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Potlatch
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Agnes Russ and Grace Stephens interview : [Fortune, 196-?]

RECORDED: Skidegate (B.C.), [196-?] SUMMARY: TRACK 2: In a [filmed] interview with Bob Fortune, Grace Stephens translates for her mother, Agnes Russ. Mrs. Russ speaks about Haida slavery, her longevity, the Queen Charlotte Island villages, the duties of slaves, present-day Skidegate, the smallpox epidemic, her girlhood, the family house, cooking and storage of food, potlatches, and argillite carvings.

Albert Drinkwater interview

CALL NUMBER: T0772:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-03-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Drinkwater recounts his parents' arrival in Langley Prairie, and later Surrey, in the 1890s. He describes schooling; early life; childhood experiences; incident with a bear; New Westminster fire of [1898]; potlatches at Semiahmoo; Indian encampments; family life; farm chores; fishing. TRACK 2: Mr. Drinkwater continues with a discussion about fishing; winter; logging in Surrey; sawmills; Ross McLaren Mill; Yale Road; traveling store, Kidds and Isaac; sounds common at the turn of the century; a cougar incident; railways.

CALL NUMBER: T0772:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-03-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Drinkwater continues with his discussion about logging; logging methods; equipment; working horses; teamsters; oxen teams; selection of timber; loggers; the scaler; skid roads; transportation of logs. TRACK 2: Mr. Drinkwater continues with his discussion about logging; life in the logging camps; skid roads and donkey engines. He talks about Surrey Centre; early residents; Reverend; Bell.

CALL NUMBER: T0772:0003 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-03-17 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Drinkwater continues with his recollections of early residents of Tynehead; the Bell family; Halls Prairie settlers; the MacKenzie family; the Robertson family; incidents; the Brown family; Johnny Wise and the Clarendon Hotel; riverboats. TRACK 2: Mr. Drinkwater talks about the Yale Road; dredging and dyking, methods, procedures and equipment; Sumas Prairie dyking; constructing the; route for BC Electric; logging.

Alert Bay potlatch : [field recordings, 1968]

CALL NUMBER: T4365:0253 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: "Alert Bay Potlatch" is a series of eight tapes comprising field recordings produced by Norman Newton at Alert Bay in 1968. These recordings document the ceremonies commemorating a new building built ;as a Centennial project to house ceremonial dance performances. TAPE 1: Opening announcements (15:00). Mention is made of Chief James Knox (Fort Rupert), Chief Speck, Chief Scow, Bill Holm, and attend;ant Charlie George. Ceremonial background about the Kwakiutl nation is given. Chief Scow is the master of ceremonies.; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0254 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 2: The master of ceremonies provides the audience with descriptions of the dance events and the ceremonial objects. He discusses the history and traditions behind each performance, and its impor;tance to the Kwakiutl nation and Fort Rupert.; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0255 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 3: Continued. The master Of ceremonies mentions the Hunt family song, as well as the dance of Chief Knox, performed by members of his family.; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0256 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 4: Continued. The master of ceremonies mentions the family members of Chief Sewid, Chief Speck and Chief Knox who participated in the dances. Information is also provided about family and dance ;ownership among the Kwakiutl First Nation.; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0257 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 5: The master of ceremonies mentions family members of Chief Knox who perform various dances. Chief James Knox's family is celebrated as a high ranking family within the Kwakiutl First Nation, an;d mention is made of his ancestors' role in the historic 1851 agreement with the Hudson's Bay Company factors. The Transformer Dance is also described.; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0258 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 6: The Seagull Dance and the Red Cedar Bark Dance are mentioned. The master of ceremonies also introduces Bill Holm and Chief Henry Bell's wife.; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0259 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 7: Includes speeches from the Chiefs of the Kwakiutl First Nation, praising the revival and exhibition of these dances and their culture. These traditional performances were historically enjoyed ;by various First Nations for the happiness of their people. The Chief Council is named (12:30), and background information is provided (14:00) about the construction of the building as a project to ma;rk the Centennial of Confederation (1967).; CALL NUMBER: T4365:0260 RECORDED: Alert Bay (B.C.), 1968-05 SUMMARY: TAPE 8: This recording documents dances by the wives of Chief Johnson and Chief Knox at the conclusion of the ceremony, and celebrates the happiness and joy of the attendance of such a large gathering;.;

Andy Schooner interview

CALL NUMBER: T1277:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Andy Schooner recalls Bella Coola Indian legends, villages and ceremonies PERIOD COVERED: 1733-1883 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Andy Schooner is a Native man who recalls Bella Coola Indian legends, villages and ceremonies. He begins with a discussion of various Indian villages that were in the area, the origin of the ;name 'Bella Coola', the smallpox epidemic of 1864, traditional salmon fishing and practices, potlatches, the use of 'crystals' and 'man eating' ceremony to teach children respect, the 'hao-hao' bird, a thunderbird story of lightning, and a story of creation. TRACK 2: Schooner continues with more on the cannibal ceremony and then he discusses longhouses, eulachon grease and boxes, missionaries in ;1883, Alexander Mackenzie in 1733, the Indian name for white people, an Indian version of a flood, Indian medicine, and two stories about Indian doctors.

