Shows Tsintahktl and Tsawawmuck Indian Reserves.

The item is a microfiche copy of a thesis by Francis Robert John Flynn titled "A temporal classification of folklore of the Okanagan Indians." 1976. ii, 117 leaves: tables. Thesis (M.A.), University of British Columbia, 1976. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 43-45. Canadian theses on microfiche, 28681.

This series consists of Aboriginal liaison and First Nations consultation case files, primarily for the Cariboo region, from 1985-2008. These records document the Ministry of Environment and its successors' resource management involvement with First Nations groups and consultation with respect to resource management plans. Each file documents consultation and communication with a particular First Nation, Tribal Council or other Indigenous group regarding a variety of issues and practices related to resource management and use. File may be related to land claims, land use planning, the creation of sustainable resource management plans (SRMPs) and sub-regional area plans, or specific resource management and land management issues, including forestry, water rights, wildlife management and hunting, mining, protection of parks and cultural sites, and the creation of roads.

The files in this series were titled and organized in most instances as case files, based on the name of the First Nation involved in the consultation process. Many files document the creation and finalization of various kinds of agreements between the Ministry and First Nations groups. Files also include the planning and execution of joint projects, workshops and meetings to consult First Nations about the creation of resource management plans or to address specific resource management issues.

Files may include correspondence, reports, memorandums of understanding, agreements, financial records, business records of the relevant indigenous group, consultation protocols, maps, and newspaper articles and government responses to them.

Most files regard a particular indigenous group, mostly from the Cariboo and surrounding region, including: 'Esdilagh (Alexandria Band), Alexis Creek, Tl'etinqox Government (Anaham), Llenlleney'ten (High Bar), Bonaparte, Tsq’escen (Canim Lake), Stswecem’c/Xgat’tem (Canoe Creek), Carrier-Sekani Tribal Council, Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council, Cariboo Tribal Council, Northern Secwēpemc te Qelmūcw (NStQ or Northern Shuswap Tribal Council), Esketemc (Alkali Lake), Hamatla Treaty Society, Homalco, Lhoosk’uz Dene (Kluskus), Lheidli-Tenneh, Nazko, Nuxalk Nation Government, Lhtako Dene (Red Bluff), Saik’uz, Skeetchestn, Shuswap Nation Tribal Council, Xat’sūll (Soda Creek), Simpcw (North Thompson Indian Band), Yunesit'in Government (Stone Indian Band), Tsilhqot’in National Government, Tl'esqox (Toosey First Nation), St'át'imc, Ts'kw'aylaxw, Ulkatcho Nation, Whispering Pines/Clinton, T'exelc (Williams Lake Indian Band), and Xeni Gwet’in First Nations. Other Indigenous groups may be mentioned within files.

Note that some of these files were reviewed as part of the following litigation: Xeni Gwet’in First Nations Government v. Her Majesty the Queen et al.

Ministries responsible for the creation of this series, and their dates of the responsibility, are:
Ministry of Environment (1988-1991)
British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (1991-2001)
British Columbia. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management (2001-2005)
British Columbia. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands (2005-2010)

Records in this series are covered by ORCS 17020-20 and 17730-25 of the Resource Management ORCS (schedule 144100).

CALL NUMBER: T0314:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Alfred Joseph Drinkell tells some stories about the history of the Dog Creek area of the Cariboo, from 1860 to 1914. Drinkell discusses his arrival in BC in 1911. He describes the ranches he worked at around Ashcroft, Joseph Smith's place, and his financial problems and life before he came to BC. He tells anecdotes about Judge Begbie. He tells a story about Samsome, a local doctor, and the legendary packer Jean Caux ("Cataline").

TRACK 2: Drinkell relates the story of Cataline's last trip and describes many trails in the area. He speaks of Joy Sim, a Chinese doctor, and pioneer medicine. He discusses some of Cataline's packers: Robbins, Wiggins Dan Smith, and the first settlers in the area. He describes the Hudson's Bay Trail, freighting, roads in the area, stories about Phil Grinder of Jesmond, a local school teacher, and educated people.

