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Hudson's Bay Company
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A.C. Anderson papers

Alexander Caulfield Anderson was born near Calcutta, India in 1814 and died at Saanich in 1884. He was educated in England and joined the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1831 as an apprentice clerk. After a year of service at Lachine, he was assigned to various HBC posts throughout the northwest, including Fort Vancouver, Fort McLoughlin, Fraser Lake, Fort George, Fort Nisqually, Fort Alexandria and Fort Colvile. He was promoted to chief trader in 1846, and would have been made chief factor had he been willing to accept a post in New Caledonia. Between 1846 and 1847, in response to the Oregon boundary issue, Anderson led three exploring expeditions in an attempt to find a route, from the HBC post at Kamloops to the HBC post Fort Langley, which would fall entirely within British territory. Two of the routes that he identified were used at various times by the HBC brigades between the interior posts and the ocean. He retired from the Company in 1854, and settled with his wife Eliza Birnie, whom he married in 1837, in Cathlamet, Washington. They eventually had 13 children. In 1858 Anderson was persuaded by James Douglas to accept the position of postmaster of Victoria; he later served briefly as collector of customs, and also had various business interests in Victoria. In 1876 he was appointed as both Dominion inspector of fisheries and the federal representative on the Dominion-Provincial Joint Commission on Indian Land in British Columbia. His appointment to this commission ended in 1878. Anderson was considered scholarly, and wrote several reports, articles and manuscripts about the history of the northwest coast.

Records include: A.C. Anderson's correspondence in and out (box 1), including letters from Peter Skene Ogden, 1837-1839, Sir George Simpson, 1836-1839, and letters to Alexander Grant Dallas, 1852, and William Fraser Tolmie, 1854; journals, certificates, notes and diaries and a manuscript "History of the Northwest Coast". Some of these records were previously catalogued in the Old Manuscript Collection of the BC Archives; a conversion list of old call numbers and a subject index are in the hard copy finding aid in the reference room. Box 1, file 1-4 consists of correspondence inward; Box 1, file 5 consists of correspondence outward; Box 1, file 6-7 consists of miscellaneous fur trade papers and appointments; Box 1, file 8-9 consists of certificates and will; Box 2, file 1-9 consists of notes, diaries and histories; Box 2, file 10 consists of the draft of Notes on North-Western America; Box 3 and 4 consist of miscellaneous records

Anderson, Alexander Caulfield, 1814-1884

Accounts and other financial records

The file contains miscellaneous financial accounts between J.M. Yale and the Hudson's Bay Company, 1826-1855; personal accounts, 1862 and 1867; a lease for land in Saanich, 1865; a cancelled indenture between Yale and his daughter Aurelia Manson, 1868; and an undated fragment of letter signed Ovid Allard.

Alexander Caulfield Anderson fonds

  • PR-1052
  • Fonds
  • 1834-1884

The fonds consists of journals, certificates, notes and correspondence. Fonds includes Anderson's journal of an expedition to explore the interior of B.C.

Anderson, Alexander Caulfield, 1814-1884

Alexander Grant Dallas fonds

  • PR-1379
  • Fonds
  • 1859-1863

The fonds consists of letters inward regarding Hudson's Bay Company interests in B.C. and on the prairies and a scrapbook containing clippings and sketchbook, journals, and a log book from a voyage to California from Mexico.

Dallas, Alexander Grant

Andrew Muir fonds

  • PR-1553
  • Fonds
  • 1848-1850

The fonds consists of Muir's diary starting in December 1848 as he prepared to leave Scotland for Vancouver Island and continuing until June 5th, 1850. Diary provides details of his voyage to and experiences on Vancouver Island.

Muir, Andrew

"Any Ordinary Degree of System:" The Columbia Department of the Hudson's Bay Company and the Harvesting of Wildlife, 1825-1849 / Lorne Hammond

The item is a typescript copy of a thesis by Lorne Hammond titled "Any Ordinary Degree of System:" The Columbia Department of the Hudson's Bay Company and the Harvesting of Wildlife, 1825-1849. xi, 186 p. Thesis (M.A.), University of Victoria, 1985. Bibliography: pages 166-177.

