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World War, 1939-1945--British Columbia
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Terence Finney interview

RECORDED: Pitt Meadows (B.C.), [19--] SUMMARY: Tape recorded reminiscences of Terry Finney, who immigrated to Canada in 1929 and moved to B.C. in 1933. Finney prepared aviation correspondence courses for the B.C. Department of Education and was active in the Aero Club of B.C. He trained military pilots during the Second World War, and civilian pilots in the post-war years.

Joe Bertalino interview : [Swartz, 1985]

CALL NUMBER: T4210:0007 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Pioneer Profiles project : Joe Bertalino RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1985-03-11 SUMMARY: Joe Bertalino was an early aircraft maintenance engineer, the first Vancouver employee of United Airlines. Served on the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Maintenance Chief at Abbotsford. Joined Department of Transport as Airworthiness Inspector post WWII. TRACK 1: Meeting Lindbergh at Spokane airport in 1927 and starting an aviation career. Moving to Vancouver and working for Dominion Airways. Barnstorming around Kamloops with Humphrey "Hump" Madden in 1931. Working at Vancouver airport in the early 1930s. The "cent-a-pound" days. Gliding activities at Vancouver airport. United Airlines; commences airline service to Vancouver. Working for United then Trans-Canada Airlines. TRACK 2: Starting up the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Activities at Vancouver, Victoria, Boundary Bay, Caron, and Abbotsford. Working for the Department of Transport, post war. Inspection of homebuilt aircraft. Accidents on the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Reminiscences of the Boeing flying boats. CALL NUMBER: T4210:0008 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Pioneer Profiles project : Joe Bertalino RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1985-03-11 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Joe Bertalino began flying and ground school with Dominion Airways at Lulu Island. Bill Templeton spurs on airport development. Background on Dobbins and Dominion Airways. Four Dobbin Brothers. Helped assemble Gypsy Moths. Loss of seaplane. After Vancouver put up hangar, transition from Lulu Island to Sea Island. Life at Lulu Island (Lansdowne) airport. Competition. Accident with Stinson. Flying training and night school. Evolution of Aero Club of British Columbia. Original hangar use and buyout. TRACK 2: Temporary hangar at Lansdowne, changing aircraft from wheels to floats. Offices in hangar. 1931 Air Tour. 1930 Air Tour. First autogyro at Vancouver. Rosco Turner's record flights. Other record flights from Vancouver. References to post war Ministry of Transport Inspectors.

James Campbell interview

CALL NUMBER: T4259:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Pioneer Profiles project : James Campbell RECORDED: [location unknown], 1985-09-02 SUMMARY: James Campbell was born October 25, 1905 in Bannockburn, Scotland and migrated to Vancouver in May, 1912. Worked as a railway engineer, then as a mechanic for Hoffer-Beeching Shipyard (1928) which bec;ame Boeing Aircraft of Canada with whom he stayed until 1941 when he started his own business. TRACK 1: Describes his early work experience and the early days at Boeing Aircraft of Canada. TRACK 2: D;escribes Boeing Aircraft of Canada's plant and the aircraft they built in the early 1930s.;

CALL NUMBER: T4259:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Pioneer Profiles project : James Campbell RECORDED: [location unknown], 1985-09-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: James Campbell talks about the Boeing Totem flying boat and flying operations in Vancouver in the 1930s. Discusses the Boeing shipyards. TRACK 2: Discusses working conditions at Boeing and t;he changes which occurred when World War II approached. Also talks about the Boeing primary glider.;

Heritage theatre : Japanese internment : 1942

SUMMARY: "Heritage Theatre" was a series of short historical plays set in the Vancouver environs. These vignettes illustrate some of the significant events and interesting episodes from Vancouver's earliest ti;mes. First broadcast in 1977, the plays were made in co-operation the Social Planning Department of the City of Vancouver. This series was broadcast during the summer of 1981. This episode, "Japanese ;Internment: 1942" by Tom Cone, depicts the Japanese internment camps during World War II.;

Jessie Lam Ross interview : [Low, 1980]

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1930 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Family arrived in B.C. in the 1890s. Her father, Ling Lam, arrived and worked first in Victoria then settled in Steveston. Hong Wo Store started in Steveston, 1895. Ling Lam died 1939. By 1939 he owned a mixed farm, general store and operated a fish contracting business to hire labour for the canneries. Jessie and her brother John bought-out other family members in the business after 1939. The company had contracts with vegetable/fruit canneries such as Empress Factories, Grower's Canneries (Royal City Brand), and to some wholesalers in Vancouver Chinatown. The farm hired full-time Chinese workers who lived on the farm and Japanese women and their families as day labourers. Description of Chinese farm workers' living and working conditions on the farm. Details of father and mother's family background prior to immigration to Canada. Description of second store after the first store burnt in 1904. Store built on stilts over water, and warehouse on wharf over deep waters for boats/fishermen to shop and pick-up supplies. Location of farm. Description of father as a "gentleman farmer" wearing three-piece serge blue suit. TRACK 2: Discusses veg/cannery contract with Empress Factories. Description of their farm's Chinese foreman and his sons who worked on the farm all their lives. Ling Lam did not permit swearing or gambling on the farm, or by any family members. Details of Ling Lam's children's education. Description of farm workers' meals. Ling Lam's invention of cucumber grader and his introduction of the Utah green celery to the area. Ling Lam was head of the Chinese Growers' Association, the group against B.C. Coast Marketing Board. Making boxes for farm produce.