CALL NUMBER: T0314:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Drinkell describes the early days of Ashcroft, the Chinese in the area, two anecdotes: the Wright of the Dog Creek Ferry and the Stobie of the Gang Ranch. He offers the background of the Gang Ranch and describes cattle drives, the Duke Of York, a Barkerville bartender, and local Indians.

TRACK 2: Drinkell discusses cowboys, social life and Christmas. Then he mentions Indian-White relationships and a story about Indians and the law. He discusses the Chilcotin and Shuswap Indians, problems with the reserve system, Chinese settlers in the Dog Creek area, and the importance of Chinese in the area. Finally, Drinkell tells the story of five Indian women who killed themselves over a white man, and how nails and gold dust were used as money.

Series consists of a draft and revised draft of Russell's reminiscences of her career as a librarian in the Provincial Library; correspondence inward (1 item), 1924; certificates of membership (B.C. Library Association, Order of Good Times); historical sketches of early explorers; brief accounts of Indian legends.

CALL NUMBER: T0678:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss Annie York describes her grandfather, Joseph York (1868?-1951), who attended Anglican schools at Jackass Mountain; his lifelong work for the CPR; several anecdotes about things that happened to him during his lifetime; his character; Spuzzum Indians; Indians in Lytton; how Spuzzum got its name; Harry James; events in Spuzzum; Indians of Spuzzum; basket weaving; Spuzzum Indian chiefs; the Chinook language; languages used in church; she recites the Lord's Prayer and some hymns in her native tongue, Thompson Indian. TRACK 2: Miss York sings a bit more and discusses the hymns; Reverend Higgs; anecdotes about family; her great grandmother; her grandmother; her mother; her partner, Mr. Palmer; Chief James; Thompson Village. She tells the story of the Lytton Indians and Simon Fraser as told to her by her grandmother, who was ten years old at the time of the meeting, and sings the song that was sung to Simon Fraser when he left the Indians. More on Simon Fraser; more on hymns and prayers; teaching.

CALL NUMBER: T0678:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Miss York continues by discussing how Indians prepare food. Then Arthur Urquhart, who was born in Yale and moved to Spuzzum, describes his earliest recollections about his family; his father; people in the area; Chinese people; what people wore; what Spuzzum was like. TRACK 2: Miss York comes back on and tells stories that Chief James told her, and describes his life; bridges and settlements in the area; customs of the Indians; more on cooking; more stories about social customs; her father; Indian religion and beliefs; the origins of the river and the moon.

Tape summary: T1071:0001 Mr. Anthony Walsh discusses his experiences as a teacher at Inkameep Reserve School near Oliver, 1932 to 1942. He explains how he started teaching; the origin of his interest in Indian culture; his impressions of Inkameep reserve; early work with the Indian children; an Inkameep Christmas card; European interest in the Inkameep artwork; the nature of the children's art; native reactions; to white culture; the children's creative work; the school system; teaching at 6 Mile Creek; approaches to art; conditions on the reserve; why he went to Inkameep and then stayed; a description of Inkameep and the influence of the Old Chief. TRACK 2: Mr. Walsh discusses the North Okanagan reserve; the character and traditions at Inkameep; rock paintings; the school; Indian stories as drama; beginnings of school plays; costumes and masks; performances; evaluation by children of plays; reactions; "Tortoise and Hare" play; the children's reaction to school at various ages; and Chief Baptiste George.

CALL NUMBER: T1071:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Children's drama, dance, and art on Inkameep Reserve, 1932-1942 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-07-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Walsh discusses how Indian cowboys sang native songs; a contest to collect Indian songs; the development of dances from movements of animals such as the deer dance and butterfly dance; native art forms; a description of costumes; recitals; impression on white people; a "radio studio" at the school; recording at CBC Vancouver; a recital at the opening of Thunderbird Park in Victoria; ;art exhibitions in BC and abroad. TRACK 2: Mr. Walsh discusses the Inkameep nativity play; the story of the play; white interests; the Okanagan Arts and Crafts Society; leaving Inkameep; the effects; of war and how the school closed; the effects of the Inkameep experiment; the conditions on the reserve at the time of the interview; a growing understanding by white people; present problems and how; cooperation with white people is essential.;