Presented by the author, 1988.

Archer Martin fonds

  • PR-0677
  • Fonds
  • 1808-1928

The fonds consists of correspondence, collected documents, and research notes used on the preparation of Martin's volume on Hudson's Bay Company land tenures. The fonds also consists of general correspondence files, letterbooks, and judgment books concerning court cases and legal matters; Martin's notebook containing planting notes, correspondence and clippings regarding his garden and gardening on Vancouver Island; other correspondence and a library catalogue.

Martin, Archer, 1865-1941

Beaver fonds

  • PR-1960
  • Fonds
  • 1861-1870 [Microfilmed 196-]

The fonds consists of logbooks of the Beaver.

Beaver (Ship)

Bill of lading and land receipt

The file consists of two items: a bill of lading for the steamer Beaver, under Captain William Brotchie, to ship goods from Fort Nisqually to Camosun, dated 20 June 1843 and a receipt from the Vancouver Island Colonial Surveyor for 98 acres of land in Cowichan district, 1858.

Bob Joe interview

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1963-04-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Joe talks about Indian tribes in the Fraser Valley; legends of Cultus Lake; Indian dialects; Cultus Lake area; Columbia Valley area; Indian graves. TRACK 2: Mr. Bob continues with anecdotes of the Chilliwack River Valley Indians; Indian place names and their origins; a landslide at Cultus Lake; Indian customs; arrival of the white man; legends of the Fraser River; sickness; the Hudson's Bay Company post; childhood anecdotes.

Bowsman agreement

The item is an agreement dated October 4, 1848 between William Calder and the Hudson's Bay Company. In the agreement, Calder is to serve the Company as a bowsman for three years.

Business records

The series consists of accounts and bills kept by Humphrey O'Sullivan, 1862-1890. Included in the unit is the hiring contract between O'Sullivan and the Hudson's Bay Company, 19 January 1886.

Chris Wilkerson interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Chris Wilkerson recalls life in Firvale, Bella Coola, 1918-1951 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-19 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Chris Wilkerson describes coming from Alberta to Firvale in 1918, trapping, family in Firvale, 7th Day Adventists, Norwegian settlers, a story about Old Quahoose's Engine, more on trapping involving the Hudson's Bay Company, the Indian graveyard and a story about a bear. TRACK 2: Wilkerson continues by describing how "Burnt Bridge" got its name, tall tales by Old Gladhill, Old Chief Squinas, gold in Whitewater, the Waddington Massacre, John Clayton and the Hudsons Bay Company, Indians at Camp Aeven and details about the Old Palmer Trail.

Colonial Office correspondence with Hudson's Bay Co. with regard to Vancouver Island

This series consists of transcripts of correspondence with the Hudson's Bay Company relating to the conveyance, settlement, and reconveyance of Vancouver Island. Correspondence is arranged chronologically.

Volumes:
Volume 1: 1822-1851
Volume 2: 1852-1856.
Volume 3: 1856-1858
Volume 4: 1858-1860
Volume 5: 1860-1863
Volume 6: 1863-1880

Great Britain. Colonial Office

Constance Cox interview

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 1 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox (nee Hankin) begins this tape with a story about her uncle Charlie Hankin (partner of Billy Barker) and his promise to Josephine, the dance hall hostess at Barkerville, about her burial. A story is told about Isaac, a Babine Indian, who was awarded medals from the Humane Society and the Catholic Church. She talks about the background to the "Skeena River Rebellion" of the 18;80's. TRACK 2: This tape continues with the "Skeena River Rebellion", a childhood story about measles, Constance Cox's childhood at Hazelton, her family, the Manson Creek gold rush -- 1870, Indian women packers into Manson Creek, Cataline, Erza Evans and mining on Manson Creek.;

