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Imbert Orchard fonds Haida Gwaii (B.C.)
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Agnes Mathers interview

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Agnes Mathers recounts her parents arrival in Skidegate and early Skidegate. She talks about the community, the family farm at Sandspit, other residents, community life, school picnics -- 24th May, 3rd June, 1st July, activities, family life, school, her teaching career, communication, early residents, the airstrip development and changes in Sandspit. TRACK 2: Miss Mathers continues wit;h comments about the expansion of Sandspit, logging camps, the transient nature of residents, local schools, transportation, mail trip with uncle at age 14, her job as Postmaster, plank roads, Indian ;residents of the community, islands and the outside world.

Agnes Russ : [song]

RECORDED: Skidegate (B.C.), [1962-09-10?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: On this [master] tape, Agnes Russ can be heard singing a Haida song.

Agnes Russ and Grace Stephens interview : [Fortune, 196-?]

RECORDED: Skidegate (B.C.), [196-?] SUMMARY: TRACK 2: In a [filmed] interview with Bob Fortune, Grace Stephens translates for her mother, Agnes Russ. Mrs. Russ speaks about Haida slavery, her longevity, the Queen Charlotte Island villages, the duties of slaves, present-day Skidegate, the smallpox epidemic, her girlhood, the family house, cooking and storage of food, potlatches, and argillite carvings.

Agnes Russ and Grace Stephens interview : [Orchard, 1962]

CALL NUMBER: T1150:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early days of Queen Charlottes (mostly Skidegate) 1849-1910 by Grace Stephens and Agnes Russ RECORDED: Skidegate (B.C.), 1962-09-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In these interviews, Grace Stephens translates and speaks for her mother, Agnes Russ. Grace Stephens describes the early life of her mother. Agnes Russ's father was an American (Hubbs) who ma;rried the Chief's daughter, she was raised by her grandparents in Masset (1859), attended Thomas Crosby's Girls' Home, married and returned to Skidegate interpreting for the first Methodist Missionary;. Grace Stephens grew up in Skidegate, married and farmed in Sandspit. She talks about early settlers, the missionaries, schooling, Skidegate and Masset villages, the destruction of totem poles, Bill ;Reid, the visit of Emily Carr, her childhood, the village at Kloo and Gold Harbour, her father (Amos Russ), details about the construction of canoes, the canoe ceremonies and travel to Port Essington.; TRACK 2: Grace Stephens speaks about the Anglican missionaries on the northern and the Methodists on the southern part of the Queen Charlotte Islands, the Tennant family and the dogfish oil refinery; (1880's), Haida hereditary chiefs, land ownership and an elected council. [a long pause in the tape] Grace Stephens translates for her mother, Agnes Russ, who is speaking in Haida. Mrs. Russ speaks a;bout the Haida people's respect for one another and their code of behavior, early memories of Masset, life in her grandfather's house, slaves, a recollection of a total eclipse of the sun, her family';s land ownership, and the Haida stories of the flood.

CALL NUMBER: T1150:0002 track 1 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early days of Queen Charlottes (mostly Skidegate) 1849-1910 by Grace Stephens and Agnes Russ RECORDED: Skidegate (B.C.), 1962-09-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Grace Stephens continues to translate for Agnes Russ. Some of Agnes's family have gone to Alaska and the southern end of the island. She speaks about her marriage, her husband's slaves, and ;the Haida potlatch, and she sings one of her grandfather's songs. [See also AAAB1277.] Agnes Russ speaks about trade, her longevity, Rev. Duncan and Rev. Crosby, the Methodist mission in Masset, Mark MacGregor, Mr. Freeman, Captain Oliver, Bishop Ridley, Rev. William Duncan, and Port Simpson. She recalls the visit of Judge O'Reilly coming to survey the reserves, the amalgamation of other villages ;at the Skidegate reserve, the effects of World War One, and wildlife on the island. [TRACK 2 is a separate interview done by Bob Fortune; see AAAB1276.]