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm PERIOD COVERED: 1900s-1960s RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Farm produce on consignment to wholesalers up until the 1960s. Ling Lam supplied all Occidental and Oriental labourers to the Phoenix Cannery (ABC) until the 1930s; then just Oriental labourers. Ling Lam was active with the clan organization the Lum Association. Jessie Lam comments on the difficulties of her contemporaries in finding professional jobs after receiving post-secondary education. Describes some neighbouring farms. The credit/accounting system with farm workers on wages. Jessie Lam's summer vacation work experience on the farm. Shipping/transportation of pickles by railway to Eastern Canada. Chinese women day labourers working on the farm in the 1950s. The end of the fish contracts with B.C. Packers (Phoenix) in 1968. Sugar rationing during WW II. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1973 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mother had Caucasian cleaning ladies to help with the household. Jessie Lam went to chaperoned parties/social functions during her teens. Talks of the soup kitchens in Vancouver Chinatown during the 1930s Depression. Marriage of brother John and sister Mary. Talks of the family motorcar holiday trip to Oregon in 1928. Recalls mother's prized baking, and father's vegetable competition at the PNE. An anecdote of father's temperament. Refers to the community of Eburne on Sea Island. Attending church on Sundays at the Methodist Chinese Church in Vancouver Chinatown. Describes her typical Sunday activities with her family. Going to Chinese language school after regular school day. Jessie Ross was "Miss China" during WW II as part of the Allied countries effort to raise money for the troops. Helped sell government bonds during the war. Involved with the Chinese community's effort to raise funds for the "Rice Bowl" campaign. Chinese professionals in B.C. could only attract Chinese clientele in the 1920s-50s. TRACK 2: Chinese vegetable and fish peddlers in Jessie Lam's neighbourhood (as a child) and Jewish junkmen. Milk delivered by horse and carriage until WW II. Speaks of various prominent Chinese families in Vancouver during her youth. Refers to Chung Chuck, Delta farmer who fought with her father against the B.C. Coast Marketing Board (to the Privy Council). Problems farmers, especially the Chinese, had with the Board. The closure of the farm and store in 1971 and liquidation of the property and business in 1973. Lists of goods sold at the store. Anecdote of Jessie Ross and brother John rowing out to Steveston Island.

CALL NUMBER: T3719:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jessie Lam Ross : Chinese at work in B.C. : The Hong Wo Store and the Richmond Gardens Farm RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1980-07-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: [No content summary available for this tape.] TRACK 2: blank.

James Chan interview

CALL NUMBER: T3721:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Chan : Chinese at work in B.C. : restaurants PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1925 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-07-30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Describes background: born 1894 in China; father came to Canada and worked in laundries; he came to Canada 1910-11 on the Empress of Japan; went to public and Chinese school when first arrived in Victoria; talks of marriage proposals by Chinese Canadian-born women in Victoria; talks of first job as a houseboy in a boarding house. Tells of the 21 day journey of the Empress ship to Canada: living conditions; ship companions; description of boat. Talks of Immigration Building in Victoria. Talks of first impressions of Victoria and the arrangement made by his father to receive him. Description of the Chinese quarters around Victoria and the location of various shops and restaurants, ca. 1910. TRACK 2: Talks of the various personalities in Chinatown around 1910. Talks of going to school after work to learn English. Refers to the cutting of his pigtail before the Chinese revolution, 1911, in China and giving the hair to his mother. Refers to the "Rock Bay incident" where Chinese students were segregated from white students. Description of his living quarters, i.e. living in the "fong" with 20 people on the floor and toilet. Using the baths at the barber shop.

CALL NUMBER: T3721:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Chan : Chinese at work in B.C. : restaurants PERIOD COVERED: 1915-1970 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-07-30 SUMMARY: Discusses people in the "fong" mostly Lee's, and thus related to his mother. Discusses the factionalism of some Chinese societies, i.e. Chinese Freemasons and the Dartcoon Club, Chan Association and the Toy San Association. Different businesses in Victoria were controlled by certain last names, i.e.. Laundries by Wong's and Mar's; lumbering by Hoi Ping District Chinese. Talks of the big fire and explosion of gas tanks in Victoria. Only four Chinese, between 1910-20, had cars: Lee Mong Kew, Tim Kee, Lim Bang & (?). Talks of labour contract offices in town and personal referral systems for jobs. Discusses the various jobs he had as a cook in restaurants. Anecdote of rivalry between him and the cook "Quan" when he worked in a private residence. Talks of competition and pettiness of some personalities in the restaurant business, and gives a series of examples. Compares wages of restaurant cooks and other occupations Chinese were in. Unionism and Chinese in restaurants: Chinese were closed from the union in the early days. First paid vacation by a restaurant was 1935. Talks of evolution of the mechanization and improvement of equipment in the restaurants. Talks of improvements made after WW II in equipment and working conditions. Working at Work Point Barracks as a cook for the armed forces in the 1960s.