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 2 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates the following legends: the legend of the Sunbeam which is depicted on a Chilkat Blanket from Kitwanga and the adoption of the fireweed as the clan symbol at Kispiox; the; Frog legend depicted on a totem pole at Kitwancool and a Haida legend depicted on a totem pole about cruelty to animals. Indian foods and cooking methods are discussed. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues with her discussion about Indian foods, collecting sap from evergreens, berries, wild vegetables, medicinal preparations, an incident while nursing for Dr. Wrinch at Hazelton concerning a women with cancer and another nursing story.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 3 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates a story about an Indian woman called "Emma". She continues with a story about Captain Fitzgerald (Gold Commissioner) who was taken prisoner at Kitseguecla (Skeena Crossing) and the subsequent trial (1871). She speaks about the first Reserve Commissioner Peter O'Reilly, the reaction to reserves in Kispiox, A.W. Vowell, the next Reserve Commissioner, and the Kitwancool Indians. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues speaking about A.W. Vowell and the Reserve Commission at Kitwancool, the Kitwancool Indians, "Kitwancool Jim" and the Kitwancool totem pole histories. She speaks about the Collins and Yukon Telegraph lines, building the lines, the operators and linesmen and the visit of a "globe-trotting" woman -- Thea Francis (1920?).

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 4 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox relates her childhood memories of a canoe trip up the Skeena River (ca.1900). She speaks about Bishop Ridley, the Diocese of Caledonia, Metlakatla, Haida canoes, incidents along; the canoe journey, towing canoes upriver, dangers along the Skeena, villages, the "Mount Royal" paddlewheeler and Haida children learning canoe skills. TRACK 2: This tape begins with a description of a totem pole raising ceremony at Kitwancool, tragedies of the "Trail of '98", Rev. Harold Alfred Sheldon (c.1884), the Inverness Cannery and her father's business interests, Father Morice and his work with the Carrier Indians and the visit of the Catholic Bishop (Bishop Dontonwell?).

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 5 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape provides a continuation of Constance Cox's recollection of the visit of the Catholic Bishop to the Carrier Indians at Babine, more details about Father Morice's work -- his book and; map, his relationship with the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort St. James, a description of the destruction of his printing press, Father Morice's penance and later years, incidents at Fort St. James and; the HBC factor at Fort Fraser, Mr. Sinclair. TRACK 2: Constance Cox continues with more recollections about Mr. Sinclair and his grave at Fort Fraser. She speaks about the destruction of Indian culture, the language of the Tsimshian, Gitksan and Carrier Indians, the white settlers who learned the native languages, her role as an interpreter, the Gitksan language, the "White Cross Society", native art, totem carving past and present, erection of a new totem pole and the legend of the Kispiox -- House of the Beaver.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 6 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The legend of the Kispiox -- House of the Beaver is continued on this tape. Constance Cox provides additional information about the Gitksan language, her background in native languages, the Methodist missionary at Hazelton -- Mr. Matheson (1871), the Anglican missionaries (1880), the "Queek", the Gitksan as carvers and designers and the dispute over ownership of the Bulkley Canyon c.1900.; TRACK 2: This tape continues with a description of the dispute over the Bulkley Canyon, a Gitksan artist -- Gisemax (sp), other Hazelton incidents, and a story about the group of American miners and adventurers under Mr. Gryder that arrived in Hazelton under the false assumption that gold had been discovered.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0007 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 7 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Constance Cox remembers her father, Thomas Hankin, his background, his coming to British Columbia (1857) as a Hudson's Bay Company factor and establishing the Hudson's Bay Post at the Skeena-Bulkley junction, his first encounters with the Indians, the song of the "iron kettles", his staking of the town site of Hazelton (1858), the 1870 Manson Creek Goldrush, story of a greenhorn and the naming of Frying Pan Mountain, William Manson and miners drowned in Kitselas Canyon. She continues with Thomas Hankin's business interests, his role in the Masonic order, Constance Cox's education, her step-father -- R.E. Loring, The Inverness Cannery, Thomas Hankin's death, his brothers -- Phillip and Charlie Hankin and the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade. TRACK 2: Constance Cox recounts childhood memories, Simon Gunanoot as a child, the Trail of '98 -- May to October 1898, Cox as nurse and doctor to Indians and 98'ers, stories and incidents, the story of the murder of Sir Arthur Curtis, Tom Hankin Jr. losing cattle on Poison Mountain and patients at the dispensary.