Alice McCrea interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Alice McCrea recalls her family's involvement in the development of the Queen Charlotte Islands PERIOD COVERED: 1907-1928 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Alice McCrea speaks about her family coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands from Winnipeg in 1912, other settler families and the island's Sitka Spruce and it's use for early airplane construction (1916). She discusses island mills, the history of Port Clements, the introduction of deer, wildlife and fish, her father's launch the "Westover", "Mexican Tom" and other characters, the school a;t Port Clements, history of the Woden (Watun) River area, communities and residents along the Masset Inlet, logging and water transportation.

Arthur Husband interview

CALL NUMBER: T1173:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Arthur Husband's impressions of the Queen Charlotte Islands and the west coast PERIOD COVERED: 1905-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arthur Husband speaks about his family; his father came to farm on the Queen Charlotte Islands in 1905 and his grandfather operated the dogfish refinery at Skidegate. He recalls his childhood; on the islands, early homesteaders, life on the islands, employment opportunities, settlers, island personality traits and the clergy. TRACK 2: Arthur Husband continues with recollections about island characters, wildlife of the islands, birds, ousels, ravens, personal reflections, the islander personality, skeletons and burial sites, education and schooling, early life, climate and employment.

CALL NUMBER: T1173:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Arthur Husband's impressions of the Queen Charlotte Islands and the west coast PERIOD COVERED: 1915-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Husband speaks about his impressions of life in Vancouver during the depression, a description of the Queen Charlotte Islands, climate, vegetation, industries, logging, mining, fishing, the fishermans co-op and the whaling industry. TRACK 2: Mr. Husband continues with thoughts about the changes in the Queen Charlotte Islands, earthquakes and tidal waves and the future of the islands.

Barbara and Mike Raynolds interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Barbara Raynolds' describes her life on the Islands ; Mike Raynolds recites some poetry PERIOD COVERED: 1964-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Barbara Raynolds speaks about coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands from Berlin, Germany and her first impressions of the area. She talks about her interests and activities, the pros and cons; of living on the islands, shopping, her family and the advantages and problems of day-to-day living. Mike Raynolds reads some of his writings, fiction and poetry, inspired by the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Masset graveyard. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Bert Roberts interview

CALL NUMBER: T1151:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-09-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bert Roberts recalls his first impressions of Vancouver in 1906; the Depression of 1907; his attempts at employment, and adventures in British Columbia and Dawson; the "Undesirables of Dawson;"; his thoughts about Darwin and religion and his coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands (1911). TRACK 2: Mr. Roberts continues with a description of the Stave Falls work camp including: characters, living conditions and topics of discussion. He speaks about his reasons for coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands, transportation to the islands, first impressions, Miller Creek, the Lawn Hill settlement, the difficulty in acquiring land, staking land claims, Dr.Tomlinson and the Farmer's Association at Lawn Hill, social life, a story about a tree, settling at Tlell, Tom Hearn, Jimmy White, Oeanda; River, and black sand beaches.

CALL NUMBER: T1151:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-09-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bert Roberts continues speaking about Jimmy White and gold mining on the black sand beaches; his fishing career in 1919; fishing equipment; fishing at Hippo Island; local fishing co-operatives; the fishing season of 1931; fishing in the 1960s; conditions for spawning salmon; his salmon spawning ladder and recollections. TRACK 2: Mr. Roberts recounts a story about Victor Vigelous; a bear story; fishing stories; his philosophy of life; credit unions; roads and logging roads; local characters; "Mexican Tom"; Haida residents; local activities; impressions of the islands and the west coast.

