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Forests and forestry--British Columbia
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[Forest camp activities, Haney area]

Stock shots. "Subjects covered: Inmates working in sawmill. General scene of camp. Clearing brush. Planting seedlings. Cutaways include logging truck fully loaded along mountain road. Seedling close-ups. Mountain flowers."

[Slash burning]

Stock shots. Shows slash burning in progress on flat area and on hillside; men igniting the slash; aerial and general views during and after the burn; night shots. Also shows helicopter with monsoon bucket, and logging truck passing through the burn area. There is also footage of B.C. Forest Products operations in the Caycuse area, including: plantations near Bear Creek and Caycuse; forester inspecting browse damage; views of logged area(s), fire guards, slash and regeneration; falling snags; sequences showing planting in burned and unburned terrain; Autum colours in the (Cowichan?) Valley.

100 Mile House Forest District operational records

  • GR-3932
  • Series
  • 1970-2005

This series consists of resource management plans and procedures from the 100 Mile House Forest District, 1970-2005. The 100 Mile House Forest District is part of the Cariboo Forest Region. Note that their exact boundaries may have changed over the years.

The majority of files relate to the development of Integrated Resource Use Plans which are designed to resolve resource use conflicts in specific areas at the local level. Each file includes records relating to data concerning a specific area - usually a watershed or other distinct resource management unit. Types of plans include Resource Folios, Coordinated Access Management Plans (CAMP), Coordinated Resource Management Plans (CRMP) and Integrated Watershed Management Plans (IWMP). Files may include correspondence, reports, maps, photos, meeting minutes, community and indigenous consultation, and a variety of other records which may document the creation of plans, the annual review of plans by stakeholders, and the execution of the plan.

Procedure files relate to timber harvesting, silviculture treatments, stumpage rates, trespass, timber sale licences and harvesting weight scales. There is also a file related to road damage and an access study for English Lake.

The ministries responsible for the Forest and Range Districts, and the years that they were responsible, are:

British Columbia. Dept. of Forests (1975-1976)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1976-1986)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Lands (1986-1988)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1988-2005)

Records are classified under numbers 11200-08, 11050-20, 12600-25, 12600-30, 12600-35, 12600-40 and 12600-60 in the Forest Operational Records Classification System (ORCS). Procedure files are classified with the secondary -02.

British Columbia. 100 Mile House Forest District

Fly camp fires

Training film. Illustrates the correct method of setting up a camp in the woods, and demonstrates the results of campfire carelessness.

Prince Rupert Forest Region forest tenure records

  • GR-4001
  • Series
  • 1968-1980

This series consists of records related to forest tenures from the Prince Rupert Forest Region, 1968-1980. It had been previously known as the Prince Rupert Forest District. The Prince Rupert Forest Region has included a variety of different Ranger Districts or smaller Forest Districts over time. The records in this series relate to the Burns Lake Ranger Office, South Bank Ranger Office and Lakes Forest District (near Ootsa Lake or the Nechako Reservoir). Note that the names and boundaries of districts and regions varied over the years.

These records include the following types of forest tenures: cutting permits, timber sale harvesting licences, timber sale licences and special use permits. Each file relates to one forest tenure.

The records regard the issuance, evaluation, administration, monitoring, planning, replacement, cancellation and extension of forest tenures. Many of the records consist of waste assessments, logging inspections and maps. There is also correspondence, permits, licences and other operational and legal records.

The ministries responsible for Forest and Range Districts, and the years that they were responsible, are:
Ministry of Forests (1976-1986)
Dept. of Forests (1975-1976)
Dept. of Lands, Forests and Water Resources (1962-1975)

These records were created before the implementation of ORCS, but have been retroactively scheduled under ORCS number 19500-45 of the Ministry of Forests schedule (881261).

British Columbia. Prince Rupert Forest District

Subject files from the Port Alberni Forest District

  • GR-3696
  • Series
  • 1956-1981

The series consists of subject files from the Port Alberni Forest District. These files were created as part of the regular activities of the district office and include both operational and administrative files. The majority of files relate to tree farm licences (TFL) although there are also a few files that relate to log salvage, Cascara bark use, and water licences.

The series contains correspondence, circulars, reports, maps and ledger sheets. The files are arranged by their classification number. The files classified as 870-3 relate to tree farm licences. These consist of the vast majority of files in this series. The 860 files consist of permit and licence applications.