CALL NUMBER: T3721:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Chan : Chinese at work in B.C. : restaurants PERIOD COVERED: 1911-1940 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-07-30 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Helped train relations and other Chans in the restaurant business. Opened and owned a restaurant, but went broke during Depression. Compares the differences between white owned and Chinese owned restaurants. Worked 7 days a week, and 12 hours a day. Chinese New Year: cooks who worked in private residences demanded 4-5 days off from their employers. Talks of Christianity and his views on religion. Refers to poll tax and road tax collected at work. Talks of the difficulty of educated Chinese who could not get work as professionals before 1949 in Canada. Description of William Head Quarantine Station when the Chinese labour force from China were quarantined en route to France. Worked on the CPR Princess line as cook in 1919. Having clothes tailor-made by Chinese tailors in Victoria. Description of the events/celebrations in Victoria after the August 1911 Revolution in China, and the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. Vivid description of Dr. Sun Yet Sun during his tour of Victoria, refers to his speech at the Chinese Theatre and Sun's faux pas about "wanting to be king", after the revolution of the Manchus. TRACK 2: Refers to the visit of Kang Yu Wei [Kang Youwei] and his talk at the Empire Reform Association. Speaks of the incident of the murder of a man of Manchu descent after the 1911 Revolution in Victoria Chinatown.

CALL NUMBER: T3721:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Chan : Chinese at work in B.C. : restaurants PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1952 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-08-13 SUMMARY: Mr. Chan discusses: attending Sunday School at Chinese Mission; Chinese Theatre in Victoria (description of the building and the travelling opera company); description of Chinese women in Victoria and especially references to their dress. Incident of the "Variety" theatre house which would not allow Chinese patrons. Chinese using Chinese dry goods shops as private "banks". Talks of the restaurants; which went broke and employees taking a cut in pay during the Depression. The Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association organized a "soup kitchen" for the Chinese during the Depression. Many Chinese returned to China during the Depression to visit and "wait it out". Apply for family to immigrate to Canada in 1950. Describes difficulty in applying for immigration status because he stayed in China for more than one year during his last visit. Speaks of his friend who learned to fly planes in order to return to China to help the KMT to fight against the Communists. Speaks of the conscription of Chinese-Canadians during WW II. Fundraiser in Victoria by KMT for the internal war in China. Refers to the "swindling and graft" by some members of the Chan Family Association. Information about his family: children and 2 wives. Talks of the after-hours restaurants he ate at after his shift cooking for others.

CALL NUMBER: T3721:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Chan : Chinese at work in B.C. : restaurants PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1980 RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1980-08-13 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Discusses: gambling in Victoria Chinatown; obtaining work permits at Manpower and Immigration for friends; the difficulty in getting dishwashers in restaurants during WW II. Chinese immigrants borrowing and paying high interest for $500 head tax. Chinese cemetery and the sending of bones back to China. Illegal entry of the Chinese into Canada. Comparison of the Chinese community in Victoria at present and in the past. Settling disputes of Chinese within the Chinese community by family and clan associations. Anecdote of an open fist fight between Kuomingtang Association and the Chinese Freemasons in Victoria. Story of the murder in daylight of a Chinese by a Chinese in Chinatown. TRACK 2: Chinese New Year's celebrations in Victoria's Chinatown. Ching Ming--describes the spring Chinese ceremony of commemorating the dead. His wish for the opportunity for more education. Description of various shops in Chinatown area. Talks of Tim Kee and Lim Bang, two prominent Chinese residents in Victoria. Description of Chinese laundries in Victoria. Chinese working in the fish canneries. Chinese women not encouraged to go to school in Victoria. The disintegration of Chinatown at present. Predicts the future of the New Horizon's Club in the Toy San Association building. (End of interview).

Ellen Barber interview : [Diamond, 1979]

CALL NUMBER: T3607:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Ellen Barber : early union organization in the laundries, 1914-1918 : [tape 1] RECORDED: Port Moody (B.C.), 1979-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Barber was one of the first women active in the Vancouver Trades and Labour Congress (an affiliate of the Trades and Labour Congress). She was involved in organising laundry and communication workers during the First World War period. In this interview, she describes union organisation during World War One; working conditions in the laundries; bargaining procedures; organising the unions; the laundry strike and its defeat; the formation of the Minimum Wage Board; the telephone workers strike. TRACK 2: Attitudes to women within the unions; working in the war industry in WWII; post-war layoffs of women workers; piecework; CCF involvement in the unions; her family's roots, and her decision to become a unionist; women's suffrage and its effects on working women; Oriental workers and parallel attitudes to women; the Shirt, Waist and Laundry Workers' International Union in the 1940s; the streetcar strike of 1918.;

CALL NUMBER: T3607:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Ellen Barber : early union organization in the laundries, 1914-1918 : [tape 2] RECORDED: Port Moody (B.C.), 1979-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Depression use of female labour; the impact of the Russian Revolution on the labour movement; shipyard conditions; accidents in the laundries; women's organisations in the 1930s. [TRACK 2: blank.];

Buster Foster interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Harold (Buster) Foster : The IAM and union women in World War II RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1979-06-06 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Buster Foster was an engineer; burned in an accident in the early 1930s, he was forced onto relief. Social workers harassed relief recipients throughout the Depression. During both world wars, he worked in the shipyards. He participated in the 1919 solidarity strike with the OBU in BC. During World War II he supervised thirty-five to forty women in the shipyards as steward for the union. There were few grievances filed by the women. TRACK 2: After the war, he voiced his concern that two people in a family should not be working when there were only adequate numbers of jobs for one family member. Despite the no-strike pledge, the International Association of Machinists, which he represented, went out on a seven-day job action during the war, resulting in the Richards Commission. Conflicts existed in the IAM over Canadian autonomy and control by the International over Canadian funds and policy.

