SUMMARY: "Between Ourselves" was a weekly series of hour-long radio programs that presented Canada to Canadians. It featured aspects of Canadian life in docudramas, plays, music, and interviews, originating fr;om different regions of Canada. The series ran from 1966 to 1979. This episode, "Kitselas Canyon", is based on a visit to Kitselas Canyon on the Skeena River, and a discussion of its history: the native people and their legends, the arrival of the Europeans, the days of the sternwheelers, and the coming of the railroad. The program is a CBC Vancouver production, compiled, written and produced by Imbert Orchard. The voices heard include Dave Walker, Ben Boulton, Wiggs O'Neill, and John Morrison. The story teller is Michael Irwin.;

CALL NUMBER: T1660:[0006? - 0009?] SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Evening chats with Eric R. Thomson (cont'd) RECORDED: Hopkins Landing (B.C.), 1974 & 1975 SUMMARY: In a series of interviews recorded by his grandson, Eric R. Thomson of Hopkins Landing discusses his memories of the First World War; memories of Vancouver; and the history of Hopkins Landing. [NOTE: Not transcribed.]

CALL NUMBER: T1660:0001 - [0005?] SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Evening chats with Eric R. Thomson RECORDED: Hopkins Landing (B.C.), 1974-07-30 & -08-01, etc. SUMMARY: In a series of interviews recorded by his grandson, Eric R. Thomson of Hopkins Landing discusses: a 1902 trip up the Skeena with his father, James Thomson, of the Hudson's Bay Company; a 1911 trip up the Stikine; and his recollections of growing up in Victoria, 1896-1904.

CALL NUMBER: T1223:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Captain Joseph Alphonsus Gardner : recollections of a riverboat man, 1895-1950 : part 1 PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1910 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1963-05-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Captain Joseph Alphonsus Gardner leaves Dewdney in 1894 to go to Hazelton with his aunt, he describes the trip by steamer to Port Essington and then by Indian canoe on the Skeena to Hazelton,; on the return trip to Port Essington he meets up with his father who was mate for Captain Bonser and he takes a position as a waiter on the "Caledonia" (1895). He recalls the "Old and New Caledonia",; adventures on the "Caledonia", hunting on Finlayson Island, incidents with pack dogs, freight, crew and passengers on the "Caledonia", "Boston Bill" and his deck hand work (1898). TRACK 2: Captain Gardner continues speaking about his work aboard the "Caledonia", "lining", Kitselas Canyon -- hazards and navigation, the Skeena and Stikine Rivers, impressions of Hazelton (1894), Yukon gold and it's; impact: swindlers and mental illness, "drifting" downstream on the Skeena, wreck of the "Mount Royal", the 30 Mile River in the Yukon, river incidents and memories of Captain Bonser.

CALL NUMBER: T1223:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Captain Joseph Alphonsus Gardner : recollections of a riverboat man, 1895-1950 : part 2 PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1935 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1963-05-28 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Captain Joseph Gardner continues with recollections of his life on a riverboat, an incident between a captain and an engineer, crews on the Skeena and Yukon boats, the Copper River explosion ;-- 1908, wreck of the steamer "Sophia", navigating the Copper River, "reading the water", sounding the water, the Skeena River -- Port Essington to Kitselas vs. Kitselas to Hazelton, "jumping the bars;" and his early memories of Dewdney and Hatzic area farmers. TRACK 2: Captain Joseph Gardner speaks about his father, Captain Gardner who was born in Mission, his grandfather George Clinton Gardner an international surveyor and continues with a summary of his father's career. He ends this interview speaking about incidents in the Yukon.

CALL NUMBER: T4255:0108 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Kitselas : [tape #2] SUMMARY: [No content information available.] Probably a component used in the production of Imbert Orchard's radio documentary "Kitselas".

CALL NUMBER: T4255:0109 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Kitselas : sternwheeler SUMMARY: Interview segment.