The majority of the TFL files relate to the administration of tree farm licences 20 and 21 which are located in the Clayoquot area of BC. The correspondence with the licensee deals with administration and management of the TFL. This includes issues with the licence, amendments to the licence, the stumpage rates, amendments to the licence, future cutting plans, includes copies of the licence and subsequent amendments. Some of the material in the files duplicate the material in the main TFL series of GR-3659.

There is information relating to stumpage rates. There are many letters from the ministry to licensees about rates. The series also contains ledgers that were used to calculate the stumpage fees. The administration and policy files contain documentation about how the ledgers functioned.

The ministries that were responsible for these records are:
1956-1962 Dept. of Lands and Forests
1962-1975 Dept. of Lands, Forests and Water Resources
1975-1976 Dept. of Forests
1976-1981 Ministry of Forests

British Columbia. Port Alberni Forest District

Forest Practices Board meeting files

  • GR-4002
  • Series
  • 1995-2010

This series consists of the meeting files of the Forest Practices Board from 1995 to 2010. Records describe the establishment and ongoing operations of the Board. Meetings may regard policy, audits, complaint investigations, reviews, appeals, special investigations, and special reports, and other matters related to the Board’s mandate under the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act. Meetings took place in person and as conference calls.

Records include correspondence, memoranda, agendas and minutes. Files may also contain copies of reports and other records referenced in the meetings, including copies of decisions and arguments, status reports on open complaints, investigation reports, briefing notes and policies. Some of these records may be copies of those in GR-3674.

These records are scheduled under the Forest Practices ORCs (schedule 131791) number 97050-20.

British Columbia. Forest Practices Board

Forest Practices Board special investigation case files

  • GR-4010
  • Series
  • 2002-2011

This series consists of special investigation case files created by the Forest Practices Board from 2002-2011. Special investigations are initiated by the Forest Practices Board. The Board annually identifies issues of major public importance and of high significance for public confidence in the management of the province's public forests. Issues may relate to practices that have resulted in many complaints or for matters of larger public interest and concern. These issues may arise from prevailing environmental conditions such as major forest fires or insect infestations; from public concerns such as conserving endangered species or protecting community watersheds; or from technical issues such as the management of roads and bridges or riparian areas. The records document matters of significant public interest that may not be addressed through another complaint investigation or an audit.

Investigations may involve field investigations, research, and liaison with relevant Forest Districts and other stakeholders. Many records in this series are likely copies of records created by Ministry of Forests officials which were collected during the course of the investigation.

Investigations may relate to a specific area, or issues that are more widespread throughout the province. Subjects of special investigation include: free growing, biodiversity, terrain stability and landslides, post fire site rehabilitation, Forest Service Road (FSR) maintenance, compliance with section 86 of the Forest Planning and Practices Regulation, soil conservation, high retention harvesting, fish passage at stream crossings, Oil and Gas Commission ALR Agreement Audit, fire hazard assessment and abatement, compliance inspections and management data, species at risk on the Sunshine Coast, establishment of conservation areas for old growth and wildlife habitat in the Squamish and Chilliwack Forest Districts, effect of range practices on grasslands, and Little Lamb Creek.

Record types Include reports, statistics, correspondence, photographs, maps, plans, press releases, reference and research materials related to the creation of reports, briefing notes, and terms of reference outlining the scope of the investigation.

Files are arranged by subject. These records are covered by ORCS number 97325-20 in the Forest Practices Board schedule (number 131791).

British Columbia. Forest Practices Board

Okanagan Shuswap Forest District operational records

  • GR-3911
  • Series
  • 1987-2011

This series consists of operational records of the Okanagan Shuswap Forest District and its predecessors, 1987-2011. This series may contain records created by the Salmon Arm Forest District, Penticton Forest District and Vernon Forest District in the Kamloops Forest Region. These districts (or parts of them) were amalgamated to form the Okanagan Shuswap Forest District in 2003.

Records primarily relate to resource management, silviculture audits, appeals and procedures.

Resource management related records regard integrated resource planning guidelines, geomorphology studies, fish inventory reports, stream classification studies, watershed research projects, community watershed policies, pesticide application reports and a local resource use plan (LRUP) for Cherryville. Records include correspondence, briefing notes, manuals, forms and reports.

Silviculture audit and assessment files audit the processes and status of timber cut blocks to ensure foresters are keeping sites clean, following rules and complying with their silviculture obligations. Major licencees’ files can include multiple assessment forms for different cut blocks. Records can include pre-harvest silviculture prescription regulation checklists, pre-harvest silviculture prescriptions, correspondence, Forest Practice Board audit and investigation records for specific timber sale licenses (TSLs), and compliance reports for soil conservation, regeneration, and free growing obligations.