Mickey and Francis Nicholson interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Tofino-Clayoquot : Cecil and Frances Nicholson RECORDED: [location unknown], 1979 SUMMARY: In an interview with Bob Bossin, Cecil ("Mickey") Nicholson and Frances Nicholson discuss life in the Tofino-Clayoquot area. Mr. Nicholson: Clayoquot used to be inhabited by men only; the Japanese community; fish poisoning; after the war, few Japanese returned to area; comments on government decision to intern Japanese; watching the Japanese leave Tofino -- many sad faces; ill feelings toward Japanese after war; role of alcohol in early Clayoquot-Tofino communities; anecdote about a Native coffin in a cave; abundant washouts made traveling on roads difficult. Frances Nicholson also offers a few comments.

Ian McLeod interview

CALL NUMBER: T3878:0054a SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Tofino-Clayoquot : Ian McLeod RECORDED: [location unknown], 1979-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Bob Bossin, Ian McLeod discusses his background: uncle was on police force in Glasgow, came to Canada and joined provincial police, stationed in Tofino; father came out to Tofino in 1912; father fought in WW I, but came back to Tofino after; married in Scotland, brought wife and family over to Tofino a few years later; climate was nicer in 1920s and '30s than now; father became captain of the life boat units; description of his uncle Ewing's character and life; uncle's relations with Native people. Describes why liquor started to become a problem for Native people. Uncle Ewing was much more jolly than his father. Uncle Murdo was a fishing inspector in the area. Differences between fishing then and now. Used to be many Japanese fishermen in the Tofino area. Learned trolling from Japanese fishers. Intricacies of trolling. Ian had good relationship with Japanese. More on fishing etiquette. Signs used by fishermen. TRACK 2: Weather signals when fishing in the; pre-WW II years. Differences in fishing in the '30s and now. Japanese evacuation after Pearl Harbour. Post-war attempts to stop Japanese from returning to Tofino. Bill McKay -- local character who drank a lot. Bill Spittle -- eccentric man. Lord Willingdon anecdote. CALL NUMBER: T3878:0054b SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Tofino-Clayoquot : Ian McLeod RECORDED: [location unknown], 1979 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: In an interview with Bob Bossin, Ian McLeod discusses: his religious father; family worship on Sundays as a child; father only drank once a year (or so); Scottish women could not make cakes as well as the Norwegian women; his uncle won property on Clarket Island through a bet with Mr. Dolly; May 24th parties at Clarket Island -- sports, singing, Native and white people participated; the Leach murder. Describes his job in WW II with the navy where he had to go into the homes of Japanese families that had been evacuated and look for suspicious items. Anecdote about killing a cougar in the water in 1952. [TRACK 2: blank?]

Earle C. Westwood interview : [Mitchell & Nikitiuk, 1978]

CALL NUMBER: T2662:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Earle C. Westwood discusses his early life PERIOD COVERED: 1909-1953 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-05-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Earle C. Westwood discusses his early life. He describes his family, their pioneering experiences in the Nanaimo area, his education, and his work as a bank clerk, longshoreman, and millwright assistant. Mentioned in context are Nanaimo, B.C.; Port Alice, B.C.; Britannia High School in Vancouver; Wesley Black. TRACK 2: Earle Westwood discusses the Depression, his return to Nanaimo, his funeral parlour businesses in Nanaimo and Duncan, and his involvement in the Junior Chamber of Commerce, the Nanaimo City Council, and his period as mayor of Nanaimo. He also relates his impressions of; the Coalition government, his early career ambitions, and his organizational membership. Westwood describes his first interests in Social Credit and his first meeting with W.A.C. Bennett. In addition, he discusses the provincial election of 1953. Mentioned in passing are Ernie Carson, George S. Pearson, Byron Johnson, Peter Maffeo, and Lorenzo Giovando. CALL NUMBER: T2662:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Earle C. Westwood discusses his experiences as a cabinet minister PERIOD COVERED: 1956-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-05-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Earle C. Westwood discusses the provincial elections of 1953 and 1956 as well as his own election in 1956 and his appointment as Minister of Trade and Industry. Mentioned also are his travels with Premier Bennett in 1954, party platforms in the 1953 and 1956 elections, and his perceptions of his political opponents. He describes his objectives as MLA and cabinet minister and the projects undertaken by the Department of Trade and Industry while it was under his direction. TRACK 2: Earle Westwood discusses the origins and policies of the Department of Recreation and Conservation, the nature of the tourist industry in B.C. during the late 1950s, and the creation of Beautiful B.C. Magazine. He also discusses decision and policy making in his ministry as well as some activities of the B.C. Federation of Fish and Game Clubs. Westwood also relates how his estimates were approved by Treasury Board. CALL NUMBER: T2662:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Earle C. Westwood on his later political life and his period as Agent-General PERIOD COVERED: 1960-1968 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-06-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Earle C. Westwood recalls his days as Minister of Recreation and Conservation, and Commercial Transport. He discusses the provincial election of 1960, the Pacific Northern Railway, and the B.C. government takeovers of the B.C. Electric Co. and the Black Ball ferry fleet. Westwood also discusses northern development and some speculation that B.C. would seek the Winter Olympics. TRACK 2: Earle C. Westwood evaluates the effectiveness of the C.C.F. opposition during his years in office, focusing on the roles of Robert Strachan, Dave Barrett and Leo Nimsick. He also comments on the nature of the Social Credit opposition during the Dave Barrett administration. Westwood recalls the provincial election of 1963 and his retirement from politics. Also discussed are his period as Agent-General, the effects of socialism in Britain and Westwood's travels with W.A.C. Bennett in Europe. CALL NUMBER: T2662:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Earle C. Westwood on his time as Agent-General and his general perception of politics PERIOD COVERED: 1964-1978 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-06-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Earle C. Westwood recalls his travels in Europe with W.A.C. Bennett and his accomplishments as Agent-General. He discusses his activities upon returning to B.C. and comments on his perceptions of various political figures including: Dave Stupich, Leo Nimsick, Tom Uphill, Gordon Gibson, Deane Finlayson, Robert Bonner, Einar Gunderson, Phil Gaglardi, Robert Thompson, and Ronald Worley. Westwood also discusses how cabinet was run during the W.A.C. Bennett years, how policies were developed, and his own relationship with Bennett. TRACK 2: Westwood discusses the relationship between the Social Credit party in B.C. and Social Credit parties in other provinces (Alberta and Quebec) and the relationship with the federal Social Credit party. He also describes his activities before the caucus and his perceptions of W.A.C. Bennett as premier. Also discussed are Westwood's relationship with the press, government-organized group relations, and his perceptions of other political parties. Westwood also comments on the role of government. CALL NUMBER: T2662:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Earle C. Westwood discusses various political and social issues PERIOD COVERED: 1939-1978 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978-06-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Earle C. Westwood discusses civil defence in Nanaimo during World War II; all night sessions in the Legislature; his first interests in Social Credit; the Coalition government in B.C.; dominion-provincial relations during his terms in office; the Robert Sommers case; his concept of free enterprise and socialism; his impressions of Lyle Wicks, Eric Martin, and William Chant; proselytizers of the original Social Credit theories; and the current administration of W.R. Bennett. He also discusses California's Proposition 13 and the appeal of Social Credit to British Columbians. TRACK 2: Westwood discusses public reluctance to admit their support for Social Credit; eastern perceptions of Social Credit in B.C.; his meeting with Joey Smallwood; the fishing industry in B.C.; and his former plans for Newcastle Island as Minister of Recreation and Conservation. Westwood completes the interview with a brief account of his present activities.