Betty and Neil Carey interview

CALL NUMBER: T1188:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Neil Carey's trip around the Queen Charlotte Islands (1955) PERIOD COVERED: 1880-1955 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Neil Carey talks about Haida villages and sites visited on his circumnavigation of the Queen Charlottes including: Skedans totems, Old Cumshewa, graves at Church Creek, Maude Island, Tanu, Anthony Island (Ninstints), the Tian village, Hotsprings Island, Kaisun, Graham Island, the sandy coastline, Cape St. James lighthouse, north island and Langara Island. TRACK 2: Neil Carey continues with recollections of the Queen Charlottes and the family trip from Anacortes to the Queen Charlottes, 1955. He describes a found carving on Bonilla Island, crossing Hecate Strait, Skidegate Narrows, Moresby Island, Tasu, their home at "Puffin Cove", locating supplies, Jedway, Rose Harbour, his two sons, George (12) and Gene (10), Graham Island and the trip from Masset to Prince Rupert.

CALL NUMBER: T1188:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Beachcombing with Neil and Betty Carey PERIOD COVERED: 1954-1955 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Betty Carey describes: "canoe paths", the Chaatl (T'saahl) Indian village, Anthony Island (Ninstints), beachcombing, Hosu Bay and bottle messages. Neil Carey continues with recollections about found beachcombing treasures and Betty talks about her impressions of the Pacific, "Spotters Cabins", a black sand beach and beachcombing.

Betty Carey interview

CALL NUMBER: T1189:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Betty Carey's seafaring background and her trips to Alaska (1937 and 1963) PERIOD COVERED: 1937-1963 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Betty Carey talks about her childhood on Fidalgo Island, her impressions of the Indians and their skill with their dug-out canoes. She describes her first dug-out canoe and its background, ad;ventures during her trip to Alaska (1937), places and people she met along the route including: Dr. Darby, Rivers Inlet, Alert Bay, Columbia Mission Ship, Alison Harbour, Kitimat, canneries and memories of her reverse trip in 1963. TRACK 2: Betty Carey continues with recollections about her trip to Alaska (1937), Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Queen Charlotte Islands, the Inside Passage, her family ;life and a later trip with her husband, Neil. She describes Haida sites and villages, evidence of habitation, equipment and supplies for her trips, the Kozy family at Kelsey Bay and her impressions of; Ketchikan.

CALL NUMBER: T1189:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Betty Carey : Alaska and the Queen Charlotte Islands (1939-1955) PERIOD COVERED: 1880-1955 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Betty Carey continues with her recollections about her Alaska trip, subsequent trips to Alaska, a trip with her family (1955) to the Queen Charlotte Islands, Hecate Strait, Skidegate, Graham ;Island coast, and impressions of the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Between ourselves : Far western islands

SUMMARY: "Between Ourselves" was a weekly series of hour-long radio programs that presented Canada to Canadians. It featured aspects of Canadian life in docudramas, plays, music, and interviews, originating from different regions of Canada. The series ran from 1966 to 1979. This episode is about the Queen Charlotte Islands, past and present, including the Haida, their canoes, and settlements, and way of life; the arrival of the white settlers and missionaries; and the people who live there today. The voices heard are: Grace Stevens, Janice de Bucy, Mike and Barbara Reynolds, Neil and Betty Carey, Eric Ross, Knut Fladmark, Tom Moran, Arthur Husband, T.L. Williams, Bert Robertson, Joseph Weah, Chief William Matthews, and Dr. Peter Kelly.

Bill Law interview : [Orchard, 1965]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-08-05 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bill Law recounts his father's [William Law]arrival in BC and early life on Texada and Quadra Island. He describes his life on Quadra, including farming; logging; George "By-God" Stafford; George Verdier; and other interesting characters and their stories. TRACK 2: Mr. Law continues with his description of interesting local characters and their stories; "Skookum Tom", Tom Leask; the Hotel at Herriot Bay; Quathiaski Cove; canneries; Indians; his time in the Queen Charlottes.

Bird calls ; Yakoun River fishing trip

CALL NUMBER: T2152:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Imbert Orchard captures various sounds, including: children; a motorcycle; a motorboat; chopping wood; a chainsaw; and various bird calls -- seagulls; shorebirds; waterfowl; geese; trumpeter; swans; ducks; canoe paddling; loons; a medley of bird song; ravens; crows and surf. TRACK 2: Bird calls continue on this tape, including crows, ravens and forest sounds.