Appeal records include a few files from the Timber Harvesting Appeal Board, appeals to the Chief Forester and pricing appeals to the Regional Manager. Records can include procedures, decisions and correspondence.

Procedure and policy files regard residue and waste measurement, forest revenue inspector investigations, utilization, timber harvesting, billing, accounts receivable, pricing, silviculture compliance, silviculture, timber sale licences, district evaluation, protection, fuel management, fires, aviation management, trespass, collection management, timber export, waste management, scaling, compliance, tree farm licences, soil degradation, hydrology, geomorphology, research, visual resource management and forest planning. Records include correspondence, briefing notes, manuals, forms, reports, reference materials and training materials.

The ministries responsible for the Forest and Range Districts, and the years that they were responsible, are:

British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Lands (1986-1988)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1988-2005)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Range (2005-2010)

This series is classified under ORCS numbers, 12210-30, 19910-20, 17370-25, 17370-40, 12605-20, 18360-60, 18765-20, 18765-30, 19020-40, 19020-30, 21680-20 and 14680-40 of the Ministry of Forests schedule (881261). Procedures and policy files end with the secondary numbers "-00" and "-02".

British Columbia. Okanagan Shuswap Forest District

Northern Interior Forest Region silviculture records

  • GR-3916
  • Series
  • 1973-2009

This series consists of silviculture experiments and audit records from the Northern Interior Forest Region, 1973-2009. The Northern Interior Forest Region was created with the amalgamation of the Prince George Forest Region and Prince Rupert Forest Region in 2003. The region has included a variety of different forest districts. Records may regard the following Forest Districts: Cassiar, Dawson Creek, Fort Nelson, Fort St. John, Fort St. James, Kalum, Kispiox, Mackenzie, Morice, Prince George, Quesnel, Robson Valley, and Vanderhoof. Note that the names and boundaries of districts and regions varied over the years.

The Ministry of Forests defines silviculture as “the art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests and woodlands to meet the diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis.”

Silviculture (SX) experiment files regard trials completed under the jurisdiction of the silviculture program. Includes records detailing all silviculture trials conducted, working plans, results, evaluations, reports, models, copies of articles, maps, data, photos, slides, field notes and video tapes.

Silviculture audit and assessment files regard the audits and assessments made by the Ministry to ensure basic silviculture is carried out in accordance with regulations and approved silviculture prescriptions detailed in the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act. Audits evaluate whether or not there has been compliance with the regulations, the silviculture prescriptions are suitable, and there is acceptable progress towards achievement of silviculture objectives in the approved silviculture prescription. Silviculture prescription audits are carried out on areas under both major licences and areas under the Small Business Forest Enterprise Program (SBFEP) with approved silviculture prescriptions. Major licence audits relate to the operations of a specific company identified in the file title. SBFEP audits will include multiple operations in a particular district; these are identified in the files by timber sale licence (or other tenure type) number. Records can include correspondence, inspection forms, reports, and compliance reports for soil conservation, regeneration, free growing obligations, slides, photos and video tapes.

The series also includes some additional records related to silviculture such as openings, stock surveys and planting information. Related procedures may be included in this series or GR-3918.

The ministries responsible for the Forest and Range Districts, and the years that they were responsible, are:

British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1976-1986)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Lands (1986-1988)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1988-2005)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Range (2005-2010)

This series is classified under ORCS numbers 18765-20,18765-30, 18990-20 and 18990-30 of the Ministry of Forests schedule (881261).

British Columbia. Prince George Forest Region

Northern Interior Forest Region timber tenure records

  • GR-3917
  • Series
  • 1980-2010

This series consists of forest tenure records from the Northern Interior Forest Region, 1980-2010. The Northern Interior Forest Region was created with the amalgamation of the Prince George Forest Region and Prince Rupert Forest Region in 2003. At this time all open tenure files were transferred to the new Northern Interior Forest Region. The region has included a variety of different forest districts. Records may regard the following Forest Districts: Cassiar, Dawson Creek, Fort Nelson, Fort St. John, Fort St. James, Kalum, Kispiox, Mackenzie, Morice, Prince George, Quesnel, Robson Valley, and Vanderhoof. Note that the names and boundaries of districts and regions varied over the years.

Types of forest tenure records include: forest licences, licences to cut, timber licences, timber sale licences, timber licences, records related to Tree Farm Licence 51 (TFL 51) and pulpwood agreements. Pulpwood Agreements allow the continuance, establishment or expansion of a timber processing facility.