SUMMARY: "River Travel", #7 in the series, is about the days of sternwheelers on the Skeena River, and steamboat Captain J.H.Bonser.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0014
SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Martin Starret and Dick Lattie
RECORDED: Hazelton (B.C.), 1966
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret continues with his story about his arrival in Hazelton in October 1909 on the steamboat. He offers a detailed account of what Hazelton was like, including the stores there and their locations. He talks of pack horses and specific mule trains such as that of Cataline and George Burns. Mr. Starret offers his impressions of Hazelton as he and Mr. Orchard look over the town; he compares Hazelton in 1909 to [1966]. Dick Lattie, born 1895, talks about his life in Hazelton, and he and Mr. Starret recall when they first met in the fall of 1912. Mr. Starret and Mr. Lattie recall leading the Bell Mare pack train to Manson Creek with pipe for the miners. Mr. Lattie cooked and served food for the pack train. Mr. Lattie describes the trail from Hazelton along Babine Road, over the hills to Manson Creek where the miners were mining gold. He describes Manson Creek as it was. The miners there including a Chinese man named Packtrain Joe. Ferrying mules across Takla Lake; Ned Charleston's pack trains; and working for Cataline. TRACK 2: Mr. Lattie continues, discussing: pack trains, the Indian village before Hazelton was founded, where the first white settlements were and how the Indians moved to reservations.The first white man in the area was Charlie Humans [sp?] who moved there to start a store. Mr. Starret describes an Indian chief who had a lot of power, the first one who had a pole carved on the Hazelton reserve. Mr. Lattie discusses the towns in the area before Hazelton was founded and the white people came, and Indian chiefs and their homes. Mr. Lattie discusses trade between the people of Babine and Hazelton; instruments used in ceremonial dances; and the songs used in the ceremonies.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0015
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret discusses a 1909 trip on a Union Steamship vessel, the "Camosun", from Vancouver through Alert Bay to Prince Rupert to meet his mother at Metlakatla. The boys waiting at the dock could not read but bought news papers so as to look educated. Mr. Starret discusses boat travel during fall rains. He offers anecdotes about things that happened on the boat, including a story about a man who was looking for the saloon on the boat and the story of his hardships as told to Mr. Starret. Mr. Starret describes his experience upon landing in Prince Rupert, and the process of getting to Metlakatla and reuniting with his mother. Mr. Starret describes his experiences in Metlakatla, including people's names, a description of the town, and a meeting with Captain Irving. He describes the geography. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret discusses another four-day steamboat trip from Port Essington, up the Skeena River to Hazelton. He describes some of the passengers, including Blackjack McDonald, the cargo (70 tons of liquor for a hotel), the boat itself, the Captain's notion of shallow and deeper water, the condition of the boats, the crew, a character named Turley Hambley who established Hambley's Landing, what staterooms and dining saloons were like on board, the steerage accommodations, Captain Jackman, the scenery, Fred Daniels, and more on the passengers.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0016
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret tells the story of his mother; how she came to Hope at age sixteen to teach school and married his father a year and a half later. Eventually the ranch at Hope was not generating enough money to support the family, so she left with the three children (other than Martin) to teach all over the province. In January 1909, she went to Metlakatla to teach. Mr. Starret discusses people in the [northern BC] area, including Simon Gun-an-noot, other Indians and relationships with Indians. He discusses his experience attending South Park School in Victoria, and never feeling comfortable among the city kids there, and other aspects of his education. He describes his mother's physical appearance, ability as a teacher, her relationship with Martin and his brother, her ability as a fur trader (Fort St. James offered more money for fur than Fort Babine), and her retirement back to the ranch in Hope. Mr. Starret describes the location his uncle's home in Hazelton and the old original miners' cabins before the railroad came through. Mr. Starret tells a story about a time he dug potatoes and wheeled them across town for his uncle. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret describes what Hazelton looked like and what kind of place it was when he first arrived. One feature that distinguished it from other frontier towns was that it had warehouses. He describes the surrounding country and his experiences there, gardening techniques attuned to the landscape and climate, Hazelton's place along the Skeena River, a description of the buildings and their construction, the geography of Fort Babine, and salmon as the staple food of the Indians there. Mr. Starret then describes the town of Burns Lake and the people who lived there.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0017