CALL NUMBER: T2152:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape continues with bird sounds, surf, and an unidentified bird call. A Tsimshian man speaks about this particular bird and the associated legend in which the bird calls to make the local berries ripe. Other bird calls are heard, followed by the sounds of a fishing trip on the Yakoun River. TRACK 2: Continuation of the fishing trip on the Yakoun River. Imbert Orchard speaks with l;ocal First Nations people about the fishing grounds, hereditary fishing rights, and fish processing. Assorted bird calls are heard, including Canada geese and a Great Blue Heron.

Boat sounds and miscellaneous

This tape begins with Imbert Orchard announcing "People in Landscape in the New Caledonia Country". A motorboat can be heard, followed by harbour sounds, and the sounds of the "Skeena Princess" and the "Parizeau" being unloaded at the dock at Queen Charlotte City. Sounds of unloading procedures are accompanied by Orchard's narration, and include: longshoremen's equipment; blocks and chains; pulleys; cranes and forklifts. An unidentified First Nations song with drum accompaniment is heard, followed by construction sounds and bells.

Carol and James Stewart-Burton interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The Stewart-Burton's life in the Queen Charlotte Islands and their impressions of its present state PERIOD COVERED: 1921-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: James Philip Stewart-Burton discusses his coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands in 1924, settlement and settlers in the Tow Hill area, road construction, the clam cannery at Tow Hill, settlement east of Masset, Jimmy White at "Oeander", Nadu and the Masset settlement. Carol Claudette Stewart-Burton speaks about her family and coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands in 1921 and Sangan River. TRACK 2: Carol Stewart-Burton continues speaking about a family holiday in 1918, constructing the family home and furniture, the family farm, the Tow Hill area, "Sangan Grange", work in canneries, the clam cannery at Tow Hill, living in Masset, Jimmy White, Cape Ball, activities on the island and the growth of Masset. James Stewart-Burton discusses the changes in Masset, sport fishing, residents;, education, population, Indian population and town facilities.

CBC Monday evening : Tidewaters ; Courtenay Youth Music Camp

SUMMARY: (1) "Tidewaters" was the 13th program in "From the Mountains to the Sea", a series about the history and people of British Columbia's regions, based on oral history interviews recorded by Robert (later Imbert) Orchard. It deals with the people who lived at different parts of the British Columbia coastline. The outer coast of British Columbia and the story of some of the wrecks around Cape Beale. Settlers on the coast: the Finns of Sointula, the Norwegians of Bella Coola, and the people who settled at the north end of Vancouver Island. Also the coastal Indians: the Haidas and their huge canoes, and the Nootka whale-hunters. Voices heard include: Ethel Cadorin, Edward Joyce, Annie Hayes, Ted Levelton, Milo Fougner, Arvo Tynjala, Frank Hole and Chief William Scow. The Hamatsa songs were performed by Mary Johnson, Annie Hayes, and Arvo Tynjala; another song was sung by Dick Willy. (2) In a concert from the Courtenay Youth Music Camp, Simon Streatfield conducts the Faculty Orchestra in works by; Vivaldi, Bach and Respighi, with soloists Steven Staryk, Otto Eifert and Ray Still. NOTE: Only the "Tidewaters" documentary is on this tape, which is tape 1 of 2.