Records regard the issuance, evaluation, administration, monitoring, planning, replacement, cancellation and extension of forest tenures, as well as operations information. Operations information includes business and planning records regarding the establishment and operations of mills and other forestry related projects. They provide additional context of how and why licences were applied for and approved, as well as relevant administrative history of the companies such as name changes, changes in ownership and financial information.

Records include legal documents, annual reports, licences, licence applications, development plans, management plans, invitations for applications, financial records, briefing notes, correspondence, maps, photographs, agreements, proposals, drafts and procedures.

Some records regard First Nations owned logging operations and consultation with First Nations. Groups include the Tsay Kay Dene, Carrier Sekani Tribal Council, Takla (Takla Lake Indian Band), Kitwanga, Gitanyow, Gitxsan and others.

The ministries responsible for Forest and Range Districts, and the years that they were responsible, are:
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1976-1986)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Lands (1986-1988)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests (1988-2005)
British Columbia. Ministry of Forests and Range (2005-2010)

This series is classified under ORCS numbers 19500-20, 19500-25, 19500-60, 19560-20,19580-20, 19600-25, 19600-20, 19700-60, 19710-45 and 19710-65 of the Ministry of Forests schedule (881261).

British Columbia. Prince George Forest Region

Tibor Jando interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Tibor Louie Jando discusses logging and the Queen Charlotte Islands PERIOD COVERED: 1958-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Tibor Louie Jando speaks about the background to the MacMillan Bloedel operations at Juskatla, construction of logging roads, types of trees logged, tree growth and replanting. He discusses the Queen Charlotte Division, employees, recreation, facilities, town site and forest management. He compares the Canadian logging industry to other countries and discusses education in the industry. ;TRACK 2: Mr. Jando discusses various methods used for increasing the yield of the trees or "tree farming", new methods of logging and machinery including: grapple yarding, tree snippers, pulp machines; and balloon logging. This interview ends with logging sounds.

Forest practices investigation, complaint, and concern case files

  • GR-3674
  • Series
  • 1991 - 2011

The series consists of the case files of the Forest Practices Board with regard to its main function of acting as an independent watchdog to ensure compliance with sound forest and range practices. The case files involve the investigation of complaints and concerns relating to: forest practices; planning, including forest stewardship plans, site plans and woodlot licence plans; range plans and practices; protection of resources, including recreation; and industry compliance and government enforcement of the Forest and Range Practice Act and the Forest Practices Board Regulation.

Each case file consists of an investigation of a complaint from a member of the public, organization, etc. These investigations culminate in a report consisting of a discussion of the investigation background, its findings, conclusions and recommendations.

The files are arranged and titled according to the case involved, normally based on a geographic name.

Record types include correspondence, complaint notices, investigation summaries and final reports, "field reviews," auditors' field notes of observations, reports such as compliance audits, minutes of board panel meetings, on-site photographs, maps, and plans such as woodlot plans and forest development plans.

The records include a very large number of compact discs, and a small number of 3.5 inch floppy discs, VHS tapes and 8mm cassette video tapes. The contents of the compact discs includes digital files of letters, memos, emails, faxes, reports, power point presentations, photographs, mp3 recordings such as interviews, and video footage as mp4 files.

These records are scheduled as 97250-20 in the Forest Practices Board ORCS (schedule 131791).

British Columbia. Forest Practices Board

Forest Practices Board special reports

  • GR-4042
  • Series
  • 2001-2007

This series consists of special reporting case files created by the Forest Practices Board from 2001-2007. Special reports relate to the Forest Practices Board's overall duties or a particular case investigated by the Forest Practices Board. The Chair of the Forest Practices Board makes the decision to issue a special report if it is determined to be in the public interest or if an in-depth special investigation is not required. Special reports may focus on audits, compliance investigations, reviews and appeals, or other matters relating to forest practices.

The largest amount of material regards the creation of a report titled “A results based assessment of range practices under the Forest Practices Code in maintaining riparian values”. This related to a range riparian special project in Penticton, Kamloops, Cranbrook and Horsefly. The project assessed the effectiveness of range use planning in maintaining riparian and wildlife habitat using a field based assessment of ecological health in several areas to determine gaps and areas that could be better managed by the Forest Practices Code. It includes range, stream, lake and wetland assessment cards recorded in the field; cut block assessments; charts; photos; maps; correspondence; and copies of related range use plans.