Doris and R.C. McKeand interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life on Tibbs Island, 1944-1950 PERIOD COVERED: 1944-1950 RECORDED: Nanaimo (B.C.), 1978 SUMMARY: Mr. & Mrs. Robby McKeand of Nanaimo, B.C., interviewed by Bob Bossin, 1978. Subject of the interview: life on Tibbs Island [now Arnet Island]; the local Natives; the Japanese-Canadians in the Tofino area. Also, discussion of: rumours about a Japanese sub shelling a lighthouse in World War II; Japanese ambitions of running the world; anecdote about a Japanese fisherman.

Jonnie Rankin interview

CALL NUMBER: T3628:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Jonnie Rankin : women in the B.C. shipyards in the 1940s RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1978-07-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Rankin wrote a column for the newspaper of the Shipyard and General Workers Union during the war, describing the experience of women working in the shipyards. She has also been involved in the HREU, OTEU and the IWA. She was an activist in the Labour Progressive Party during the war. In this interview, she describes the motivations of women taking industrial jobs; hiring procedures; attitudes of men to women entering the yards; the transformation of the craft unions into industrial unions; childcare; political differences in the unions; Soviet women on ships which came into the yards for repair. TRACK 2: Piecework; shop stewarding; layoffs and women; work as a journalist for "The People"; the LPP; left-wing theatre; the IWA strike of 1946; organizing in the restaurants; women's auxiliaries; equal pay struggles. Women were unwilling to leave their jobs after the war ended; working had brought them self-respect and economic autonomy.

CALL NUMBER: T3628:0002 RECORDED: Vancouver (B.C.), 1978-07-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Rankin worked in the IWA hiring hall and was involved in some of the early attempts to form the OPIEU from union employees (1947). [TRACK 2: blank?]

Gordon Ballentine interview : [Stoddart, 1978]

CALL NUMBER: T3219:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gordon Ballentine discusses: background -- born in Vancouver, first interest in airplanes; got involved with an airplane club and met Don MacLaren; first job for MacLaren was as a crew man in; 1928; learning to fly; rebuilding an old H boat; met Harold Davenport; fisheries patrol; losing planes and pilots in the early days; story of the Queen Charlotte Islands crash that he was in when he was a crew man- quite an adventure; aircraft technology at the time (early 1930s); Queen Charlotte Islands -- seeing an Albino crow. TRACK 2: Gordon Ballentine: anecdote about Moresby Island incident; fisheries patrol- worked there in the summer, even when he was a Canadian Airways pilot in 1938 and 1939; enjoyed the fisheries work; Indians in the Queen Charlottes and northern Vancouver Island; first pilots were all with the Royal Canadian Air Force; Aero Club stories; flying in the Cariboo; the Zeballos gold rush; ski flying planes vs. flying float planes; describes some characters of early aviation in B.C.; competition between Yukon Southern and Canadian Airways; coastal flying was more prevalent at the time; flew Junkers through Winnipeg in WW II; operations in the interior were very small; weather conditions when flying are very important; early radio communication. CALL NUMBER: T3219:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gordon Ballentine discusses: patrolling the fishing industry; little drinking on planes; mechanic not always on flight; air engineer exams- he passed, but never really did mechanical work; merging of different airlines; longevity of engines; planes he flew with Canadian Pacific; de-icing process- some bad experiences with ice. TRACK 2: Gordon Ballentine: continuation of a story about flying across the Rockies; search and rescue operations; did not expect to make money out of flying -- he just loved it; only damaged a plane once, in 1938; Canadian Airways ran a very good operation; description of his first flight, and his first solo flight; glider school- how it started, his involvement in it; Aircraft Charter Services; competition between airlines; story about flying a commercial plane after he retired; as a young pilot, he was very cautious; landing a plane in very poor visibility. CALL NUMBER: T3219:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gordon Ballentine discusses: story about former attorney-general Wismer; carrying a hidden gun; during war, you had to guard all the airplanes; guns were eventually not carried by pilots; differences in training now and in the early days of aviation- learning through soaking up the knowledge of others; different medical standards today; airplanes were much more individual in the old days; Canadian Airways sent him down to Seattle to take a course- learned a lot; Canadian Airways- a very good operation; the Flying Seven -- women pilots; bombing practices using flour; barnstorming; merging of different airlines. TRACK 2: Gordon Ballentine discusses: the Prince George run- he had sole discretion over how he got there; differences in aircraft; radio equipment description; oxygen on planes; uniform he wore as a pilot with Canadian Airways; lay-over period between flights; Lloyds, the insurer of airlines used to have a lot of say in airline operation; weight of load was not a precise science; getting lost on the way to Zeballos; searches; pilots were the 'individuals' of their generation; opinion of the union; solo bottles. CALL NUMBER: T3219:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Gordon Ballentine discusses: the one time he flew after having a couple of drinks; Zeballos gold rush story- very bad weather, shipping gold out; survival equipment; pilots needed to be sensible in the old days; overloading of smaller aircrafts is a big problem. (End of interview) [TRACK 2: blank.]