CALL NUMBER: T1071:0003 track 1 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): A visit with Emily Carr, and experience as a teacher on an Indian reserve RECORDED: [location unknown], 1962-07-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Anthony Walsh discusses his visit with Emily Carr in 1939 or 1940, and their discussion of art and native culture; reflections on his Inkameep experience as the "richest part of my life"; the teacher/pupil relationship; growth from early failures; relations with adult Indians; a comparison of Okanagan Indian culture to other Indian cultures; how Okanagan culture has changed.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1955 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: J.B. Knowles interview of Walsh, 1955. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): An Okanagan visit RECORDED: [location unknown], 1969 [summer] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This interview by Imbert Orchard was conducted in the summer of 1969 and given the title "An Okanagan Visit". It deals with Mr. Anthony Walsh's teaching career at Inkameep Reserve School whe;re he encouraged arts and culture in First Nations students. He discusses coming back to the Okanagan after leaving in 1942; the vineyards on Inkameep reserve; the decline in students since the 1950s;. He states that Chief Baptiste George's death in the 1950s led to slippage in the natives' quality of life; and discusses the impact of Alcoholics Anonymous. Mr. Walsh describes changes in the Okana;gan and the appeal of different places; his own life; his enjoyment of solitude and his creative endeavors. Mr. Walsh criticizes white people; comments on inspections of his work by the federal gover;nment, and notes how he was able to win the confidence of the children. Mr. Walsh recounts his own background, including upbringing in Ireland and Scotland; how he acquired his teaching position; his; abilities as an art teacher, and his desire to give a sense of the past to the children of the Okanagan. [TRACK 2: blank.];

CALL NUMBER: T0360:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-26 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Art H. Phair discusses his background; in that he was born in 1880, details of his father's work, his experience at private school in Victoria, the story of the Golden Cache Mine swindle of 1886-98. He describes the early history of Lillooet from 1856, the gold rush of 1858, Chinese miners around Lillooet in the 1880s, pre-war land boom and economic cycles in Lillooet.

TRACK 2: Phair discusses Indian life prior to European contact, strained White-Indian relations, bad relations between Indians, the Poole murder at Pemberton Meadows, murders and hangings, more on Lillooet Indians, Lillooet as a "melting pot" of many races, and the Chinese in Lillooet after 1884.

CALL NUMBER: T0360:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-26 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Phair offers anecdotes about Indians and Chinese people, more about his own childhood experiences at school in Victoria, adventures and "close calls", hunting and prospecting, tobacco growing near Lillooet, the meaning of the word "Lillooet", early farmers between Lillooet and Pavilion, gold panning as a young boy, his family background, the red light district in Lillooet and the flourishing of Lillooet between 1858 and 1864.

TRACK 2: Phair comments more on the Chinese in the area, he describes how his store was a social center, how it was robbed, Indians in the store, and the start of big game hunting in Lillooet after 1884. Phair describes the Pemberton to Lillooet road, his family's relations with Indians, the John Bull murder, old settlements near Lillooet, crossing the Fraser River at Lillooet, how his mother was a musician, uncle was a poet, an incident about a priest who alleged to have beaten an Indian woman, and finally his father's background.

SUMMARY: Radio program with unidentified announcer, about: native people, Okanagan Indians, including the singing of young Indians.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-27 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Charlie Walkem discusses Spences Bridge in 1894 during flood conditions; Cook's Ferry Indian Band; 1899 and 1905 landslides; ethnographic information on Thompson Indians at Spences Bridge; raising horses; cattle; fishing techniques, i.e. torchlight by canoe and fish weirs; two early chiefs of the area, Johnny Tetlneetsa and Whustemeetsa; and the large numbers of humpback salmon before the railway came through. [TRACK 2: blank.]

The item is a film workprint copy containing footage of Charlie Mack at Mount Currie, demonstrating the technique used to shape a canoe from a red cedar log.

This series consists of records of the Canadian government's Commission on Protests of the Okanagan and Upper Nicola Indian Bands, 1954. The commission investigated protests against the inclusion or omission of certain people from membership in the bands. Records include a report of Commissioner C.W. Morrow.