Other reports relate to: water quality objectives; protection of domestic water under the Forest Practice Code; marbled murrelet habitat management; Kemess south mine powerline right of way; Caribou; non-timber forest products; road access management; forest health and wildfires; post fire hazard assessment; forest stewardship plans; and protecting karst in coastal BC.

Files may include copies of drafts of final reports as well as records used in the creation of reports. Record types include reports and studies, statistics, correspondence, reference material, photos, maps, meeting minutes and field notes.

The files are arranged numerically by case tracking number. These records are covered by ORCS number 97350-20 in the Forest Practices Board schedule (number 131791).

British Columbia. Forest Practices Board

Introducing Prince George : [incomplete]

SUMMARY: Part of radio program featuring interviews on location by Bob Harlow, with Ralph Laker (?), an old logger; Ron Linstrom (?) and Godwin Winedale (?), young loggers; and Clarence Minton (?), camp cook, about: arrival in Canada, camp life then and today; cutting lumber; trimming trees; killing bears; cooking duties. Followed by description of a logging mill by an unidentified announcer, with interviews of Ray Turner (?), foreman, and W.C. Phillips, district forester, about cutting logs; government timber policies; preserving northern spruce stands in Prince George area; industry, forestry, description of process. Included are sounds of sawing logs. Recorded by Lloyd Harrop. (NOTE: The BC Archives copy may not include all of the above material.)

Experimental forest sample plot studies

  • GR-4060
  • Series
  • 1924-1938

This series consists of experimental forest sample plot studies created by the research division of the Forest Branch from 1924-1938. The records track the growth, inventory, availability and volume of timber in a particular area referred to as a sample plot. This includes tracking the ratio of height and width of a tree relative to its age to estimate growth rates in various types of ecosystems. The records contain descriptive information of the plot’s soil, topography, ground cover, previous logging, location and vegetation.

One study from 1924-1930 referred to as project number 11 or ME 11 which relates to Douglas fir. The other study conducted around 1938 relates to red alder trees. Plots were located around Vancouver Island, the lower mainland, the Gulf Islands, the Sunshine Coast and other areas of the south coast. Records include statistics, tables, graphs and field notes.

British Columbia. Forest Branch

Glen Patterson interview

CALL NUMBER: T0509:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Forester and Vice President of Canadian Forest Products PERIOD COVERED: 1946-1974 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1974-07-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Patterson discusses: his move to Nimpkish Valley as a fire warden, 1947; first sustained yield plan for the Nimpkish Valley, 1947-48; fire protection practices in the Nimpkish Valley; company attitudes toward forest conservation, 1940s; forest service view of company practices, 1940s. Changes in Nimpkish Valley forestry practices, 1947-56. Forestry reform brought about by the Sloan Commission Report, 1953-55. Progressive forestry practices of CFP in the Nimpkish Valley, 1947-56. TRACK 2: Mr. Patterson discusses: fire protection practices in the Nimpkish Valley, 1947-52; development of volume and yield tables for the Nimpkish Valley; tree farm license granted in the Nimpkish Valley, 1960; responsibilities of B.C. Forest Service and logging companies in forest management; public attitudes toward forest management; the work of forestry institutions at the provincial and national level; life in the Nimpkish Valley and description of Woss Camp, 1948-56.

CALL NUMBER: T0509:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Forester and Vice President of Canadian Forest Products PERIOD COVERED: 1947-1956 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1974-07-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Patterson discusses women's lives in Woss camp, 1947-56 and the social divisions in camp life. (End of interview)

G.S. Andrews interview : [Flanderka, 1980]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Col. G.S. Andrews talks of his early education, experiences as a teacher, and survey work in BC PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1933 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-11-27 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: G.S. Andrews talks of his early schooling in Vancouver and problems encountered in obtaining admission to UBC. Teaching certificate obtained from Normal School. Early teaching experiences at Big Bar Creek. Description of travels to Kelly Lake and the establishment of the school at Kelly Lake. Teaching methods and memories of Kelly Lake school. TRACK 2: Andrews talks of his continuing education after four years of teaching. Toronto university and first year forestry. Reasons for entering forestry. Surveying as an undergraduate. Permanent employment in B.C. Forestry department. Recounts the first time he used aerial photography. Survey methods before the advent of aerial photography. Report on Flathead forest. Tranquille and Naskonlith forest and use of aerial photos. Use of aerial photgraphy in the Shuswap forest. Bush River. The period prior to travelling to England to continue his education.