Ken Gibson interview

CALL NUMBER: T3085:0001 - 0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Tofino reminiscence : part 1 - 3 PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1978 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: Ken Gibson interviewed by Bob Bossin, 1978. Subjects include Fred Tibbs, Tofino, World War II, the evacuation of the Japanese-Canadians, whales, salvage operations.;

CALL NUMBER: T3085:0004 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1978 SUMMARY: [No content information available.];

Clarence Wallace interview

CALL NUMBER: T3333:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Education, training and military experience of Clarence Wallace PERIOD COVERED: 1900-1918 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-05-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Clarence Wallace remembers his personal and family background, growing up in the West End of Vancouver, and his education. Working in his father's shipyards. History of his father's shipyards, Burrard Dry Dock. Wallace's efforts to secure the federal government approval to build a drydock in North Vancouver. TRACK 2: Further aspects of the history of Burrard Drydocks. Life in Vancouver prior to World War I. Joining the cavalry in Vancouver, military training and service overseas. Anecdote about experience on a freighter as a youngster. Military experience overseas. CALL NUMBER: T3333:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Clarence Wallace : family and business PERIOD COVERED: 1918-1945 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-05-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Clarence Wallace discusses further aspects of his military experience overseas. Return to Vancouver and work for the family business. The effect of the war on the family shipbuilding business. The Burrard Dry Dock Company through the 1920s and 1930s. The Second World War and its effect on the shipbuilding industry. Anecdote about receiving federal government shipbuilding contracts through H.R. MacMillan. TRACK 2: Shipbuilding during the Second World War. Changes in working conditions during the period of expansion of the family business. Attitudes towards organized labour. Comments on Clarence Wallace's family. Anecdote about growing up with his sons. Military experience of his sons in the Second World War. Comments on travels abroad. Personal reminiscence of Queen Elizabeth II. Wallace describes himself as a royalist. The role of the Lieutenant-Governor. CALL NUMBER: T3333:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The election of 1952 : a constitutional controversy in British Columbia PERIOD COVERED: 1950-1953 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-06-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Clarence Wallace discusses the circumstances leading up to his appointment as Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, 1950. Comments on his predecessor, Charles Banks. Attitudes towards the monarchy. Anecdotes about life as Lieutenant-Governor. Impressions of politics and political figures in B.C. The 1952 election. TRACK 2: Clarence Wallace discusses the constitutional controversy which was the result of the 1952 provincial election. Explanation of why he called on W.A.C. Bennett to form the government, and the problems involved in making that decision. Swearing in British Columbia's first Social Credit government. Renovating Government House. The 1953 dissolution of the Legislature. Comments on Harold Winch. Social aspects of life as Lieutenant-Governor.

Charles Robson interview

CALL NUMBER: T2102:0001 PERIOD COVERED: 1925-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-06-11 SUMMARY: Charles Robson was born in 1901 on Cape Breton Island. Worked on the CPR steamer "Princess Mary". Discusses working conditions, division of coast among steamboat companies, canneries, "Charmer", construction of Pier B-C, Triangle Run, wireless radio, navigation by the whistle, examination of masters and mates, winter tie-up, lighthouses, pilchard fishery.

CALL NUMBER: T2102:0002 PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-06-29 SUMMARY: Bad weather at sea. Lighthouses in the Inside Passage. New CPR ships in the 1920s. Picking a crew. Various runs. Accident: "Princess Louise" and "Princess Marguerite". Triangle run. Special features of boat. Conditions during World War II. Changes in CPR shipping from the 1920s to the 1950s. Accident: "Charmer" and "Princess Royal", 1920. Clo-oose. A birth on ship. Fraser River boats. The Merchant Service Guild. Other sailors from the Maritimes.