CALL NUMBER: T1277:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Andy Schooner recalls Bella Coola Indian legends, villages and ceremonies PERIOD COVERED: 1733-1883 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-08-20 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Andy Schooner discusses a story about a discovery of stone canoes and people, and Native art depicting potlatches. Orchard and Schooner talk about miscellaneous items. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Angela McDiarmid interview

CALL NUMBER: T0675:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Angela McDairmid was born in Princeton before it was known as Princeton; she discusses her earliest memories; where the house was; several anecdotes about her mother and her youth; her father; floods; her family history; her father's arrival in Victoria in 1858; the gold rush on the Fraser River; the pack trains; the area around Princeton as she remembers it; more stories. Susan Louise Moir was her mother, and she discusses her life; her parents' early married life; the first settlers in Princeton; gold mining in Granite Creek; John Chance and other prospectors; how Princeton got its name. TRACK 2: Mrs. McDairmid continues by describing the first mines in the area; the Hope Trail; some characters; Chinese workers who worked for her father; stories; some characters whom she remembers.

CALL NUMBER: T0675:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. McDairmid continues with stories about the land around Princeton, some bodies that were found, building a bridge, a shooting among Indians, the Allison town site, Judge Haynes, Indian boat races at the river, potlatches, a shooting, the killing of a Nicola Indian, Merritt as a coal mining town, Dr. Tuttle's hanging, superstition among the Indians. Finally, she discusses her father giving the copyright to his stories to her sister. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Annie Hayes interview

CALL NUMBER: T0859:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-09-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Paul Hayes discusses Indian praying spiritual songs and singing; ritual purification; religious ritual before whaling trips; a family story about the thunderbird and the whale; the Indian mythology about the Creation; the role of white education on Indian traditions; songs of the Flood; and the whale hunt song. TRACK 2: Mrs. Hayes describes her childhood experiences at Alberni; raising her brother; schooling in Alberni; life on the Alberni reservation; winter storms; wolves; residential schools; training as a nurse and midwife; and her nursing experiences.

CALL NUMBER: T0859:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-09-02 & 03 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Hayes continues with recollections about her nursing experiences and midwifery; she discusses native social and marriage customs; feasts and potlatches for births; naming and first birthdays; prenuptial rituals; marriage customs; polygamy; and preserving Indian marriage customs. She describes the different dialects among the Nootka people. TRACK 2: Mrs. Hayes discusses Indian son;gs; the inheritance of chieftainship; women chiefs; the form of songs; and examples of various types. She talks about territorial rights; disapproval of theft; Chief Wickaninnish from Clayoquot and other chiefs; love songs; early dances; songs and rituals at Tofino; rhythm in the songs; and rights to songs.

Bernice Touchie interview

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Bernice Touchie interview on culture and language RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-09-08 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bernice Touchie discusses: her background, residential schooling, sports days (Makah days), cultural events, Native handicrafts, potlatching, dancing. TRACK 2: Bernice Touchie discusses: Native languages, her years at the University of Victoria in the Diploma Program, her plans for the future, keeping Native languages alive. (End of interview)

Charles and Diana Marston interview

CALL NUMBER: T1861:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles O. Marston : the early B.C. forest branch, 1913-1916 PERIOD COVERED: 1891-1919 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1958-12-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Family background in New England from 1638. Marston born 1891. The Biltmore School of Forestry, North Carolina. Details about the Biltmore school. Dr. Carl A. Schenck as the head of the school. Marston moves to Oregon, 1912. Began work for CPR Lands Department in East Kootenays. Joined B.C. Forest Branch in 1913. Timber cruising. TRACK 2: Traveling by B.C. Forest Service boat on the coast. Victoria office of the Forest Branch. Field work for the Forest Branch, 1914. Clo-oose land speculation. Forest Branch work, 1913-16. Anti-American sentiment causes Marston to leave Forest Branch. Worked for CPR in East Kootenays, 1916-17. Worked for H.R. MacMillan. Worked on aeronautical spruce supply in later years of World War I. CALL NUMBER: T1861:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles O. Marston : a forester in B.C., 1913-1925 PERIOD COVERED: 1913-1925 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1958-12-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Aeroplane spruce supply during World War I. Worked for Canadian Puget Sound Lumber and Timber Co. after World War I, 1919-25. Was an officer of the One Big Union, 1919. Was a logger at Alice Arm. Logging accidents and deaths. OBU organization on northern Vancouver Island. Improvements in working conditions. Traveling the coast on the Union Steamship Co. Mrs. Marston: Worked as an assistant to her husband during WW I; description of native peoples' way of life on west coast of Vancouver Island. TRACK 2: Potlatches briefly described. Crabs and what meat consumed. (End of interview)