Eric Garman and R.S. Dickhout interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Eric Garman and R.S. Dickhout : History of Thetis Park Nature Sanctuary RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1976-02-21 SUMMARY: In an interview by Peter Claxton, Eric H. Garman and R.S. Dickhout discuss the history of the Thetis Park Nature Sanctuary Association. Includes personal comments on the fields of forestry and natural history in B.C.

Eric Garman interview : [Nicholson, 1977]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Eric Garman : A life in forestry PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1977 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-03-13 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Family background and early life in England. Family immigrates to Canada, 1911; voyage by boat and train to Vancouver. Job as office boy for importer (Martin & Robertson Ltd.), W.H. Malkin grocery firm, and A. Macdonald & Co., another grocery firm. Service in World War I. Additional education after the war -- UBC. Decision to become a forester. Work for Bloedel, Stewart and Welch. Forestry training in Oregon. Scholarship to Yale University. TRACK 2: Graduation from Yale, 1928, with M.A. in forestry. Marriage, 1935, and children. Forestry jobs: C.D. Orchard; Nass River, 1922; Douglas fir survey; Cowichan Lake forest experimental station; spruce question; jobs after retirement. Awards. Thetis Park Nature Sanctuary. Choirs.

Estella Mills interview

CALL NUMBER: T1377:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A woman forester in the United States and Canada PERIOD COVERED: 1899-1940 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1975-01-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Estella Mills discusses her background: born June 23, 1899, in Binghampton, N.Y. (nee Dodge); family background in eastern USA; immigration to western USA in 1910; description of CPR immigrant train; moved to Portland, Oregon; early interest in botany. Enrolled in forestry at University of Washington, 1917. Experiences as the first woman enrolled in forestry at U. of W. Second woman in US;A to obtain post-secondary degree in forestry. Attained Master's degree in 1924. Married soon after graduation and never practiced forestry professionally. Discusses meeting her future husband, Russell Mills. TRACK 2: Went with husband to Saulk River Logging Company, Derrington, Washington. Logging camp life from a woman's point of view. Various forestry jobs during the Depression. Moved to Port Renfrew, B.C. (Malahat Logging Co.), 1935. Designing of logging railroads in San Juan River valley. Story of the Bear Creek logging bridge. Travelling between Victoria and Port Renfrew on the "Maquinna". Ordering groceries from Victoria. CALL NUMBER: T1377:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Logging camp life in the Nimpkish Valley, 1942-60 PERIOD COVERED: 1935-1960 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1975-01-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Travelling on the "Maquinna" between Victoria and Port Renfrew. Mrs. Mills and husband Russell move to Canadian Forest Products Ltd. in Nimpkish Valley, 1942. Adventures on early airplane flights into the Nimpkish Valley. Logging problems faced in the Nimpkish Valley. Logging camp life described. Problems of educating children in a logging camp. TRACK 2: The Women's Institute in the Nimpkish Valley. Medical services and problems. Logging accidents. Travelling to Alert Bay for supplies. Summary remarks. (End of interview)

E.K. "Ned" DeBeck interview : [Reimer, 1974]

CALL NUMBER: T0271:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early lumbering in B.C. PERIOD COVERED: 1865-1907 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1974-04-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Derek Reimer, Mr. DeBeck discusses: DeBeck family from New Brunswick; early lumbering on Burrard Inlet; timber cruising on North of Vancouver Island and around Knight Inlet; ownership of timber rights; early figures in the lumber industry on north Vancouver Island; Nimpkish Valley; Beaver Cove; anecdote concerning the "Finnish commune" at Sointula, B.C., 1900-1901; the rush for timber licenses in Nimpkish area, 1905-1907. [TRACK 2: blank.] CALL NUMBER: T0271:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early lumbering in B.C. and timber holdings in the Nimpkish Valley PERIOD COVERED: 1867-1970 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1974-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Derek Reimer, Mr. DeBeck talks about early lumbering in B.C. Anecdotes about Eustace Smith and his family. Changing timber cruising techniques, 1880-1970. Physical description of Eustace Smith. Anecdotes about the trapper, Otto Schoen. TRACK 2: Eustace Smith (continued from track 1). Anecdotes about timber cruiser, Bill Shannon. Characteristics of a good timber cruiser. Eustace Smith. Early hand logging techniques in B.C., 1867-1896. Description of early experiences in logging camps as a child and young man. Ox logging techniques and skid roads, 1870-1900. CALL NUMBER: T0271:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early B.C. lumber industry RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1974-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Derek Reimer, Mr. DeBeck talks about early lumbering in B.C. Ox logging, including care of the animals and types of equipment used. Life in the early logging camps, 1870-1900. Duties of the men in an ox logging camp. Anecdote about Tommy Roberts, "the logger's friend". Anecdote about Andrew Haslam. Advantages of steel cable over chains in logging, 1891-1892. Anecdotes about families living in the Nimpkish River Area, 1900-1910 TRACK 2: Questions concerning families in the Nimpkish Valley. Anecdote about the Hunt family. (End of interview)