Bunichi Takahashi interview

CALL NUMBER: T2398:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early life in Vancouver PERIOD COVERED: 1918-1928 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Takahashi discusses: a car accident on the Granville St. bridge; his childhood in Kitsilano.;

CALL NUMBER: T2398:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early life before World War II PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1946 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Takahashi describes: his English language education in Vancouver; schooling in Japan; experiences as a houseboy; discrimination during World War II.;

CALL NUMBER: T2398:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Life in an internment camp PERIOD COVERED: 1941-1946 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Takahashi discusses internment camp life; his marriage.;

CALL NUMBER: T2398:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Mr. Takahashi's sons PERIOD COVERED: 1947-1976 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Takahashi talks about his sons and their lives. (End of interview);

Tatsuro "Buck" Suzuki interview : [Stevenson, 1976]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Buck Suzuki interview RECORDED: Delta (B.C.), 1976-01-15 SUMMARY: Tatsuro "Buck" Suzuki started fishing in 1925 at 9 years old. He describes fishing: including fish, equipment, engines, and changes. He describes and criticizes the buy-back program, and highlights the centralization of the industry. He discusses how early unions were divided on ethnic lines which was good for companies, but not very co-operative. Japanese fishermen were deprived of certain rights -- limits on area, catch and number of boats. Describes anti-Japanese sentiment before WWII. He discusses two union groups: left-wing Pacific Coast Fishermen's Union and the right-wing B.C. Fishermen's Protective Association. The latter being all-white and limited, while the former was made up of a bunch of radical dreamers. Buck was a liaison between the two. Buck discusses the night of Pearl Harbor, the orders given to the Japanese people to tie up their boats. Surprise at the Canadian government's treatment of Japanese people. He advised negotiation and caution rather than fighting to the Japanese community. He tells of his experiences being the first Japanese to return to the coast to Steveston after the war. Discrimination and trouble fishing for Japanese. A committee established to protect the Japanese. Buck became Welfare Director of the Union. He discusses current (1976) and future state of fishing, and makes suggestions.

Phil Thomas interview : [Stevenson, 1976]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Phil Thomas RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-03-15 SUMMARY: Phil Thomas worked for B.C. Packers as a machinist. His father, Stan Thomas, was a cannery man as an "Iron Chink" master and a carpenter in the Fraser River and up the north coast with the B.C. Packing Co. before it became B.C. Packers. Mr. Philips and Mr. Gillespie were managers. In 1935, when he was still 15, he went to work for B.C. Packers in the summer, it was a big year, and he worked on a packer, pumping out the water. He also pumped gas for boats. He was born in Marpole and moved to Sea Island. He went to Bridgeport School and then Richmond High School on Cambie Road. Describes the lacquer machine used to preserve the cans. In 1938 he went to the Queen Charlotte Islands to work as a machinist and part engineer -- repairing boats and machinery for four years. Then he worked filling cans with fish at the rate of 60 cans a minute. He went to Kildonan on the west coast of Vancouver Island for B.C. Packers. Describes canning and the salting and smoking of fish. Discusses the changes to the fishing industry that have resulted by equipment improvements and fish stock depletion. Discusses unionization. He knew a few Japanese people before the War and was sorry to see them go. He was at the Queen Charlotte Islands during the War where there was an air base. When you travelled by water you had to use no lights, just blackout curtains. There were reports of submarine sightings, but none were confirmed. There was a net used to protect Prince Rupert harbour that was probably not very effective. People on the Queen Charlottes felt that they were vulnerable to invasion or attack because it was so isolated and remote. The radiotelephones were poor and communication was infrequent. The companies helped the Japanese fishermen back into the industry with boats and gear.

Toragoro and Rui Nimi interview

CALL NUMBER: T2399:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Early life in Canada and discrimination during the war PERIOD COVERED: 1906-1946 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. & Mrs. Nimi talk about their marriage; sawmills; their drugstore business on Powell St.; and the internment camps.;

CALL NUMBER: T2399:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Japanese and Canadian culture PERIOD COVERED: 1930-1976 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. & Mrs. Nimi discuss Japanese and Canadian culture. Japanese "mafia". Changes in discrimination. (End of interview);

May McLachan interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): United Church missionary to Japan and Soowahlie Indian Band in Chilliwack PERIOD COVERED: 1917-1960 RECORDED: Chilliwack (B.C.), 1976 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss May McLachan was born in Manitoba in 1895. Training as a teacher and missionary. Missionary work in Japan, 1923-1942. Taught Japanese-Canadian children in the internment camp at Tashme, B.C., 1943-1945. Returned to Japan as missionary after World War II, 1947-1963. TRACK 2: Missionary work in Japan continued. Missionary work with Soowahlie Indian Band near Chilliwack, 1964 on.

Art Moore interview

CALL NUMBER: T2049:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Art Moore RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-27 SUMMARY: Art Moore started fishing in 1930 when he got his first license. You were not allowed in those days to get a license until you were 14 years old. He tells of how he went fishing when he was 13 and hid in the boat from the fisheries officer, as he had no license. He says the fisheries officer knew he was there but he never interfered with Art. The license cost $1.00. That fisheries officer is dead now. Pollution so bad in the North Arm that the vast number of salmon going up has been drastically reduced, due to mills, etc. Claims that the mills dump their vats into the river when everyone is sleeping. Millions of fish have been killed by pollution. "If they don't watch this a little closer there won't be a salmon left". "The Fraser is the largest spawning salmon river in the world". Moore also attributes the decrease in salmon to the population explosion and consequential raw sewage outfall. Moore caught typhoid on the Fraser and also a disease on his face. Deep-water ships used to come into the Terra Nova Cannery. Now these ships can't get within 5 miles of the cannery on account of the fill on the river and the flats. Recounts a story of one of his friends, Mr. Takahashi, who celebrated the bombing of Pearl Harbour: "They actually believed that they were going to take our country". Of all they boys that Art Moore went to school with (in his last year) he is the only one still alive. Recounts the story of a classmate named Yeta who had poor eyesight and was a good friend of his. When Yeta was 18 he had to go to Japan for military training and he was put into the front lines (in a trench) in the Manchurian War and was machine-gunned to death by a bi-plane. Recounts the story of another friend who went to Japan for military training and came back selling bonds. Art Moore claims that the Japanese-Canadians got paid more for their boats and land than they ever paid for them. CALL NUMBER: T2049:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Art Moore RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-01-29 SUMMARY: Art Moore recounts stories of incidents concerning Japanese submarines on the B.C. coast during the War (the shelling of Estevan Point etc.) Recounts the story of Jack Homer who got a shell from a Canadian war vessel show through his bow (this happened on the B.C. coast).