Presented by Judge C.W. Morrow, Vernon, 1978.

The item is a film workprint copy containing footage of Cora Wells at her fish camp on Lillooet Lake, demonstrating techniques for smoking or smoke-drying salmon. October 1975.

Letter to Provincial Archivist E.O.S. Scholefield from Anthropologist James A. Teit regarding Simon Fraser's identifications of the Shuswap, Chilcotin and Thompson River Indians.

CALL NUMBER: T3532:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Memories of St. Joseph's Mission, Williams Lake, B.C. RECORDED: Alkali Lake (B.C.), 1979-06-07 SUMMARY:

TRACK 1: David and Celestine Johnson share reminiscences about their life at the Indian Residential School: going to school as young children (7 years old); learning English; older relatives helped younger ones to adjust; boys sawed wood; children slept in dormitories; Father Boening; clothing worn; boys and girls not allowed to mix; Father Thomas traveled all through area to advise Natives; pictures of ranch where David's father worked; wintertime difficult at the Mission school; older girls made clothes for all other children. TRACK 2: Celestine and David Johnson discuss: girls learned a lot about sewing, crocheting; boys learned how to fix shoes; playrooms for girls and boys; Shuswap language forbidden; illness at the Mission school; Williams Lake was basically non-existent at the time; David and Celestine were in school; burning of the school house, 1908 (?); Father Thomas' money stash; Mission had a lot of cattle; Father Thomas used to come to Alkali three times a year -- spoke some Shuswap.

CALL NUMBER: T3532:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Memories of St. Joseph's Mission, Williams Lake, B.C. RECORDED: Alkali Lake (B.C.), 1979-06-07 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: David and Celestine Johnson discuss: not being allowed to speak the Shuswap language at the Mission school; learning English; Sisters were mainly French, except for Sister Patricia who was Irish; some kids ran away (David did, but not Celestine); getting in trouble with teachers; Mission school was strict, but kids learned a lot; learning to cook and bake; food was different at school than home; sausages on Sundays; Chinook language. TRACK 2: The Johnsons discuss: David learned Chinook on his own; Father Thomas' buggy; their daughter went to Mission school, but it was different from the days when David and Celestine were there; Sister Patricia was nice; girls not allowed to see boys; story of Father Capani; Father Thomas anecdotes; visit from the Bishop; Native church. (End of interview)

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-05-23 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Dorothy Fraser talks about Anthony Walsh, his work as a teacher encouraging native culture at the school on Inkameep Indian Reserve from 1932 to 1942, and the resulting national interest in Indian affairs. She also offers general comments on conditions at the reserve after Mr. Walsh's departure, and more about Mr. Walsh himself. [TRACK 2: blank.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-10-29 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Francis Edwards reminisces about life around Pavilion around 1900. Mr. Edwards tells the story of a cattle drive to Vancouver involving Pecullah Kosta, Robert Carson and Richard Hoey in 1877. Mr. Edwards discusses his father, Chief Edwards; an anecdote about the pack trains; how his father came to the area in Shuswap; his childhood memories of trading fish for staple foods; hunting; then and now; working at the Robert Carson Ranch in 1906; Robert Carson and the Indians; and other ranches. TRACK 2: Edwards continues discussion about ranches; Robert Carson; John Bryson; Keekwillie [pit house] holes; and songs.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964-07-01 SUMMARY: TRACK 1 & 2: Mr. Frank Paul describes and discusses his family from the along the US-Canadian border; they ended up settling in the Windermere area in the East Kootenays; he offers family and personal stories; living in south central and eastern BC. Mr. Paul is of Kootenay-Shuswap Indian background.

CALL NUMBER: T3531:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Informal discussion on the subject of St. Joseph's Mission School, Williams Lake, B.C. RECORDED: Alkali Lake (B.C.), 1979-06-05 SUMMARY: Interviewees discuss their life at the Mission Indian Residential School. Many voices are heard, making it difficult to follow dialogue. TRACK 1: In this discussion, topics touched upon include: experiences at the Mission school; Sisters teaching at Mission; running away from the Mission; Father Aurore -- intelligent man; loss of the Native language; learning English; hard for parents to visit; Sisters Laura and Patricia were at Mission for many years; girls sewed clothing for themselves and for the boys' school; description of typical day. TRACK 2: Discussion of: Brother Collins; boys had to look after livestock; learning to cook; anecdote about making a fire at 3 am; ironing, washing clothes; mass every morning; relations between boys and girls were limited; teasing by the boys; story about one woman's wedding; visit of Bishop, confirmations; changes in Mission school layout.