C.D. Orchard : on the 1957 Commonwealth Forestry Conference

PERIOD COVERED: ;1914;-;1958 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1958-02-03 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: C.D. Orchard, Chief Forester and Deputy Minister of Forests, speaks to the Victoria Men's Canadian Club about the recent British Commonwealth Forestry Conference and tropical forestry, February 3, 1958.

Reginald V. Stuart interview

CALL NUMBER: T1871:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Reginald V. Stuart : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1914-1927 (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1927 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1960-01-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arrived in Vancouver in 1910 from Golden. Worked for Robert Filberg at Golden, 1919. Description of Vancouver in 1910. Clearing land in Vancouver. Stuart's early work history. Went to work at Powell River in 1911. Stuart enumerates the major logging companies on the South Coast and on Vancouver Island. Logging methods and technology in 1911. Wages and working conditions. Woods jobs. Stuart's work as accountant and scaler. TRACK 2: Forestry officials prior to the formation of the B.C. Forest Branch. Logging methods. The establishment of the B.C. Forest Branch under H.R. MacMillan in 1912. Stuart joined Forest Branch in 1914. Attempted political interference with the operation of the Forest Branch. Resistance to the ideas of forest management. Stuart's territory as a ranger. CALL NUMBER: T1871:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Reginald V. Stuart : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1914-1927 (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1914-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1960-01-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Anecdotes about Stuart's days as a ranger along the lower coast. Story of the resale of Hastings sawmill timber lease. Economic factors in the development of the forest industry. The low price of timber. Stuart worked for the Forest Branch, 1914-27. Reminiscences of the Chief Foresters: H.R. MacMillan, Martin Grainger, P.Z. Caverhill. TRACK 2: More on the career of M.A. Grainger. Comments on P.Z. Caverhill, Chief Forester in 1920s and 1930s. Stuart becomes manager of the Loggers Association, 1927. Public relations problems of the Forest Branch, 1920s. The first use of aircraft by the Forest Branch, 1917. Early air crashes near Vancouver. The first use of radios by the Forest Branch, 1920. Favourable comments on T.D. Pattullo. (End of interview)

L. Sawyer Hope interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): L.S. Hope : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1920-1923 PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1923 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-01-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Came to work for the B.C. Forest Branch from the University of Toronto, 1920. Timber cruising in the Ocean Falls area. The Victoria office of the Forest Branch. Timber cruising conditions in Prince George area, winter of 1921. Idea of a pulp mill in Prince George. TRACK 2: More on the pulp wood cruise in the Prince George area. Married in the summer of 1921. Became Assistant District Forester in Nelson Forest District, 1922. The rangers in the Nelson District. Hope's work as Assistant District Forester. Sawmills in the Nelson District. The cutting of poles, posts and ties. Match block manufacturing in Nelson. Fire fighting equipment in the Nelson District. (End of interview)

Leonard R. Andrews interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Leonard R. Andrews : the B.C. Forest Branch and the BCLMA, 1912-1960 PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-02-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Hired by H.R. MacMillan to work for the B.C. Forest Branch, 1912. U.S. advisors to the Forest Branch: Overton Price, John Lafon, R.E. Benedict. Andrews appointed District Forester in Vernon, 1913. The job of District Forester. Appointing fire wardens. H.R. MacMillan as Chief Forester. Fought in WW I. Returned to Forest Branch in 1918. Andrews becomes District Forester in Vancouver, 1920-25. Andrews was secretary-manager of the B.C. Loggers Association, 1925-27. Went to Bloedel Stewart and Welch at Menzies Bay, 1927. TRACK 2: The BSW camp at Menzies Bay. Andrews ill with TB, 1928. Joined B.C. Lumber Manufacturers Association, 1929. International trade arrangements for lumber. Andrews a member of the trade delegations in the 1930s. During WW II worked for federal Timber Comptroller, 1939-42. Was BCLMA representative in Ottawa, 1942-45. Then became secretary-manager of the BCLMA. Description of Bloedel Stewart and Welch camps, Menzies Bay logging operation, ca. 1927. Details on bunkhouses. Rates of pay. Working conditions. Logging methods. Forest Service personnel. Details on the career of H.R. MacMillan, ca. 1915-19. (End of interview)