Hachiro Miyazawa interview

CALL NUMBER: T2401:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Japanese-Canadian labour unions PERIOD COVERED: 1907-1920 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Miyazawa discusses: the labour union and the Japanese; his many job experiences; his campaign as chairman of the Japanese Labour Union.;

CALL NUMBER: T2401:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Labour unions PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1976 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Miyazawa discusses: his family; his health; visiting Japan; and the Japanese-Canadian Labour Union.;

CALL NUMBER: T2401:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Japanese-Canadian labour unions and human rights PERIOD COVERED: 1920-1976 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Mr. Miyazawa talks about: the Japanese labour union; a Japanese newspaper; and the human rights of Japanese-Canadians.;

CALL NUMBER: T2401:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The impact of World War II PERIOD COVERED: 1941-1941 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: Discussion of World War II. [Most of this tape is blank.] (End of interview);

Olga Anderson interview

CALL NUMBER: T2350:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Impressions of Vancouver and region PERIOD COVERED: 1892-1900 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-07-27 SUMMARY: Born on a farm in Ladner in 1892; growing up and attending school on Lulu Island; Chinese residents; move to Eburne; discovery of Indian relics; moved to Granville Street and 60th; father's background; father's work building the BC Electric Railway; Granville Street and trips to downtown Vancouver.

CALL NUMBER: T2350:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vancouver in the 1920s and 1930s PERIOD COVERED: 1895-1900 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-07-27 SUMMARY: Comments about Anderson Island and fishing on the Fraser River; English Bay; Old Black Joe [i.e., Joe Fortes?]; ships and shipping; summers at Bowen Island; anecdotes about life around Vancouver; marriage in the 1920s; work in hotels and the hotel strike in the 1930s; modelling; the Cordova Street shopping area.

CALL NUMBER: T2350:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Impressions of early Vancouver PERIOD COVERED: 1895-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-07-27 SUMMARY: More about Marpole excavation; West Vancouver; end of the Second World War; early strikes; visiting circus; safe streets; tea parties; calling children; wild life; family worries; Harrison Hot Springs; comments on First Narrows Bridge; Mayor McGeer; Grouse Mountain. [Note: BC Archives does not hold a copy of T2350:0003 and the contents of this recording are not available]

Sound recording is on track 1 of each recording only; track 2 is blank.

Rev. D.H. Telfer interview

CALL NUMBER: T2643:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A United Church minister on the Prairies and in B.C., ca. 1904-1960 PERIOD COVERED: 1900-1940 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1975 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Reverend D.H. Telfer was born in 1886 and recalls his earliest memories of London, England. His father's work in the Wesleyan Methodist Church in London. Family decision to settle in Canada, 1904. Settling on a section of land at Belvedere, Alberta. Father's role as a local Methodist preacher. His own early jobs. More about his father's life as a preacher, and his death in 1908. TRACK 2: ;Other local denominations. His own studies for the ministry. Effects of World War I. University studies and ordination, 1915. Marriage and a sales job. Effects of the Great Depression. How the churches helped in the 1930s. Church Union, 1925. Move to West Point Grey United Church, 1940.

CALL NUMBER: T2643:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A United Church minister and World War II in B.C. PERIOD COVERED: 1940-1960 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1975 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The Church in the community during World War II. Conscientious objectors. Changes in congregations and church participation. Church extension, 1951-58. Outstanding individuals: Chown. The World Won for Christ. Japanese re-location.

Nobuyoki Ichikawa interview

CALL NUMBER: T2395:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Mr. Ichikawa relates experience of coming to Canada and early jobs PERIOD COVERED: 1918-1935 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1974 SUMMARY: Mr. Ichikawa's experiences on the trip from Japan. Working in a sawmill in Richmond, B.C. Commentary on several jobs which he held in Vancouver: milk factory, railroad, grocery store. CALL NUMBER: T2395:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Japanese-Canadian labour unions and personal job experience PERIOD COVERED: 1925-1937 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1974 SUMMARY: Mr. Ichikawa's experiences working in a logging camp. Discusses working at a sawmill on Vancouver Island. Gossip about Japanese Labour Unions and Japanese 'semi' mafia. Visiting Japan. CALL NUMBER: T2395:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A Japanese-Canadian visit to Japan : some impressions PERIOD COVERED: 1935-1937 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1974 SUMMARY: Visiting Japan. [Most of this tape is blank.] CALL NUMBER: T2395:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): World War II and changes in the Japanese community PERIOD COVERED: 1937-1976 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1974 SUMMARY: Mr. Ichikawa's experiences working in a Nitric Acid Factory in Ontario. World War II and evacuation. Timber mill. Influence of World War II and changes in Japanese community. (End of interview)

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