CALL NUMBER: T0313:0008 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Constance Cox : recollections : part 8 RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1959 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: The trail of '98 patients at the Hazelton dispensary and the rescue and nursing of Frank Farling is recalled by Constance Cox. She relates a personal anecdote about a "love letter" and Moosekin Johnny's Restaurant. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Continuity and change: the role of the Hudson's Bay Company in Oregon and Vancouver Island, 1824-1859 / Carol Mavis Frawley

The item is a microfiche copy of a thesis by Carol Mavis Frawley titled "Continuity and change: the role of the Hudson's Bay Company in Oregon and Vancouver Island, 1824-1859." 1971. vi, 137 leaves. Thesis (M.A.), University of Victoria, 1971. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 126-137. Canadian theses on microfiche, 27305.

Correspondence

This microfilm is a copy of the original material held by the National Archives of Canada (MG 19 A 23). John McLeod (or MacLeod) entered service with the Hudson's Bay Company in 1811 and rose to the rank of chief trader in 1821. This microfilm includes letters received from friends and associates in the Hudson's Bay Company's service (1825-1837), a report on occurrences at Kamloops in 1822 and a rough journal of a trip from Kamloops to Edmonton in 1826. The material is in chronological order. Index to correspondence is on the film. Spelling of names may vary.

Correspondence

Series consists of seven letters from James Douglas (1851-1858); two letters from Robert Clouston, Honolulu (1855); letter from P.S. Ogden, Fort Hope (1858); fragment in writing of Paul Fraser, Thompson River (1855); HBC work agreement between Richard Baily, Virginia, and J.M. Yale (1851).

Correspondence

The series consists of a microfilm reel, two bound volumes of transcripts of correspondence, and several original inbound letters to Ermatinger from various Hudson's Bay Company officials and their families.

Correspondence and other material

The file consists of letters to William Davis, a San Francisco businessman. The file contains two letters from George Abernethy (1847) of Oregon City regarding timber sales; one receipted invoice, Hudson's Bay Company, Honolulu (1847); one letter of thanks from James Alexander Forbes, Santa Clara (1846); one letter from James McKinlay, Montreal, Monterey, regarding transmission of money (1845).

Crown land grants

  • GR-3139
  • Series
  • 1851-1878

The Crown land grants in this series have been recorded in registers covering particular districts or towns. Those registered after 1869 overlap with a centrally registered series of Crown land grants (GR-3097,1869-1930). Included in this series is an indexed volume of Hudson's Bay Company deeds to lands on southern Vancouver Island granted between 1851 and 1858.

Records from 1860-1878 have been indexed in the Historic Crown Grants database (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/gator/crowngrantsearchrequest.do). Unlike the records in GR-3097, no volume or grant number is provided, only a reel number.

Crown land grants in this series are documented with a land grant registration form and, in many cases, related records. Most of the forms originally consisted of "a" and "b" parts; the latter was given to the grantee, and the former (a long, narrow "counterfoil" ) was kept by the government. These counterfoil records describe the sale or transfer of specific parcels of Crown land; some also describe the terms and conditions governing these transactions. Some counterfoils contain very little information. Registration forms generally document the following: registration number; grantee name; location, acreage, and lot number of the land; and the amount paid. Registration dates are in most cases distinguished on the forms from the dates land was initially acquired; this reflects the fact that purchase of land may not have been finalized until months or years afterwards, when all required improvements had been made. In rare cases, no registration or acquisition date is recorded. Attachments (usually glued to the relevant counterfoil) include sketches of land, applications for Crown grants, receipts, certificates of purchase and title, conveyances recording sale of granted land to other persons, state of title forms, court documents, and related correspondence and other documentation.