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes his uncle Charles Victor Smith's house in Hazelton which was built by Indians. He goes on to discuss the life of C.V. Smith, including several life stories such as how he came to live in Hazelton. C.V. Smith took over his father's tug boat, until his eyesight began to fail him before he was forty years old. Smith decided to go into the fur business. He began by opening a shop and eventually moved to Hazelton in 1904. Mr. Starret discusses Smith's family including his two daughters. Mr. Starret tells a story about a trip to Babine with his uncle with mention to several Babine natives, attitudes of the Indians, interactions with Indians and details of a pack train. Indians based a storekeepers wealth by how much sugar he kept in stock, C.V. Smith had two hundred pounds on the same boat load which carried Blackjack's liquor. The idea was not to compete with Hudson's Bay Company, but to attract trappers. Mr. Starret tells a story about an Indian packer named Alfred Danes. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret describes how his mother was under the impression that Indians in the north were wild. She was worried about her brother until he assured her that the Indians were the easiest people to get along with in British Columbia. Several anecdotes about how Indians are easy to get along with are offered. Mr. Starret describes a saddle horse trip to Babine with his mother and uncle including the supplies they brought, camping equipment, cooking, the weather, the Indians they were with, anecdotes about the trip, and his mother's stiffness on the trail.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0018
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes in great detail the pack trail near Hazelton which was laid out by ex-Governor Dewdney from the goldfields of Babine Lake, through Fort St. James to Manson Creek; including reasons why the trail follows the course it does. Mr. Starret discusses the details surrounding C.V. Smith's trading post at Babine Village including details about local Indians and living conditions. He describes the log house in which the trading post was located and its furniture. Mr. Starret tells a story of the mail carrier Jim Williams who worked at the Babine Hatchery, whose wife lived in Babine Village; and a gift he bought her of a musical clock, and a story of her giving birth to a child which died two days later. Mr. Starret discusses Williams' reaction and the reaction of others in the community. Mr. Starret continues with more on his uncle's trading post and a night when an Indian spent the night with Smith and Mr. Starret's Aunt Agnes. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret discusses Carrier Indians in the Hazelton/Babine region and their church attendance. A church bell would ring and wherever anyone was, they would take off their hats and pray, and then resume work. Mr. Starret discusses the hygiene of the Indians and their living conditions. Mr. Starret describes C.V. Smith including his character and habits with the use of anecdotes. Mr. Starret believes that Smith's stubbornness was what made him successful; and he was a religious man who attended church. Mr. Starret discusses his own reasons for not attending church. Mr. Starret describes Smith's physical appearance including his posture, he always wore a Stetson hat and he would never drink. Mr. Starret describes his aunt Agnes Smith whose father was a coal miner also named Smith. Mr. Starret describes his cousin Clara Smith who was born at Moodyville and offers some stories about her. More on his uncle and how children did not like him. Mr. Starret offers his first impressions of Father Nicholas.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0019
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret offers his impressions of the Carrier Indians as he knew them in the early 1900s: their concentration skills and the ways in which they were brought up, Father Coccola sermonizing; about pre-marital relations, eating in church, religion and superstition. Mr. Starret offers several anecdotes about Father Coccola's interactions with Indians and a story about Father Dominic of Babine Lake who was an Indian that learned commerce from white men. Mr. Starret tells a story about the Father asking Indians "what hell is". Mr. Starret tells a story of Coccola as a young man who never thought he would be a priest, and stories about his old age. The Indian congregations at church in Babine and Stuart Lakes, the men and women sat separately. The Babine tribe consisted of two hundred and twenty-five people at that time and he discusses his feelings about Babine and Fort Connolly. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret describes his daily life at Babine Post: he begins with someone coming into the store to buy sugar and daily chores before getting into specifics such as an interaction with an Indian who tried to cheat him, another story about an Indian woman who came into the store with Hudson's Bay coupons, trading posts, Fort Thompson and the three families there. Mr. Starret relates tall stories as told to him by Eli Ferguson, who was an old timer who had several jobs and skills: an amusing tale about a time before horses were used, when people used oxen to pull yokes. There was a man plowing one morning with a side hill plow but the story is cut short.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0020
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret describes Fort St. James upon his arrival by canoe: the riverbank, the Hudson's Bay post, the layout of the town, a description of the houses and a few characters there, where the Indians lived in a place called the Rancherie, there was always one priest there. Mr. Starret discusses Father Coccola and his journeys all over the province. Mr. Starret describes his first trip into the Bulkley Valley to Round Lake in April 1911, to survey property for his uncle; including the landscape and characters he encountered. Mr. Starret describes his journey to Ootsa Lake in 1917 to buy fur at the time when Indians were bringing in beaver, including traveling with Father Coccola and having to borrow $2,000.00 from his uncle. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret tells the story of his uncle who wan;ted Martin to acquire Indian artifacts, one such artifact was Qua's dagger. Mr. Starret describes who Qua was. Mr. Starret tells the story of Sir James Douglas and his relations with the native people. The natives were upset about how he treated them. Douglas was sent to Stuart Lake to be an apprentice to the factor from an eastern post. During the factor's absence, there was trouble between the Indians and white people over the apprehension of a murderer. Eventually Douglas became Sir James Douglas, Governor of British Columbia. The natives became upset with the prices of goods which the Hudson's Bay Post supplied once the goods were shipped by steamboat. Mr. Starret discusses the value and quality of a variety of Hudson's Bay goods and trade with the Indians.