Charles C. Hartie interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Queen Charlotte City and the islands - 1906-1930 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-09-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Charlie Hartie from Queen Charlotte City talks about coming to the Queen Charlotte Islands and delivering groceries by boat (1911), the land boom, promotion of Queen Charlotte City, failed settlements, the fish and timber industry, Alliford Bay fishing plant, attractions and impressions of the islands, west vs. east coast, weather, Indian villages at Masset and Skidegate (1911), Haida elders, Haida appearance, remnants of the villages, Skidegate Band, Arthur Soloman -- bandmaster, Government Agents -- Sandilands and Barge, Emmanuel Girard -- mill manager, mining, promoters -- McMorris;, logging and the drifter population. TRACK 2: Charlie Hartie recalls a fishing trip made during the hungry 1930's, other incidents in Hecate Strait, the logging industry, Port Clements, Tlell -- "The Dunes Club", boom days, first setters in 1905 and the steamboat service for the islands.

Claude Davidson interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Claude Davidson discusses various aspects of argillite carving RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Claude Davidson recalls his beginnings as a carver, his influences and techniques, inspirations, methods and styles of his carving and his present day role as teacher. He continues with a discussion of the history of argillite carving and some of the early carvers. TRACK 2: Claude Davidson discusses the process of locating and extracting the argillite slate, inherent problems with the material, types of pieces he designs, the expense of the materials and craftsmanship.

Dorothy R. Richardson interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Dorothy Richardson's life in the Queen Charlottes and her family's involvement in its development PERIOD COVERED: 1908-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Dorothy R. Richardson speaks about her family history, her grandfather (Willliam Leary) who came to the Queen Charlotte Islands in 1908, her father (Richard Husband), her family, growing up and the Depression era. She describes early memories of the Tlell, Skidegate area, residents, the Eric Ross family, settlements, the Husband family, their cattle ranch, problems with cattle in the area; and "Mexican Tom". She also comments about current conditions, roads, schooling, neighboring communities, "St. Mary's Spring", local jobs and unions. TRACK 2: Dorothy Richardson is interviewed standing outside on her property in Tlell; she speaks about the weather, roads, local conditions, the surrounding property, sport fishing, gardening, local Haida names for the area, beachcombing and other residents.

Doug Leach family interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Doug Leach and his family's impressions and activities on the Queen Charlotte Islands RECORDED: Tlell (B.C.), 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Doug Leach speaks about his family and their activities on the Queen Charlotte Islands, food gardening and living on the islands, Mrs. Leach, sounds of life on the islands, types of animals and crops raised, reasons for settling and establishing the "Island Observer". Mrs. Leach speaks about her impressions and her family, schooling and changes on the islands. Tom and Richard Leach speak ;about growing up on the islands.

Drying herring eggs, Queen Charlotte Islands

RECORDED: [location unknown], [1969?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape was recorded on a windy beach in the Queen Charlotte Islands. An unidentified Haida woman is interviewed about the process of collecting and drying kelp for the herring spawn; and various methods used to prepare it to eat. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Dwyer Brown interview

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-?] SUMMARY: In an oral history interview with Imbert Orchard, Dwyer Brown of Skidegate discusses Copper River [i.e., Copper Bay?]; how to make a traditional cedar canoe, using axe, adze and steam; the seasons of ;the "Indian year"; camping in the abandoned Haida villages of Cumshewa and Skedans; totem poles in the old villages; etc. The last tape ends with 5-6 minutes of recorded sounds, including: a ferry or fishing boat, approaching and in the distance; footsteps on a dock; boat engine sounds; distant explosion. [Note: This summary is based on incomplete notes in the file.]

Eric Ross interview

CALL NUMBER: T1155:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Eric Ross recalls the changes in mining, fishing and logging since 1937 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Eric Ross speaks about his childhood on the Queen Charlotte Islands, the family homestead, other residents in the area (Southeast Harbour, Tlell), farming and oxen. He compares early and pre;sent-day logging methods and operations, equipment, location of logging sites and mills. TRACK 2: Mr. Ross talks about historic and modern mining operations in Jedway and Tasu, iron ore and copper deposits, the fishing industry, canneries -- changes in methods and operations, fish and shellfish stock and whaling stations. He describes modern settlements at: Masset, Port Clements, Juskatla, Tlell, Skidegate, Queen Charlotte, Sandspit, Moresby and Tasu.