C.D. Orchard : [reminiscences]

CALL NUMBER: T1887:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1893-1925 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Orchard born 1893 in Wakefield, N.B. Became a teacher in N.B. Comments on the development of forestry education. Entered forestry at UNB. In Canadian Armed Forces, 1914-19. Returned to forestry at UNB. Obtained job in BCFS in 1920. Met forester Charles S. Cowan and Chief Forester M.A. Grainger. Orchard's introduction to the Forest Branch. Early survey and cruising methods. Field work in Vernon. Working conditions in the Forest Branch. Cruise of the Kelowna watershed, 1920. Work along the Nass River, 1921. TRACK 2: More on cruising in the Nass River area, 1921022. Forest Branch work. Indians in the Nass country. Aiyansh. Comments on timber sales and forest management. Orchard put in charge of all forest surveys. Timber cruising methods. The development of forestry education. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1961 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: History of the B.C. Forest Branch: H.R. MacMillan, the first Chief Forester, 1912; early personnel; early forest inventories in B.C.; early organization of the Forest Service. Orchard becomes; District Forester in Cranbrook in 1924. Conditions in Cranbrook. Assistant District Forester in Nelson, 1925. Comments on Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill. Forestry conditions in B.C., 1910-40. Early timber leases. Comments on the Fulton Commission, 1909-10. Comments on Martin A. Grainger, secretary to the commission and later Chief Forester. Letter from H.R. MacMillan about Grainger and A.W. Ross, Minister of Lands. The Nelson Forest District in the mid-1920s. TRACK 2: More on the forest district especially about forest fires. Orchard becomes District Forester in Prince George, 1927. Transportation in the Prince George district. A forester's problems: fires and accounts. Attempted political interference in the Forest Branch. Patronage in the Public Service. Conditions in Prince George. Internal Forest Branch matters. Orchard moved to Victoria office, 1930. Patronage appointments of some staff. Orchard's duties. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 3) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forest Branch finances: Forest Protection Fund and annual allotments. Changes in Forest Branch function: forest protection before 1940 and forest management afterwards. Problems of the Depression. Staff shortages. Forest Branch equipment. Fire pumps. Orchard become head of Forest Service research, 1932. More on Depression problems. Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill dies, 1935. E.C. Manning becomes Chief Forester and Orchard Deputy Chief Forester, January 1936. Comments on Caverhill and Manning. Manning a promoter of parks. Parks turned over to Forest Branch in 1939. Parks to Recreation and Conservation in 1957. More on Manning. Manning dies in an air crash and Orchard becomes Chief Forester, 1941. Problems presented by WW II. The new job. TRACK 2: Problems of WW II. Forest industry profiteering. Labour problems. The perception of management problems in the early 1940s. The idea of sustained yield develops in the 1940s. Experiments in small log production. Role of Bob Filberg in these experiments. Political pressures on the Forest Service. Socreds susceptible to industry pressure. More on sustained yield. Orchard's memorandum on sustained yield, 1942. Private debate on forest management, 1942-43. Gordon Sloan appointed Royal Commissioner to look into forest management, 1943. The Sloan Commission. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 4) PERIOD COVERED: 1943-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Sloan Commission hearings, 1943-45. Orchard becomes Deputy Minister of Forests, 1945. Orchard continues as Chief Forester. Problems of wartime. Sloan's report in 1945 supports sustained yield. Evolution of the Forest Management License concept. E.T. Kenney becomes Minister of Lands and Forests, 1944. Comments on Kenney. Amendments to the Forest Act, 1946 and 1947. Disagreements with J.V. Fisher, Deputy Minister of Finance. Opposition to FMLs. Problems with the license system. Negotiations for early FMLs. TRACK 2: Forest management experiences elsewhere. Orchard's faith in the forest management system. The second Sloan Commission, 1955-56. Forest Service takes returning WW II veterans. Comments on UBC Faculty of Forestry. Ranger school at Green Timbers. Construction of ranger school. Comments on Fred Mulholland. Progress in the forest industry. Integration in the forest industry and reasons for it. Post-war production trends. Defense of forest management policies. Forest Service roads. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 5) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forestry work under the Silvicultural Fund. Fund ended in 1956. The second Sloan Commission into forestry, 1955-56. The Socred takeover, 1952. Orchard's opinions of the Socred government. The Sommers case from Orchard's point of view. Summary of the accomplishments of the Forest Service from 1912. (End of interview)

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