CALL NUMBER: T0399:0021
RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-]
SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Starret discusses his belief that Carrier Indians always trusted the priests. Mr. Starret never heard anything negative said by the Carrier Indians about the Church until World War I, when there was a disagreement about discipline. Mr. Starret offers some anecdotes which offer insight into the relationship between the Indians and priests. Mr. Starret discusses and sings a song by A.J. Hamilton which came about around the time of WWI about home-brewed alcohol. Mr. Starret offers his final feelings about the country including the way he would like to remember it such as paddling along in a canoe at night and hearing a loon call. Mr. Starret discusses the attitude of the Indians that all white men are rich. Mr. Starret discusses the attitudes of people in the past as compared to people at the time of the interview. Mr. Starret tells a story of an Indian who was unjustly punished named Francis Prince who was ostracized by the community. There were no white men who were Catholics in the area but Indians were. Mr. Starret believes that priests were fair legal advisors who did not necessarily give favour to white men over Indians. TRACK 2: Mr. Starret offers his opinions on British Columbia and how it is not really a part of Canada. He feels that there is a division at the Rockies and that Americans are like cousins as their money has helped develop Canada. Mr. Starret discusses free trade and his view that British Columbia's way of doing things is the best and he thinks that the Government in BC is the best at the date of this taping. Mr. Orchard and Mr. Starret discuss politics. Mr. Starret prefers working outdoors and he always recognized himself as a Canadian, yet when he first took up land, he had to do it as a British subject, people were not recognized as Canadians in those days. Mrs. Starret, born 1904, describes her life as her father moved from Ontario in 1918 to Burns Lake. She describes her views of Canada and BC as a part of Canada.