Edith Cadwallader interview

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967-06-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Edith Cadwallader describes Kingcome Inlet in the first decade of the 1900s, the danger of flood in the area, settlers in the area including Lawrie Lansdowne and Ernest Halliday, the Powell River Logging Company in 1909, Indians at Kingcome and potlatches, Lawrie Lansdowne and his brother Baron, early life at Kingcome Inlet in 1903, education, oxen used on the farms and chores. TRACK 2: Mrs. Cadwallader continues with more on chores and leisure activities such as swimming, picnics, dances, and a story of a wolf scare incident.

Fred Wastell interview : [Orchard, 1967]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1967-06-22 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Fred Wastell describes the arrival of his father, Alfred Marmaduke Wastell, in Alert Bay in 1898, the beginning of the box factory, the Indian reservation at Alert Bay, the town from 1909; to 1920, transportation, race relations, potlatches (including their practice and suppression from 1900 to 1915), the Finnish commune of Sointula, prominent citizens of Alert Bay, industry, the trial;s of 'Big Head Tom', and religious life at Alert Bay. [TRACK 2: blank.]

George Clutesi and Annie Hayes interview : [Orchard & Edwards, 196- & 1961 & 1965]

CALL NUMBER: T0848:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: George Clutesi and his sister Annie Hayes discuss the procedure of the potlatch; the function of potlatches; Indian society; the potlatch and the Indian philosophy of giving; a description of a visitor's arrival; greetings; and gifts. TRACK 2: The discussion about the potlatch continues. Longhouse decorations; lighting; songs and dances; the welcoming song; special songs and dances; the Sea Serpent Dance; costumes; the War Dance; victory and celebration songs; farewell dance and song; the potlatch and Indian society.

CALL NUMBER: T0848:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: George Clutesi and Annie Hayes discuss the impact of the church and mission schools on Indian society, and the suppression of native culture. They speak of their own father and his role in the preservation of traditions, and the teaching of Indian culture and religion. They also discuss the "secret potlatch" of 1925. and Mr. Clutesi's presentation to the Massey Commission in 1949. TRACK 2: Mr. Clutesi recalls the early meetings held to revive native music and culture at Alberni; the teachings of Tutimias "Gus"; the establishment of the dancing and singing group, Somass Native Echoes; performances for Princess Elizabeth in 1951; folk festivals; performances; costumes; gathering cedar bark for costumes; and the BC Centennial celebrations in 1958.

CALL NUMBER: T0848:0003 track 1 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Clutesi discusses the future of his dance group, Somass Native Echoes, and the need for ethnic pride. [ca. 10 minutes]. CALL NUMBER: T0848:0003 track 2 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-06-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 2: Mr. Clutesi recalls the loneliness and fear in his early days at the Alberni residential school; his school experiences; and his changing attitudes toward his home and his native culture. He; mentions his increased appreciation of the native culture, and their philosophy of giving; the improvements made in native education and the establishment of their own school system; and the emphasis; on culture.

CALL NUMBER: T0848:0004 track 1 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-06-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Clutesi tells the traditional story of Master Deer's encounter with the Wolf People. CALL NUMBER: T0848:0004 track 2 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-08-10 SUMMARY: TRACK 2: Mr. Clutesi recalls how Anthony Walsh inspired him to continue his career as an artist and to exhibit his paintings. Mr. Clutesi recalls his acquaintance with Ira Dilworth, Lawren Harris an;d Emily Carr. He describes his meetings with Emily Carr, and her influences. He discusses the Indian artist's approach to his work.

Gwendolyn Bennett interview

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-01-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Bennett talks about her family (the Stones) coming to the Nass River in 1891; her father was a Methodist teacher; in 1893 they went to Victoria and then Clo-oose. She describes their life at Clo-oose; Indians; "Aunt Jennie"; the Logan family; and transportation. The family later moved to Tofino; she recalls the Indian potlatches; wolf dances; the Thunderbird legend; long houses; her ;parent's work with the Indians; Chief Joe and Queen Mary; the Catholic school and mission in the area; Mission Island; Stubbs Island; remittance men; whaling. [TRACK 2: blank.]

Indian house, Bella Coola, B.C. May 1913

Chief Clelamen memorial. Wood carving, coppers, and plaque "In memory of Chief Clelamen who died July 1893 aged 50 years ... In Dec 1892 he gave away, with the help of his sons Alexander & Johnny, property in blankets, canoes &c valued at 4000 dollars. This being his eighth large potlatch & feast that he had held."

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