CALL NUMBER: T3531:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Informal discussion on the subject of St. Joseph's Mission School, Williams Lake, B.C. RECORDED: Alkali Lake (B.C.), 1979-06-05 SUMMARY: Interviewees discuss their life at the Mission Indian Residential School. Many voices are heard making it difficult to follow dialogue. TRACK 1: Discussion of: train station near the Mission school; Indian graveyard rumours; years spent at the school; working for the Sisters in the summer; graduating, activities after graduation; games played; stories about other Natives in the community who went to the Mission school; boys were dressed as girls if they ran away; differences between lifestyle of Natives in the pre-war years, and now. (End of interview)

SUMMARY: TRACK 1: These "everyday songs" from the Okanagan Indians are sung by six students, ranging in age from nine to thirteen years of age, at the Inkameep Indian Day School in Oliver, BC, and recorded in 1941. The songs were originally sung by elders in the band. An introduction by their teacher, Anthony Walsh, is followed by a selection including: gambling songs; a mourning dove song; a drum song; a sweat-bath song; a spring song associated with food gathering; a berry picking song; a lament for the dead; All Soul's Day; lonely songs; the cheery song of the cricket, and a happy song. [TRACK 2: blank.]

The records in this series consist of correspondence and reports inward to the Provincial Secretary from the Joint Indian Reserve Commission (Alexander Caulfield Anderson, Dominion Commissioner, Archibald McKinlay, Provincial Commissioner, and Gilbert Malcolm Sproat, Joint Commissioner). The records include reports; summaries of work; minutes of decision; census of Indian population, livestock and acreage of reserves; and two memoranda dated 1869 by J.W. Trutch regarding disputes about Indian lands in Cowichan district.

Copies of correspondence inward to the Lieutenant Governor from the Commissioners and certain correspondence with Dominion Officials is also included in the record. The records are as originally filed. In most cases, the original Provincial Secretary's file number may be seen on the first document in a file, eg., for file 3 the number is 664/76, representing the 664 document received in the year 1876.

The item consists of a composite print of a travelogue made 1965-1966. It contains scenic and recreational attractions of the Cariboo-Chilcotin, from Cache Creek and Lillooet to Barkerville. Footage includes: Pacific Great Eastern trains in the Lillooet-Fraser River area; Lillooet First Nations dip-net fishing and drying salmon along the Fraser; the "Maggie Mine" and The Chasm, natural geological formations; sequence showing a dude ranch (the Flying U Guest Ranch?) with guests on a trail ride; trout fishing at Tatla, Nimpo and Puntzi Lakes in the Chilcotin; cowboys on a cattle round-up; Williams Lake Stampede parade and rodeo; flora and fauna (including wild flowers, waterfowl, beaver, moose, deer, mule deer, eagle); boating on Bowron Lakes; sequence about Barkerville (pre-restoration), showing old buildings and a service at St. Saviour's Church.

The item consists of four reels of film out-takes from the film "Legends of the West" made between 1955 and 1957. Includes footage of: recreational activities in and around Bowron Lake; Barkerville; Williams Lake Stampede rodeo events; wildlife; Lillooet First Nations fishing for and drying salmon.

RECORDED: Lillooet (B.C.), [ca. 1964-1965] SUMMARY: Tom Napoleon of Lillooet tells the story "Hunter Frank" in the Lillooet dialect. Thomas Joseph of D'Arcy tells "The Pack Horse" in the Fort Douglas dialect. Mrs. Isabella James of Shalalth tells "The Old Lady". Mrs. Hildegard Merritt of Seton Portage tells "The Pet Chicken". Thomas Link of Shalalth tells "The Hall and the Church". Jim Abel of Fountain tells "The Hunting Trip".