the Capozzis. Working in the hardware store. W.A.C. Bennett as a father. The role of his mother in the Bennett household. The effect of his father's involvement in politics on family life. Comments on his own family today and interest in horses and horse-breeding. Reaction to allegations in the Legislature in 1971 of wrongdoing on the part of himself and his brother. TRACK 2: R.J. Bennett discusses the reasons why he never has become directly involved in politics. Recollections of an incident in 1971 when he and his brother successfully sued the Vancouver Sun for its handling of charges which were made in the Legislature by NDP MLA Gordon Dowding. Reaction to his brother's entry into politics. Further comments on politics and the Bennett family. (End of interview)

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