SUMMARY: A visit to Port Essington at the mouth of the Skeena River, and a discussion of its days as a cannery town and a port, where people would transfer from the coastal boats to canoes or sternwheelers for the trip up the Skeena. Voices heard are: Agnes Harris, Veroca Godfrey, Vicky Simms, Arthur Morrow, Captain Don Peck, and Walter Wicks.

SUMMARY: Two half-hour programs, adapted from Orchard's hour-long documentary "River of the Clouds" (1963). A lively account of life in and around the Skeena River, as recollected by native and white travellers and settlers on the river, from the days of the Indian freight canoes to the heyday of the sternwheelers. Voices heard include: Constance Cox, Captain Joe Gardner, Veroca Godfrey, Chief Jeffrey Johnson, Kathy Johnson, Flora Martin, John Morrison, Wiggs O'Neill, Vicky Simms, Martin Starret, Grace Stephens, and Bea Williscroft.

SUMMARY: "River of the Clouds" is an historical program based upon oral history interviews with pioneers of the Skeena River Region that Imbert Orchard recorded for a previous series, "Living Memory". The focu;s of this program is river travel during the days of native freight canoes and the sternwheelers that served communities along the river. "River of the Clouds" is a translation of the native name for ;the river, "Ksan".;

The item is an audio recording telling the story of the Skeena River in the days of the freight canoes and sternwheelers. This 1976 sound program was produced for the Provincial Archives' Sound Heritage Series, under contract and adapted by Imbert Orchard from his 1963 CBC Radio documentary "River of the Clouds."

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vicky Simms : Growing up in the Skeena country, 1890-1914 : part 1 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Vicky Simms (nee Morison) born at Metlakatla (c.1890) recalls early memories, schools and the hospital. She speaks about her mother (niece of Robert Cunningham), her father (a lay preacher), ;the Collison family, her father's move to Hazelton to manage Cunningham's store and to assist Rev. Field (1897), a canoe trip up the Skeena (1906), Indian canoe skills and songs, a mutiny at Kitseguecla, impressions of Hazelton, the Hazelton church organ, the spring exodus of the miners, Indian packers, social life and winter activities, the Hazelton town site, the Indian rancherie, Hazelton compa;red to Metlakatla, the Gun-an-noot affair and Bulkley Valley settlers. TRACK 2: Vicky Simms recalls Port Essington (1911) including: incidents, entertainment, Cunningham's Hall, the Skeena riverboats;, the Indian crew. Captain Bonser, the wreck of the "Monte Cristo" and the "Mount Royal". She speaks about Hazelton including: Cataline, packers, miners, Joe Lyons, Ezra Evans, the currency, Jack Graham (Cayuse Jack), Barney Mulvaney, Sperry Cline, Rev. Stephenson, Rene D'Egville, the effects of the war, life in Hazelton and the flood.

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vicky Simms : Growing up in the Skeena country, 1890-1914 : part 2 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape begins with a comparison of Metlakatla and Hazelton by Vicky Simms, and continues with recollections of Hazelton, first impressions, local residents, the family house, the murder of; Mr. Yeomans (the storekeeper), her father's position as manager of Cunningham's store, the Indians, the overwintering miners, Joe Lyons, the Chinese residents, childhood, the Klondike Goldrush of 189;8, prostitutes at Two Mile, Dr. Wrinch, the railway surveyors and engineers, the railway workers and camps, the miners, Ezra Evans, the Condit brothers, winter and summer sports, local vegetation, the; Indian reserve (rancherie), Indian dogs, housing and stories, the death of her brother Charlie and the Hazelton cemetery. TRACK 2: Vicky Simms continues with Hazelton recollections, the cemetery, Indian grave houses, the Gunanoot affair, local incidents, Rene D'Egville, Barney Mulvaney, currency, trade tokens, gold miners -- "pokes", Chinese miners, settler hardships, mail, anecdotes, fires, weather and clothing. She recalls Metlakatla missionaries, the Ridleys, the Ridley home and Dr. Ardagh (sp?).