CALL NUMBER: T1155:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Eric Ross describes geography, wildlife, people, and general situation in the Queen Charlottes RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Eric Ross describes the geography and location of the Queen Charlotte Islands, physical attributes, terrain, geology, lakes, the coastline, west coast, appearance, sounds, vegetation, climate, winds, waves, earthquakes and argillite deposits. TRACK 2: Eric Ross speaks about the local wildlife, the importation of deer, black bear, birds, the islanders, changes, transportation, the local population, prospecting, community organizations, the DND facility in Masset, Indian and white integrated education, the local school board and effects of modern civilization on the islands.

Eva Marie Sweeney interview

RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Eva Marie Sweeney (daughter of Captain Victor Jacobson) discusses her father's life beginning with a club that he founded in 1936 after he retired from a life at sea; he died at 97 in 1949. She describes his birth in Finland and his childhood, coming to Victoria. She discusses his experiences on sealing schooners which led him to get his own schooner called, "The Mountain Chief", and other boats he owned, details about a ship called "Thermopylae". She tells a story about her father's sealing expedition in the Bering Sea when Americans seized Canadian ships and tells another story about a boat her father bought that was chartered by Robert Louis Stevenson for the sealing trade. She describes other boats he owned, living aboard the boats, the process of selling seal skins and having to pay Indian hunters in gold. She tells how later her father went into the real estate then reverts to more stories about sealing days including interactions and relationships with Indians. TRACK 2: Eva Marie Sweeny continues with more stories about experiences in the Bering Sea including one where Captain Jacobsen broke his jaw and another about the cat on the ship, about Indian superstitions and an encounter with an octopus. She tells about her grandmother who came from Sweden when she was 70 and went fishing in a sealing boat. She recalls the time her father brought home a baby seal as a pet, the Rogers family of Rogers Chocolates, and a freighting trip her father took to the Queen Charlotte Islands in 1912.

Far western islands : [sounds]

SUMMARY: Presumably location sounds recorded for use in Imbert Orchard's radio documentary "Far Western Islands" (about life on the Queen Charlotte Islands). The sounds include: a motorboat; welcome song; chopping with an adze; and bells (2 versions).

Fish boats : Masset : [sounds]

CALL NUMBER: T4255:0086 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Fish boats #1 : Masset SUMMARY: [No content information available.]

CALL NUMBER: T4255:0087 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Fish boats #2 : Masset : sound SUMMARY: [No content information available.]

Florence Davidson interview : [Orchard, 1969]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Florence Davidson's family heritage : the Edenshaws and Davidsons PERIOD COVERED: 1883-1969 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Florence Edenshaw Davidson talks about her father -- Charles Edenshaw, Chief of the Eagles, her family history, Albert Edward Edenshaw -- her grandfather, education and training of the chief, comments on marriage and her own arranged marriage, her husband -- Robert Davidson Sr., living in early Masset, the village church, her wedding celebration and her ancestors who were artist carvers. TRACK 2: Florence Davidson continues speaking about her father's hunting and carving, the beginning of his argillite carving, other family members, effects of the missionaries, loss of customs, hereditary chiefs and Haida dancing.

From the mountains to the sea : Tidewaters

SUMMARY: "Tidewaters", number 13 in the series, is about the people who lived at different parts of the British Columbia coastline. The outer coast of BC, and the story of some of the wrecks around Cape Beale. Settlers on the coast: the Finns of Sointula, the Norwegians of Bella Coola, and the people who settled at the north end of Vancouver Island. Also the coastal Indians: the Haidas and their huge canoes, and the Nootka whale-hunters. Voices heard include: Ethel Cadorin, Edward Joyce, Annie Hayes, Ted Levelton, Milo Fougner, Arvo Tynjala, Frank Hole and Chief William Scow. The Hamatsa songs were performed by Mary Johnson, Annie Hayes, and Arvo Tynjala; another song was sung by Dick Willy.

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