British Columbia. Dept. of Lands and Works

Diary of William Sinclair III

The item consists of one day book belonging to William Sinclair III, an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company and stationed at Bella Coola post. The day book itself is dated 1874, however Sinclair used it between 1878-1879 and re-wrote the dates for each entry. The day book is a private diary kept by Sinclair and not an HBC corporate record, however it documents the business activities of Bella Coola Post.

The final pages include a draft letter to I.W. Powell, Superintendent of Indian Affairs for British Columbia, on behalf of the local chief (not named). The draft letter expresses dissatisfaction on behalf of the local Indigenous people regarding broken promises. Also included among the final pages of the diary are recipes for pies and plum pudding, instructions for tanning hides, a list of British Navy vessels, and a rough translation dictionary of common words and phrases in English and an unidentified Indigenous language (possibly Nuxalk).

The diary accounts from Sinclair's nine day journey from Victoria to Bella Coola and his daily activities upon arriving at the post. There is a brief entry for each day, which sometimes consists only of an update on the weather whereas other days have more lengthy descriptions of activities. The diary includes descriptions of interactions with local Indigenous populations

Donald Ross fonds

  • PR-0303
  • Fonds
  • 1816-1877

The fonds consists of correspondence, and diverse papers relating to the Hudson's Bay Company including invoices, reports, memoranda and accounts. [Also available on microfilm.]

Ross, Donald, 1797? - 1852

Donald Ross private and official HBC papers

Series consists of correspondence between Donald Ross and other Hudson's Bay Company officials and employees, private correspondence between Ross and members of his family, and a variety of other documents, including accounts, invoices, memoranda, marriage certificates, and trade reports. All items are letters inward to Donald Ross unless otherwise indicated in the finding aid. Also included are typewritten transcripts prepared by the BC Archives (BCA).

Edward Ermatinger fonds

  • PR-0947
  • Fonds
  • 1818-1874 [Microfilmed ca. 1990]

The fonds consists of letters received from friends and associates. Fonds includes Ermatinger's correspondence inward from Archibald McDonald, William Todd and John Work.

Ermatinger, Edward, 1797-1876

Elmirdo Bellicini and George Ogston interview

CALL NUMBER: T1228:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Elmirdo Bellicini recalls coming to Houston, 1908 ; George Ogston remembers Hazelton and Vanderhoof PERIOD COVERED: 1903-1914 RECORDED: Vanderhoof (B.C.), [196-?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Elmirdo Bellicini begins this interview speaking about his early life in Italy, his coming to Houston (via the U.S.) in 1908, incidents and work during his boat trip and his land trek to Hazelton, coming to Houston (1908), John Houston and the establishment of Houston, early Houston residents and a comparison of Canada and Italy. George Ogston of Vanderhoof, the second interviewee, speaks; about coming to Hazelton from Scotland as a Hudson's Bay Company apprentice (1903), the Hazelton fur trade, currency, Indian villages and tribes, types of furs and a description of the trading post. He continued his work at the Hudson's Bay posts at Babine, Fort St. James and Fort Fraser and later moved to Vanderhoof (1914). TRACK 2: George Ogston, owner of a real estate business, provides his ;views on the future of Vanderhoof and agriculture in the area. He recalls his five year apprentice contract and pay scale with the Hudson's Bay Company. More details about the scheme for a home for retired writers and editors started by Herbert Vanderhoof and supported by the National Editorial Association of America are provided.;

CALL NUMBER: T1228:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Elmirdo Bellicini recalls coming to Houston in 1908 PERIOD COVERED: 1908-1908 RECORDED: Vanderhoof (B.C.), [196-?] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Elmirdo Bellicini speaks about coming into the Bulkley Valley on the Grand Trunk Pacific riverboat, hiring on as a deckhand on a steamer to Hazelton, a land trek to Hazelton and finally settling in Houston (1908). (This track seems to be another version of Mr. Bellicini's recollections previously heard on T1228:0001 (track 1). ( Note: a segment from CFPR Prince Rupert's "Good Morning Radio" remains at the end of this tape; presumably the interview was recorded over the first part of the program.)

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