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Vicky Simms and John Morison : travel on the Skeena River by canoe and paddlewheeler PERIOD COVERED: 1894-1917? SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Vicky Simms recounts the trip of 1894 from Kincolith to Hazelton by boat and canoe with her mother and brother, travel and impressions of the Skeena River, early Hazelton, Rev. John Field and; the Hazelton church. She talks about the Indian crews on the canoes, Indian paddling and singing, the trip by canoe from Port Essington to Hazelton (1905), incidents along the journey and the crews r;efusal to continue past Kitseguecla. John Morison (Vicky Simms' brother) continues this interview and recalls the canoes, journey and conditions along the Skeena during the trip of 1905 with his mothe;r and sister, Kitselas Canyon, the Indian crew, downriver travel, Indian singing, a description of the Haida canoe, Indian navigation techniques and Port Essington. John Morison reminisces about his t;ravel along the Skeena River (he worked on the paddlewheeler "The Islander") including references to: "hole in the wall", legends and stories of points along the river, the lower Skeena River, vegetat;ion along the riverbanks, the river above Terrace and Cedarvale. [TRACK 2: blank?];

CALL NUMBER: T0311:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): John Morison : travel on the Skeena River by paddlewheeler, ca. 1905-1917? SUMMARY: TRACK 1: John Morison continues speaking of his impressions of the trip along the Skeena including: "Devil's Elbow", Kitselas Canyon, scenery along the river and Hazelton. He relates a story about Hazelton -- a frontier town and the "Stonehouse". He describes in detail crew life aboard a riverboat including: sounds on the boat, the operation, decks and accommodation, sounds of the paddles, Captain; Bonser, uniforms, more about the operation, an incident at Ringbolt Island, Indian deckhands, Indians singing and accompaniment on the riverboats and problems with mosquitoes. TRACK 2: John Morison ;continues speaking about riverboats including information about: the crew -- wages, ages and duties, anecdotes, Bill Alexander -- the engineer, Joe Herrling, wood for the riverboats, bootlegging and t;he Indian pilot -- Walter Wright. He recalls the passengers, the special trips to Kispiox-Hazelton and the return trip Hazelton-Kispiox, more about passengers, the "drummers" (commercial travellers), ;women, amusements, impressions when approaching Hazelton, boat whistles, the first boat in the spring to Hazelton, store supplies, the Hazelton landing, boat whistles, the rivalry between Capt. Bonser; and Capt. Johnson, flags, an anecdote about Captain Bonser's dog, a practical joke, recreation -- horseshoes, fishing and soccer, more about the commercial travellers, the construction men -- "bohunks" and Blackjack MacDonald.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Walter Washburn : navigation on the Skeena River - riverboats and canoes PERIOD COVERED: 1800s-1914 RECORDED: [location unknown], <1966-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Walter Washburn provides a first-hand account from Kitselas of the wreck of the "Mount Royal" (1907). He describes events leading to the rescue of some of the crewmen and the search for survivors. He speaks about canoe freighting along the Skeena, including a description of the canoes, navigation along the river, the journey (pause in tape), Kitselas Canyon, Kitselas townsite, native songs and chants during the river trip, riverboat sounds and impressions of the river. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T0315:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The riverboat era on the Skeena River PERIOD COVERED: 1880-1912 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: William John "Wiggs" O'Neill begins this interview speaking about the establishment of the Henkel farm on Francois Lake, the story of Harry "Buccaneer" Morgan's adventurers in the Boer War, old man Jeffrey -- a Scotsman who pre-empted land in the Bulkley Valley, Mrs. H. Long's wedding day and Joe Merryfield's story about a Chinese miner and his Indian wife at Manson Creek. TRACK 2: Wiggs; O'Neill tells a story about a Kitselas Indian bootlegger named "Queen of Kitselas", the origin of Smithers and the Hubert site.

CALL NUMBER: T0315:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The riverboat era on the Skeena River PERIOD COVERED: 1880-1910 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: More details about the "Queen of Kitselas" are provided -- including: the Kitselas magistrate (C.W. Clifford), Canon March and the Kitsumkalum policeman -- Tom Parsons. Wiggs O'Neill continue;s with a story about Father Coccola and an injured man from Francois Lake and the start of the St. Eugene mine in the Kootenays. Included are stories of Port Essington (Spokeshoot) the "summer capital;" of the Cassiar district (Port Simpson was the "winter capital") and a description of local celebrations of the Coronation of King Edward VII (1902). TRACK 2: This tape begins with a Wiggs O'Neill story about a drinking party in Essington involving the local magistrate and a commercial traveller, continues with the first municipal elections at Port Essington (1907) and the first fisherman's strike, 1899.

CALL NUMBER: T0315:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The riverboat era on the Skeena River PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1912 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Wiggs O'Neill talks about the musical abilities of the local Indians, Walter Wright -- first mate to Captain Bonser, Cunningham's wharf in Port Essington, details about the steamboats, passenger loading and embarkation, steamer captains and engineers, steamer operations, bell signals between the Captain and engineer, the activity of the steamboat leaving the dock, the cordwood piles on the Skeena River and more on the boat signals. TRACK 2: More about the signals aboard the steamboats between the captain and the engineer, noises of the paddles and the noise of the exhaust. Wiggs O'Neill provides some information about the machinery, engines and construction of the steamboats. He talks about the activities of the passengers on board the boat, the excitement of the trip, the element of danger on the Skeena River, the role of the crew, types of passengers, Sir Richard McBride's visit to Hazelton, Mrs. Campbell Johnson, settlers and the crew.

CALL NUMBER: T0315:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The riverboat era on the Skeena River PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1912 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Wiggs O'Neill continues speaking about the crew of the steamboats, provisions, steamboat construction, meals and dining, "bootlegging" by the steward, gambling, sleeping accommodations, washing facilities, the main cabin, crew's quarters, the engine and boiler areas, loading the wood, overnight stops, "lining", music from the Indian crew and navigating the Kitselas Canyon. TRACK 2: More; details are provided about navigation through the Kitselas Canyon, "lining", ringbolts, the wreck of the "Mount Royal", an incident with Captain Bonser and a potential accident and Captain Bonser's character.

CALL NUMBER: T0315:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The riverboat era on the Skeena River PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1912 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Wiggs O'Neill describes Port Essington (Spokeshoot) during its heyday, Bob Cunningham, Indians of the lower Skeena, shipping at Port Essington, steamer schedules, currency, high and low water, the town of Kitselas, the travelling season, the riverboat journey and stops along the Skeena: Kitsumkalum, Kitwanga, Hazelton and New Town. TRACK 2: This tape continues with more details about the riverboat journey: Kitselas, New Town, Lorne Creek, Cedarvale (Minskinisht) and Rev. Tomlinson, Captain Jackman, the Copper River area, supplies and provisions and Kitwanga. Information is provided ;about Captain Bonser's crew members including: Paul Kato (a Japanese carpenter) and a story about a repair, purser -- Gordon Lockerby, engineer -- Pat Hicky on "Caledonia" and the rivalry between Captain Johnson and Captain Bonser. Wiggs O'Neill speaks about Kitwanga and Rev. Price, and the steamboat's arrival at Hazelton.

CALL NUMBER: T0315:0006 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): The riverboat era on the Skeena River PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1912 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-09 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: This tape continues with recollections about the steamboat's arrival in Hazelton, Hazelton's role as the river terminus and transportation centre, the town site and buildings, Jim Kirby -- provincial policeman, the "stone cellar" liquor outlet and Jim May. Information about local characters and incidents is related including: Joe Doyne, "Mocassin-Face Jenny", John Hetherington and a spiked cake prank, a bear-skin prank and Gordon Lockerby, and mock trials on the steamboats. TRACK 2: Wiggs O'Neill recalls passenger and cargo accommodation onboard the steamboats, "traveller men", names; of local hazards along the river: "Hole-in-the-wall", "Devil's Island", "Beaver Dam", "Devil's Elbow", "Whirlygig", "Hornet's Nest" and the wreck of the "Pheasant" and the "Northwest". He describes ;a typical steamboat, size, draft etc, the railway construction boom and a drowning.